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Volume 32 (1986)
- Issue 6 Pages 403-
- Issue 5 Pages 317-
- Issue 4 Pages 229-
- Issue 3 Pages 133-
- Issue 2 Pages 57-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 32, Issue 2
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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TAKEMI YOSHIDA, YUKIO KUROIWA1986 Volume 32 Issue 2 Pages 57-69
Published: April 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOrnithine decarboxylase (ODC) is the first and rate-limiting enzyme involved in the biosynthetic pathway of polyamines. This review mainly surveys the literatures about the change in the levels of ODC in organs of mammals in response to a wide variety of drugs and chemicals, with respect to its toxicological implications. Emphasis is especially placed on the induction of ODC by drug-metabolizing enzyme inducers, hepatotoxins, chemical carcinogens, tumor promoters and metal ions, and the toxicological significance of this induction of ODC is discussed. In addition, the significance of the inhibitory effects of some drugs and chemicals on the tumor promoter-mediated inductions of ODC is discussed. This review also described briefly the role of polyamines in tissue growth and the reactions responsible for the biosynthesis and interconversion of the polyamines. Besides, the purification of ODC, the recent advances in the studies of ODC genes, mRNA and cDNA are briefly described. The regulation of ODC by its antizyme, and specific inhibitors of ODC such as α-difluoromethylornithine and their potentials for investigation of the cellular role of polyamines are summarized. The available evidence suggests that the changes in ODC activity in organs of mammals owing to the administrations of drugs and chemicals could be a useful pharmacological and toxicological marker.View full abstractDownload PDF (1430K) -
YASUNOBU AOKI, KAZUO T. SUZUKI1986 Volume 32 Issue 2 Pages 70-84
Published: April 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCurrent studies on the gene structure and the control mechanism for gene expression of metallothionein were reviewed. Topics described in this review were i) isolation of c-DNA clones and genomic clones of metallothioneins from human, mouse and several other mammals along with Drosophila and yeast, ii) identification of the two control sequences that separately mediate the induction of metallothionein gene by heavy metals and glucocorticoid in the 5'-flanking sequences of mouse and human metallothionein genes, iii) amplification of metallothionein gene in cadmium resistant cultured cells, iv) determination of a chromosome that encodes metallothionein genes as a multi-gene family, and v) fusion of control sequence of metallothionein gene and structural sequence of foreign gene such as thymidine kinase and growth hormone, and the use of the hybrid plasmid for the induction and expression of foreign gene in mouse.View full abstractDownload PDF (1580K) -
KAN AOYAMA, NAOKI YAMADA, MASUO YAMADA, NORIKATSU HAMAMURA1986 Volume 32 Issue 2 Pages 85-90
Published: April 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe object of this paper is to determine the optimum pH for the production of earthy-musty odor substances on Actinomycetes. Mikawa A strain (Streptomyces griseofuscus) and Biwako B strain (Streptomyces resistomyciticus var.) were incubated and shaked. Since the pH values of these medium changed, they were controlled by adjustment during the incubation and shaking. It was concluded that the optimum pH of Mikawa A strain was between pH 5.4 and 7 and of Biwako B strain was between pH 5 and 6. The optimum pH of these Actinomycetes were different from that of Cyanobacterium, Phormidium tenue, between pH 8 and 9.View full abstractDownload PDF (640K) -
NORIKO TSUNODA1986 Volume 32 Issue 2 Pages 91-100
Published: April 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe simultaneous determination of 45 organophosphorous pesticides (OP, 8 phosphates, 14 phosphorothioates, 15 phosphorodithioates and 8 miscellaneous OP), which were registered or had been registered in Japan, was performed by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) with a flame ionization detector. Three kinds of liquid phases (2% OV-1, 1.5% OV-17 and 3% QF-1) under isothermal and temperature-programmed operations were employed for the detection of OP. The retention indices of 43 OP except ESP and trichlorfon were determined by GLC systems on OV-1 and QF-1, but 41 OP except ESP, trichlorfon, acephate and menazon on OV-17. The effectiveness for a series of GLC systems was evaluated by using the concept of discriminating power (DP). The highest DP for single GLC system was given by isothermal analysis on QF-1 (DP=0.931, numbers of OP=43 and error factor=50). The most effective DP for two GLC systems was given in combination with OV-1 and QF-1 with the temperature-programmed analyses (DP=0.980, numbers of OP=43 and error factor=50).View full abstractDownload PDF (1055K) -
SHINICHI ITOH, SYOJI NAITO, TSUTOMU UNEMOTO1986 Volume 32 Issue 2 Pages 101-108
Published: April 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to examine anaerobic biodegradations of organic compounds in sewage sediments, a simple method for the determination of H2, H2S, CO2 and CH4 was established by use of a headspace technique. First, the production of these gaseous metabolites from glucose was studied in anaerobic aquatic sediments. H2 was transiently detected in the early stage of biodegradation, followed by the production of H2S. After that, a large amount of CH4 was produced. Sodium alkyl sulfate (AS) was also degraded to CO2 and CH4, but H2 was not detected in the course of biodegradation. The addition of glucose enhanced the anaerobic degradation of AS. Assuming that the final products were CO2 and CH4, the extent of biodegradation of glucose, glucose plus AS and AS was calculated to be 67-80, 76-77 and 51-62%, respectively, of the total organic carbon.View full abstractDownload PDF (832K) -
SATOMI ONOSAKA, KYONGSON MIN, CHIKAKO FUKUHARA, KEIICHI TANAKA1986 Volume 32 Issue 2 Pages 109-113
Published: April 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe protective role of renal metallothionein in acute cadmium toxicity was studied. No mice died after subcutaneous injection of cadmium (5 mg/kg), but the mortality of mice was significantly increased after simultaneous injections of cysteine (300 mg/kg) and cadmium (5 mg/kg). The metallothionein concentration in the kidney of the mice injected with cysteine and cadmium was much lower than that of mice injected with cadmium alone. Other mice were injected with metals to induce metallothionein. The mice were injected with cysteine and cadmium 24 h after the metal injection, and observed for 3 d. There was a significant correlation between the metallothionein concentration in the kidney and the mortality of the mice (r=0.755, p<0.05). These results indicate that metallothionein in the kidney, not in the liver, contributes to the prevantion of acute cadmium toxicity under these conditions.View full abstractDownload PDF (604K) -
MASAO HONDA, TOSHIAKI SHINOHARA1986 Volume 32 Issue 2 Pages 114-122
Published: April 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe study aims at demonstration of fecal pollution indicator by analysis of the steroids found in human, pig, and cattle feces. The chloromethyldimethylchlorosilane (CMDS)-derivatives of the fecal stanols were specifically separated on Florisil column chromatography by elution with n-hexane containing 0.5% ethyl ether (Fraction 1). GC analysis revealed that Fraction 1 had mainly four components, named as Peak (1)-Peak (4). These components were subsequently identified as coprostanol (Peak (1)), and tentatively as methylcoprostanol (Peak (2)), 24-ethyl-5β-cholesten-3β-ol (Peak (3)), ethylcoprostanol (Peak (4)) by mass fragment spectrometry (GC-MS). It was found that the peak height ratio (Peak (4)/Peak (1)) was characteristically different among animal species, suggesting useful indicator of fucal pollution. Mean values of the ratio were given as 0.167 (γ, 0.767 ; n, 40) for human, 0.569 (γ, 0.703 ; n, 45) for pig, 1.33 (γ, 0.944 ; n, 32) for cow, 1.65 (γ, 0.651 ; n, 10) for ox, and 1.12 (γ, 0.974 ; n, 10) for Japanese cattle.View full abstractDownload PDF (752K) -
KATSUHIKO NAKAMURO, YASUYOSHI SAYATO1986 Volume 32 Issue 2 Pages 123-127
Published: April 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe forms of chromium and the interaction of radiolabelled chromium chloride and sodium chromate with the constituents of red blood cells and plasma in vivo and in vitro were investigated by Sephadex gel chromatographic techniques. The major chemical form in plasma treated with trivalent chromium was chromium-binding protein, and that in plasma treated with hexavalent chromium was a low molecular chromum complex possessing high ability to permeate through the red cell membrane. The form of chromium in stroma-free hemolysate after hexavalent chromium treatment was considered to be a chromium complex which bound easily to hemoglobin. After trivalent chromium treatment, a chromium complex binding easily to higher molecular proteins than hemoglobin was found in stroma-free hemolysate.View full abstractDownload PDF (577K) -
KUNIAKI KAWATA, KUNIO OZAKI, HIROMI YOKOYAMA1986 Volume 32 Issue 2 Pages 128-131
Published: April 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA gas chromatographic (ECD) determination of volatile halogenated hydrocarbons, i.e. trichloroethylene (TCE), tetrachloroethylene (PCE) and 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane (MCF) in soil and sediment was investigated. To 20 g of the soil or sediment in a 500 ml flask was added 5 g of copper sulfate, 5 ml of hexane and 200 ml of distilled water. The flask was connected to an improved essential oil distillator added with a small amount of distilled water and heated gently until the hexane was distilled to the distillator, then continued to heat for 90 minutes. After cooling to room temperature, the hexane extract was transferred to a test tube and the distillator was washed with a small amount of hexane. The hexane was added to the extract and the combined extract was adjusted to 10 ml for gas chromatographic determination. The recovery rates from soil and sediment were 86-90% for TCE, 92-98% for PCE and 84-88% for MCF. The minimum determinable amounts of TCE, PCE and MCF were 0.01, 0.003 and 0.003 μg/g, respectivery. This method was applied to determine TCE, PCE and MCF in soil and sediment sampled from factories by using TCE or MCE.View full abstractDownload PDF (454K)
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