This paper describes the characteristics of private forest management applied by farmers in dry land of the rural Java. The agroforestry system was used to manage their forest to manifest many objectives and constraints. The farmers practiced many types of agroforestry system, which depend on their own habit and needs. By a long experience, farmers cultivated their own small land with a high value of plant species combination. Farmers were able to manage their private forest on sustainable manner by applying selective cutting system. Even though, private forest has not contributed a big portion to the total household income, but it was important as saving asset, especially when cash money urged during emergency situation. Financial analysis proved that agroforestry-based private forest in Java is prospective for an investment in farming business. PF system is a promising system to be promoted for forest resources improvement in Java. It could be accelerated by intro-ducing appropriate policy and programs with farmers' characteristics on managing PF in rural area of Java.

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This study examines contemporary issues on the legal rights of the sultan to state forestry land and the distribution of forest resources according to ancient Malay customary land tenure system in the State of Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. In the Malaysian Constitution, forestry land is state property that is vested in the sultan (paramount ruler) of the state, who is the ultimate owner of the soil. Forest resources are an important economic income that has contributed a substantial amount of revenues to the state. Consequently, the sultan, Malay politicians and wealthy ethnic Chinese businessmen have formed various interest groups that influence forest resource utilization. In such a context, micropolitics and other socioeconomic imperatives have become involved with forestry matters. These ties have created problems for federal and state forest administrations in implementing sustainable forest management practices. As a result, state forest degradation has proceeded rapidly.

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The purpose of this study is to examine whether or not a new inscription of a national park in Japan on the World Heritage List will benefit visitors to the park, using a sample of the Daisetsuzan National Park visitors. Most visitors to the park regarded the inscription favorably, although no further establishment of roads and trails, visitor control, and further conservation of natural resources would be necessary by taking this opportunity for an inscription. However, both past management of the park and difficulties that have arisen in Yakushima, which is on the list of World Heritage sites in Japan, indicate that the current domestic system for managing heritage sites is inadequate for meeting the expected results of inscription, particularly the increase in visitor numbers. Contrary to the view expressed by surveyed visitors, we conclude that a new inscription of Daisetsuzan National Park on the World Heritage List will not automatically benefit visitors, at least in the terms expressed in this sample. A domestic management system dealing with practical measures to control the effects of soaring number of visitors to the park, expected after inscription, should be prepared beforehand quite independently of the process of applying for inscription.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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Under heavy pressure for economic development since the second half of 1980s, roundwood imports play an important role in the Chinese economy and forest protection policy. In this research, a review of the roundwood trade policy and the changes in roundwood imports and exports in China since 1990 is undertaken. In order to confirm whether and to what degree roundwood imports contribute to an increase in Chinese forest resources, this study adopts a time series approach. The stepwise implemented regression model shows that both roundwood imports and per capita GDP growth have positive impacts on forest resources, whereas roundwood export has a negative impact.

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[in Japanese]

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