Eisei kagaku

Studies on Natural Honey.

Yaeko Hayashi, Saburo Yamashita, Nobuo Ishikawa

1967 Volume 12 Issue 6 Pages 317-320
Published: December 30, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/jhs1956.12.317

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Two kinds of artificial honeys (I) and seven kinds of natural honeys (II) were analyzed. A mixture of starch solution and a sample of honey was incubated in an acetate buffer solution (pH 5.3) containing sodium chloride at 40°. An aliquot was drawn from the reaction mixture every 10 minutes to react with iodine solution and the absorbance were determined electrophotometrically. The absorbance was plotted against reaction time on rectilinear paper to make the reaction curve. It was found from the graph obtained that the natural honeys have stronger amylase activities than the artificial honeys. Multiplicity of several honeys was revealed with paper electrophoresis at pH 8.7 in veronal buffer and 250 V for 6 hours. The following samples were used ; (I), (II), salivary amylase (III), diastase, J.P. (IV) and pancreatic amylase (V). Artificial honeys (I) did not show any spot by this procedure but some differences were observed in the electrophoretic patterns of other samples. α-Amylase activity and electrophoretic pattern are seemed to be able to use for the determination of honey adulteration.

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Studies on Noise at the School Environment. II : Influence of Sound on the Work at the School.

Noboru Suzuki

1967 Volume 12 Issue 6 Pages 320-325
Published: December 30, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/jhs1956.12.320

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The influence of noise on the efficiency of the works were studied at Aoba Elementary School under both silent and noisy condition. As the results, 1) quantity efficiency was promoted but that of quality efficiency was lowered by noise in case of elementary school pupil. 2) The mistake in memory test of random figures increased by noise in case of elementary and high school pupil. 3) The mistake in memory test of drawing required thinking increased in case of elementary, middle, and high school pupil. 4) The influence of noise on a simple memory test was not recognized in case of middle and high school pupil. Objective methods for investigating the influence of noise on the works at school were studied.

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Researches on Smoke Injury by Fluoric Compound from a Tile Factory. II

Tamesaburo Matsui, Taro Ogiso

1967 Volume 12 Issue 6 Pages 326-330
Published: December 30, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/jhs1956.12.326

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A smoke injury occurred in Gifu prefecture in May, 1964, by which fruit-trees, mulberry leaves and silkworms near a tile factory were injured. From the results of researches, it was found that the fluorine content in green body and glaze used in the factory were comparatively high, and fluorine in these raw materials was volatilized by firing in the course of tile manufacturing so that it injured them. So, it was recommended as a counter-step for the factory that the materials containing larger amount of fluorine should be changed into those of lower fluorine content and the stacks of the factory should be made 2 times higher. Thus, a clay containing 40 mg of fluorine per 100 g was changed into another clay containing 3 mg of fluorine per 100 g, a glaze was changed into one with lower fluorine content and the stacks were lengthened from 8 m to 21 m high, too. Therefore, in 1965, the fluorine content in flue gas were below 1/2, the amount of fluorine in the air near the factory measured by alkaline filter paper method diminished to 1/2∼1/6 and that in mulberry leaves decreased very remarkably. In this area, although a partial injury occurred in late antumn, the yields of cocoon in spring and early autumn in 1965 were very good, and it could generally be said that the smoke injury had remarkably decreased in this area.

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Quantitative Analysis of Ethanol Content in Blood by Gas-liquid Chromatography.

Kikuo Monden

1967 Volume 12 Issue 6 Pages 331-334
Published: December 30, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/jhs1956.12.331

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The ethanol content in blood was determined by gas-liquid chromatography using solid sampler and hydrogen flame ionizing detector. To 1 ml of blood specimen, 1∼2 mg of isopropyl alcohol was accurately added as an internal standard, and about 0.1 ml of the mixture was applied to gas chromatograph equipped with a column containing 5% glycerol coated on Celite 545. Calibration of ethanol content was performed by comparing the peak area of ethanol with that of internal standard. Recovery was almost quantitative. Change of ethanol content in blood was determined by this method and Conway method, and the results were compared.

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Studies on the Chemical Identification of Cannabis. I

Yasuo Nakazawa, Toshiaki Osawa, Yutaka Uda, Noriko Matsumoto

1967 Volume 12 Issue 6 Pages 334-338
Published: December 30, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/jhs1956.12.334

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Chemical identification of japanese cannabis was described. Hexane-extract of cannabis was fractionated by column chromatography to give a fraction containing the specific components by eluting with benzene. Since the ethanol-soluble portion of this fraction showed characteristic peaks at 277 and 284 mμ in U.V. absorption spectra and exhibited the typical color reactions, it was found to furnish more distinct results than whole extract for purpose of identification of cannabis.

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Significance and Relations among COD Values Obtained by 13 Methods and the Influence of Cl^- on COD Values.

Noboru Suzuki, Morio Ito, Yoshio Nakai, Takeshi Nagai

1967 Volume 12 Issue 6 Pages 339-343
Published: December 30, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/jhs1956.12.339

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COD values of the standard substances and effluent treated human excrement were determined by 13 methods and the influence of Cl^- on the COD values was investegated. The results are as follows ; 1. When KMnO₄ was used as an oxidant (KMnO₄ method), COD values of standard substances were zero or very low comparing with the values obtained by methods using K₂Cr₂O₇ as an oxidant (K₂Cr₂O₇ method). Low COD value was also obtained on the effluent of treated human excrement by KMnO₄ method. Therefore, the COD value by KMnO₄ method is meaningless as an indicater of sewage pollution. 2. By K₂Cr₂O₇ method, especially with Ag₂SO₄ as a catalyst, high COD values were obtained for almost every standard substances and effluent of treated human excrement. In this case, COD values were also obtained by the inorganic substances such as NH₃ and Cl^-. 3. KMnO₄ method was slightly affected by Cl^-, while K₂Cr₂O₇ method was greatly influenced by Cl^-. The influence of Cl^- in K₂Cr₂O₇ method can be eliminated by adding HgSO₄ to the sample.

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Studies on the Analysis of Drugs by Use of Radioactive Isotopes. III : Quantitative Determination of Mixed Sulfamines.

Yuzo Nagase, Shigeo Baba, Kazuo Kunihiro

1967 Volume 12 Issue 6 Pages 343-346
Published: December 30, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/jhs1956.12.343

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The combination of papar chromatographic method and isotope dilution method was proved to yield good results in quantitative determination of mixed sulfamines. The isotope dilution analysis of homosulfamine was also performed by use of ³⁵S-homosulfamine. The synthesis of ³⁵S-labeled homosulfamine, sulfamine, sulfadiazine and sulfamerazine were described.

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On the Isolation and Determination of Morphine and N-allylnormorphine (Nalorphine) from Urine.

Kenichiro Minegishi, Yukio Kuroiwa, Seiichi Okui

1967 Volume 12 Issue 6 Pages 347-350
Published: December 30, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/jhs1956.12.347

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Urine specimens are hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid and the hydrolyzate is extracted with chloroform to eliminate the contaminants. Thereafter sodium hydroxide solution is gradually added to the aqueous solution to adjust to pH 12 and extracted again with chloroform. Interfering substances can be effectively removed by these operations. After neutralizing with 1N hydrochloric acid, the aqueous layer is adjusted to pH 9 with sodium hydrogen bicarbonate and several drops of 28% ammonia solution, and extracted three times with the same amount of the mixed solvent, chloroform : isopropanol (3 : 1). The extracts are combined, washed with saturated aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen bicarbonate, dehydrated with anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The solvent is removed in vacuo, and residue is separated by silicic acid column chromatography and thin layer chromatography. The extracts from spot area on the thin layer are dissolved in 5% HCI. The determination of each component is performed by UV spectrometry at 285 mμ.

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Studies on Fungicides. IV : Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Phenylthiocyanate Derivatives.

Hisatora Kuroda, Sachiko Okamoto, Taro Kaneko

1967 Volume 12 Issue 6 Pages 351-358
Published: December 30, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/jhs1956.12.351

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Effects of introduction of Cl, NO₂, NH₂, and SCN radicals to phenylthiocyanate on germination inhibitory activity to conidio spore of Cochliobolus miyabeanus, Alternaria kikuchiana, and bacteriostatic action to Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia Coli, and Bacterium oryzae were studied. It was found that Cl-introducing compounds had bacteriostatic action, and NO₂-introducing compounds had germination inhibitory activity, furthermore, 2, 6-dichloro-4-nitrophenylthiocyanate which were synthesized to have both Cl-and NO₂-radicals exhibited particular antimicrobial activity to both fungi and bacteria. NH₂-introducing compounds of the Cl-derivatives intensified the germination inhibitory activity but reduced the bacteriostatic action.

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Disinfection of Simulated Sewage by Neutral Calcium Hypochlorite.

Yoshinobu Hashimoto, Hitoshi Kumota, Nobuo Nakajima, Makoto Okada, Ter ...

1967 Volume 12 Issue 6 Pages 359-363
Published: December 30, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/jhs1956.12.359

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Disinfection of simulated sewage by neutral calcium hypochlorite (Hi-Chlone) was examined. 1. COD values of peptone solution were adjusted to those of the supernatant and muddy of sewage. E. coli was incubated at 37°C in the peptone solution. 2. After addition of calcium hypochlorite to peptone solutions in vorious concentration, chlorine demand, time course of residual chlorine, chemical and biochemical oxygen demand were determined and the effect of Hi-Chlone on E. coli was investigated. 3. In any concentrations of peptone solution, adding 25% of available chlorine to chlorine demand in medium was fairly effective on disinfection of E. coli and it was not considered that such addition had post-effect of sewage digestion because of the disappearance of chlorine after 16 hours.

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Identification of Organic Mercury Compounds by Thin-layer Chromatography.

Tetsukichi Niwaguchi, Nobuko Kato

1967 Volume 12 Issue 6 Pages 364-366
Published: December 30, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/jhs1956.12.364

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A simultaneous identification of organic mercury compounds by thin-layer chromatography was studied. It was possible to separate and identify the compounds by using n-hexane or cyclohexane and acetone (85 : 15) as the developing solvent. It was found that organic mercury iodides in chloroform were easily decomposed even at room temperature.

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The Analysis of Plasticizers by Thin Layer Chromatography

Takeo Tamura, Masahiko Nagasaki, Seitaro Koizumi

1967 Volume 12 Issue 6 Pages 367-370
Published: December 30, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/jhs1956.12.367

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The separation of fifty kinds of plasticizers, which are widely used in Japan, was performed by thin layer chromatography, using five kinds of solvent systems and eleven kinds of coloring reagents. The tailing of spots was prevented by addition of small amount of ethyl acetate to the solvent systems. In homologous series, Rf value was increased as the carbon number of alkyl chain increased. The high molecular weight plasticizers, such as epoxidized esters, showed many spots with any of the solvent systems. For detecting the spots of every type of plasticizers, iodine chloroform reagent was effective, and other reagents showed specific coloring for each homologous plasticizers (e.g. resorcinol reagent or thymol reagent for phthalates, 2, 6-dichloroquinone-chloroimide reagent or p-nitroaniline reagent for phosphates and alkaline KMnO₄ for maleates). From the results of the experiments, a mixture of unknown plasticizers could be separated and identified from Rf values with five kinds of solvent systems and the coloring reactions by several coloring reagents.

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Studies on Noise at the School Environment. I : Internal Noise and External Noise at School.

Noboru Suzuki

1967 Volume 12 Issue 6 Pages 371-375
Published: December 30, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/jhs1956.12.371

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Internal noise was greater than external noise at Aoba Elementary School in Shizuoka and the Elementary School attached to Shizuoka University. In front of these school's gates, 156 cars per hour passed and 160 noises per hour were given. On the other hand, in front of a gate of Eujieda-kita High School along the state road No. 1, 750 cars per hour passed and the continued time of noise by a car was 9.7 seconds, then the product was 122 sec. car noise per minute : it meaned that the pupil was continuously annoyed by noise at the school. As the result of frequency analysis, audiospectrum of noise in the class rooms along the road was similar to that of noise by car. It was found that the sound level by car was calculated from the traffic volume of car (cars/min.) by regression equation because the sound level had a significant correlation with the traffic volume in both A and C range.

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Studies on Noise at the School Environment. III : Influence of Sound on the Degree of Fatigue by Test under the Control and the Sound Condition.

Noboru Suzuki

1967 Volume 12 Issue 6 Pages 376-378
Published: December 30, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/jhs1956.12.376

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Value of flickering frequency and reaction time by colour naming method (work limit system) were measured as an index to define the grade of fatigue before and after the test described in the previous paper, at Fujieda-Kita High School. 1) The grade of fatigue under silent condition was not shown by flickering test but 3% increase in the grade of fatigue was shown under noisy condition. Significant difference of the values of flickering frequency between before and after the test was shown with 5% level of significance. 2) The grade of fatigue by measuring reaction time was not shown under both silent and noisy condition. It was considered from the result of 1) that noise affected directly on the grade of fatigue because same subjects were tested.

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Studies on Noise at the School Environment. IV : Analysis about Subjective Influence of Noise by Questionary Investigation.

Noboru Suzuki

1967 Volume 12 Issue 6 Pages 378-383
Published: December 30, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/jhs1956.12.378

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Subjective influence of noise by questionary investigation were analysed. 1) The subjectve influence of internal noise at Aoba Elementary School was greater than that of external for a little traffic sound. 2) The subjective influence of external noise at Fujieda-kita High School was greater than that of internal, because the traffic sound at Fujieda-kita High School was five times as much as that at Aoba Elementary School. Some pupil, however, even at the former school was annoyed by internal noise. From the above facts, teachers and investigators must not reconsider only the influences by external noise but also that by internal.

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Thin Layer Chromatography of Dyes. I : The Frequency in Use of Water Soluble Dyes Containing in Commercial Drugs.

Fukujiro Fujikawa, Kunio Hirai, Misuzu Tachibana, Utaka Otani

1967 Volume 12 Issue 6 Pages 384-385
Published: December 30, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/jhs1956.12.384

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Water soluble dyes used in 100 kinds of commercial drugs were analysed with thin layer chromatography. Frequency of detection of dyes were shown in Table I and II.

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Studies on the Practical Application of Infrared Spectrum in the Field of Hygienic Chemical Research and Scientific Crime Investigation. I : Infrared Spectrum of Soil and Its Application for Discrimination.

Saku Shinozaki, Kazuko Takagi, Ryoji Sawamura

1967 Volume 12 Issue 6 Pages 386-387
Published: December 30, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/jhs1956.12.386

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Infrared spectrum of a soil which was collected from a bed of a ditch showed a specific sharp absorption at 2100 cm^-1. The effluent from a gilding factory was running in this ditch. Researches on the infrared spectra of the precipitants in the effluents of some gilding factories gave a knowledge that the specific absorption was derived from CN compound. It is considered that it may be used as an index of the influence of effluent from gilding factory. On the other hand, the soils had broad common bands in the ranges 3500∼3300, 1650∼1600, and 1100∼1000 cm^-1. Some of them had specific absorptions in the ranges 3700∼3500, 2900, 900, and 800∼700 cm^-1. The combinations of these specific bands may be available as one of the means to distinguish the differences of soils.

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