Journal of Forest Economics

[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
2014 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages Cover1-
Published: July 01, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: August 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20818/jfe.60.2_Cover1

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
2014 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages Cover2-
Published: July 01, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: August 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20818/jfe.60.2_Cover2

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What is National Park for Us? : Roles and Possibilities of Natural Park System with Zoning(Feature Article for the Symposium in March 2014)

Toshiyuki TSUCHIYA

Article type: Article
2014 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 1-12
Published: July 01, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: August 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20818/jfe.60.2_1

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This paper proposes policy reforms for the Japanese natural park system to strengthen its role as a strategic tool in realizing sustainable regional natural resource management. After evaluating the major functions of the present system in Japan, the author examines how natural park systems with zoning (NPSZs) function in major European countries including Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, and France. Compared to the European cases, the Japanese natural park system is a typical example of an NPSZ. The author highlights some points of weakness in the functioning of NPSZs, including development control and socioeconomic support for communities within the boundaries. Then, two NPSZs in the eastern United States are examined: Adirondack Park in New York state and Cape Cod National Seashore in Massachusetts. These two cases show that even in a country where land use control and planning systems are not properly established as a result of extensive private land ownership, an NPSZ can work effectively. The author concludes that the future objective for Japanese natural parks, such as NPSZs, should be to strengthen the key functions of NPSZs to become "models" for regional natural resource management systems in Japan, with reference to the American cases as best practices.

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Transition of Mountain Village Concerning Washi Materials Production : A Case Study of Yanagino Village in Ino Town, Kochi Prefecture

Motomu TANAKA

Article type: Article
2014 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 13-24
Published: July 01, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: August 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20818/jfe.60.2_13

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Washi is disappearing while a domestic material decreases sharply. This paper clarifies changes of the mountain village which was a main cultivation place of the material, and grasps the present condition and the problem in Washi material production, and examines future Washi and the possibility of material production. A research area is Yanagino village in Ino town, Kochi Prefecture. Washi material cultivation in Yanagino village declined while changing of occupation and work form, purchase prices. Mitsumata was cultivated in the shifting cultivation, but disappeared with afforestation. Kozo is only grown around the house now. Employment labor became an income source and cultivator decreased. Collaborative work changed to employment labor, and income attractiveness of Kozo faded. Material import increased owing to the typhoon damage, and Kozo with insufficient care increased by the cultivator's aging, and purchase prices have fallen. Wild life damage of wild boar has arisen and the cultivator is reducing cultivation volition. And there was a contractor who holds stock of Tosa Kozo. I can say that the crisis of disappearance has Washi material production in Yanagino village.

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Development and Demise of Forest Management Fee in Finland

Nobuyuki YAMAMOTO

Article type: Article
2014 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 25-32
Published: July 01, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: August 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20818/jfe.60.2_25

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In 1950, the Forest Management Association Law was established in Finland. The forest management fee was newly enacted in this law. The forest management fee scheme was a system in which forest management associations provided forest management services using funds collected as annual and obligatory fees paid by forest owners. Forest management associations received substantial financial support through this system; the associations have played a major role in the post-war development of Finnish forestry. However, market liberalization since the 1990s has gradually altered the character of the forest management fee system. When Jyrki Katainen was elected prime minister in 2011, the new political regime attached importance to the discretion and responsibility of the forest owners themselves. In 2015, the forest management fee system will finally be abolished. In this paper, we discuss the ending of the establishment of the forest management fee system, which has been wavering between the public and private interest.

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Actual Activity of Japanese Type Forester Candidate : As for Apprentice Forester of Prefectural Officials

Takafumi OISHI, Norie TAMURA, Kunihiro HIRATA, Yoichiro OKUYAMA

Article type: Article
2014 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 33-42
Published: July 01, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: August 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20818/jfe.60.2_33

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In 2009, "Forest and Forestry Revitalization Plan" was developed in order to resolve the recent issues challenging forestry in Japan. Human resource development is one of the key policies which adopted in this plan. Japanese type forester is one of the objectives which are developed and it is expected to function as a leading expert of local forest management. In order to grasp the actual activity of the Japanese type forester candidate, we conducted a questionnaire survey for apprentice forester of prefectural officials. As a result, the main activities of apprentice forester, was found to have been changed to support activities for the forest management plan from support activities for municipal forest management plan. In addition, it was found that by age, there are differences in the abilities and actual activity. Especially, we found that the person of apprentice forester elderly, is doing to interact with a variety of stakeholders, and are expected to be held by a number of the capabilities of the forestry-related. In the future, that through their work, to carry out capacity building and building networks is desirable.

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An Advanced Case of Environmental Education in Shanxi, China : Analysis of Teaching Materials Used at Huaihai Elementary School in Changzhi City

Zhiyuan MA, Akira HIYANE

Article type: Article
2014 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 43-53
Published: July 01, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: August 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20818/jfe.60.2_43

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The present study was conducted to clarify the present conditions and issues regarding environmental education at Shanxi, China, focusing on Huaihai Elementary School in Changzhi. We analyzed the teaching materials used at the school, and also conducted a listening comprehension investigation of the agencies concerned. In our teaching-materials analysis, we paid attention to how forestry was treated in Chinese environmental education. We found that environmental education was performed with various subjects at the Huaihai Elementary School. In Shanxi, a textbook of "environmental education" was created, and the class at Huaihai Elementary School employed this textbook. And, examples of the teaching plan for environmental education were also created for teachers. However, although the forest concept was an important element of environmental education, hardly any explanation of forestry was given at the elementary school.

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Forest Conservation Policy of Sweden : Current State of Deregulated Policy

Hiroaki KAKIZAWA

Article type: Article
2014 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 54-64
Published: July 01, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: August 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20818/jfe.60.2_54

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The structure and current state of deregulated forestry policy of Sweden is analyzed. The minimum requirements for biodiversity conservation are defined by forestry law and enforced through the logging notification system, supported by a forestry data system built into a GIS and a monitoring system for forestry practices. Forest certification supplements the deregulated forest policy. Sodra introduced FSC forestry certification, which was recognized as a positive trend. However, environmental NGOs objected to the FSC certification system and challenged its legitimacy. A review of "the Environmental Objectives of Sweden" revealed that the environmental conservation of forests is following a negative trend. The Swedish Forestry Agency proposes to establish a national forest program and to improve the forestry law-enforcement system to resolve this issue.

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Reform of Forestry Subsidy in Switzerland

Ryoko ISHIZAKI

Article type: Article
2014 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 65-74
Published: July 01, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: August 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20818/jfe.60.2_65

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Switzerland's forestry sector, like that of Japan, has been struggling with weak competitiveness and subsidy dependence for decades. The Swiss government initiated reform of the subsidy system in the 1990s and implemented a new system in the late 2000s. Unfortunately, similar efforts to improve subsidies on forestry have not occurred in Japan. To deepen the discussion on the improvement of the subsidies for forestry in Japan, this paper examines the process and outcomes of Switzerland's subsidy system reformation on its forestry. The process of the Swiss subsidy reform on forestry was not a passive process responding to the request from financial authority, but an integrated process involving discussions on building framework and strategies for forest policy. Through discussions on the strategy for Swiss forestry, the government set the principle of subsidy for forestry and decided to no longer support those who are unable to survive in the market over the long term. The subsidies on forestry have been transformed into target-oriented subsidies, although defining the targets and deciding when to end transitional support remain points of dispute.

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Comparative Economic Value Estimation of Matsutake Mushroom and Timber Production in Swedish Scots Pine Forest

Kenji NAGASAKA

Article type: Article
2014 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 75-81
Published: July 01, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: August 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20818/jfe.60.2_75

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Non-timber forest products have been considered just as substantial goods in Swedish forestry. In 1990s, DNA analyses revealed that matsutake (Tricholoma matsutake) did occur in Sweden and commercial matsutake picking started. However, the forest owners do not consider matsutake in their management plan since resource tenure rights of wild mushrooms have not belonged to them due to the 'everyone's right' . The main objective of this study is to estimate the economic value of Swedish matsutake in comparison with that of the Scots pine timber production to show how matsutake would potentially contribute to the future forest management. Cost-benefit analysis is applied as a method. Regarding matsutake, input data for calculating net present value (NPV) is collected from the sporocarp inventory survey, questionnaire, expertise interview, official statistics and literature reviews. As for the latter, state compensation payment for habitat protection that reflects the forest estate value is employed. The result shows that the economic values for matsutake pickers with high sporocarp productivity under the assumption that half of the inventory result can be harvested reaches 72% of that for forest owners. This study also suggests that further researches on resource tenure right of matsutake is needed.

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[title in Japanese]

Ikuo OTA

2014 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 82-86
Published: July 01, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: August 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20818/jfe.60.2_82

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
2014 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages Cover3-
Published: July 01, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: August 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20818/jfe.60.2_Cover3

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
2014 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages Cover4-
Published: July 01, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: August 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20818/jfe.60.2_Cover4

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