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Volume 28 (1982)
- Issue 6 Pages 291-
- Issue 5 Pages 233-
- Issue 4 Pages 171-
- Issue 3 Pages 119-
- Issue 2 Pages 31-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 28, Issue 5
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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IKUO YAMAMOTO, HIDETOSHI YOSHIMURA1982 Volume 28 Issue 5 Pages 233-248
Published: October 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis review is concerned primarily with our recent papers which have been published or presented since 1978. Especially, metabolic conversion of Δ8-THC to Δ8-THC-11-oic acid and to 8α, 9α-epoxyhexahydrocannabinol (8α, 9α-EHHC) and their pharmacological implications are described. Liver microsomes catalyze formation of 11-OH-Δ8-THC from Δ8-THC, 11-oxo-Δ8-THC from 11-OH-Δ8-THC, and 8α, 9α-EHHC from Δ8-THC. The involvement of cytochrome P-450 in these reactions were suggested in vivo as well as in vitro. 11-OH-Δ8-THC was detected and determined as a metabolite in vivo of Δ8-THC in the liver and brain of mice. 11-OH-Δ8-THC, when administered to mice, showed higher distribution in the brain as compared with Δ8-THC. Pharmacological activities of 11-OH-Δ8-THC, 11-oxo-Δ8-THC, Δ8-THC-11-oic acid, 8α, 9α-EHHC, 8β, 9β-EHHC, 9α, 10α-EHHC and 8β, 9α-di OH-HHC were compared with that of Δ8-THC using mice. Pharmacological effect of 11-OH-Δ8-THC, 11-oxo-Δ8-THC, 8β, 9β-EHHC and 9α, 10α-EHHC were more potent than that of Δ8-THC in the cataleptogenic, hypothermic, pentobarbital-induced sleep prolonging, and anticonvulsant effects. Daily administration of 11-OH-Δ8-THC or 11-oxo-Δ8-THC as well as Δ8-THC quickly induced tolerance to their hypothermic and pentobarbital-induced sleep-prolonging effects. The LD50s of 11-OH-Δ8-THC, 11-oxo-Δ8-THC and Δ8-THC-11-oic acid are larger than that of Δ8-THC.View full abstractDownload PDF (1607K) -
TOSHIO MAKI1982 Volume 28 Issue 5 Pages 249-258
Published: October 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSignificant advances have been made over the past decade in the occurrences and methodology for the analysis of food and environment samples for volatile and non-volatile N-nitrosamines. Procedure for the isolation, clean-up, concentration, separation, detection, quantitation, and confirmation were developed and applied to a wide range of these samples. However, further development of methodology and occurrence from these samples for nonvolatile N-nitroso compounds is needed. The occurrence of volatile N-nitrosamine in these samples have been investigated in the countries all over the world, and estimated the average daily intake of N-nitrosamine from the typical Japanese foods which were collected from retailers in Tokyo and the problems of the in vivo formation of N-nitrosamine in man after ingestion of the meal is also discussed. This review paper discusses some of the cancer and its topics related to the occurrence and the exposure to N-nitroso compounds.View full abstractDownload PDF (979K) -
HIDEO ISONO, SHUICHI MIYAURA, TOSHIKO KUBOTA1982 Volume 28 Issue 5 Pages 259-266
Published: October 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was carried out in order to develop a method for monitoring glutathione S-transferase activity toward aliphatic compounds2) in fractions of biological protein samples obtained by column chromagraphy. Microcolumns of activated carbon (8 mm long, 7 mm in diameter, smaller than 200 mesh, 80 mg) were used for the separation of glutathione conjugates, which were formed by incubating an aliphatic substrate with rat liver enzyme solutions fractionated by DEAE- or CM-cellulose column chromatography. Subsequently about 90 sample solutions obtained from the microcolumns were all subjected to thin-layer chromatography. After staining of the chromatograms with Ninhydrin reagent, the line of spots corresponding to the glutathione conjugate was scanned on a densitometer. The enzyme activity curve obtained by densitometry was confirmed to represent the glutathione S-transferase activity by comparing the results with those of conventional spectrophotometric assays employing 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene as the substrate.View full abstractDownload PDF (866K) -
RYOJI SAWAMURA, EIKO SAKURAI, MIEKO YAMAMOTO, MARIKO TACHIKAWA, AKIRA ...1982 Volume 28 Issue 5 Pages 267-273
Published: October 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the reaction of hypochlorite with amino acids, chloramine is formed at the first stage, and then decarboxylation and oxidation occur. Thus, either corresponding aldehyde and ammonia or corresponding nitrile is formed from amino acids. In the present studies, the products in the reaction mixture of glycine with hypochlorite at neutral condition are determined quantitatively. When the molar ratio of hypochlorite to glycine was less than 1, the residual chlorine and glycine were stable in the reaction mixture ; thus no ammonia and no aldehyde were formed. At the molar ratio ranging from 1 to 3, cyanide and cyanogen chloride were produced. Maximum formation of cyanide was observed at the ratio of about 2, but its yield was only 20% of glycine. When hypochlorite reacted on glycine at the molar ratio of 3, cyanogen chloride was produced in a quantitative yield. Cyanogen chloride was degraded by subsequent addition of excess hypochlorite. From these results, it is concluded that the nitrile formation is a main reaction of glycine with hypochlorite.View full abstractDownload PDF (758K) -
TOSHIYASU MATSUOKA, TOSHIYUKI MITSUI, YOSHIKAZU FUJIMURA1982 Volume 28 Issue 5 Pages 274-278
Published: October 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSKetamine·HCl or quinine·HCl forms an ion-association complex with ion association reagents such as tropaeoline 00 and erio green B, and the complex can be extracted into dichloromethane. The concentration of ketamine·HCl or quinine HCl in aqueous solution is determined by measuring the absorbance of extracts at 543 nm (ketamine·HCl) or 637 nm (quinine·HCl). Calibration curve obeyed to Beer's law in the range of 1.82×10-8 to 2.55×10-7 mol/ml (ketamine·HCl) or 2.52×10-9 to 6.30×10-8 mol/ml (quinine·HCl), respectively. The determination procedure is as follows : 1 ml of sample solution, 1 ml of 2.72×10-6 mol/ml (tropaeoline 00) or 2.28×10-6 mol/ml (erio green B) reagent, 2 ml of Britton-Robinson buffer solution, and 5 ml of dichloromethane are placed in a 15 ml of test tube. A mixture is shaken for 3 min mechanically and allowed to stand for 30 min. Absorbance of the dichloromethane layer is measured at 637 nm for the determination of quinine·HCl. For ketamine HCl, to 2 ml of dichloromethane layer, 0.5 ml of 10% hydrochloric acid methanol solution is added, and the absorbance is measured at 543 nm. The proposed method is simple, rapid, and useful for the determination of small amounts of the ketamine·HCl or quinine·HCl. No interference was observed with Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe3+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Co2+, Al8+, Zn2+, NO3-, Cl-, glucose and lactose for the determination of ketamine·HCl or quinine·HCl.View full abstractDownload PDF (514K) -
YASUSHI TAKEDA, FUKUO ABE, KEIJIRO SAMEJIMA1982 Volume 28 Issue 5 Pages 279-281
Published: October 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe concentrations of spermidine and spermine, possible precursors of the N-nitrosamines, in uncooked foods were fluorometrically determined by thin-layer chromatography. The levels of the polyamines were determined in 6 kinds of meat and poultry, 10 kinds of fish and shellfish, and 9 kinds of vegetables and fruits. More than 100 nmol/g of spermidine and/or spermine was found in meat, poultry, oyster, cod roe, and green vegetables.View full abstractDownload PDF (385K) -
MOTOICHI MIYAZAKI, KAZUICHI HAYAKAWA, HISAE IIDA, CHIZUKO FUJII1982 Volume 28 Issue 5 Pages 282-285
Published: October 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA simple method by using a column packed with Amberlyst-15 resin was established to remove metal ions which affect on POV and TBA tests for lipid peroxidation. A methanol solution (2 ml) of lipid containing metal ions was applied to the column (0.5 cm×5 cm), and eluted with methanol (6 ml). Metal ions such as Cu2+, Fe3+ and Mn2+ were retained on the column, whereas linoleic acid, linolenic acid and methyl linolenate were completely recovered in the eluate (8 ml). By testing the peroxidized lipid with POV and TBA methods, the recoveries of the lipid mixture after the procedure were more than 85% (POV) and more than 99% (TBA). This pretreatment by using Amberlyst-15 column is available for the peroxidation tests of lipid.View full abstractDownload PDF (489K) -
KEIKO NAKAJIMA, TOSHIKO YASUDA1982 Volume 28 Issue 5 Pages 286-290
Published: October 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA method for the simultaneous determination of dl-methylephedrine hydrochloride (ME-H) and dihydrocodeine phosphate (DC-P) in antitussive syrups by using high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) was described. A sample solution for HPLC was prepared as follows. A sample syrup was poured into cation exchange resin column (Amberlite CG 50 NH4 type, 1 cm i.d.×8 cm). After washing the column with water, ME-H and DC-P were eluted with 0.1 N HCl. The eluate was alkalized and extracted with chloroform. The chloroform solution was evaporated to dryness and the residue was dissolved in methanol containing acetaminophen as an internal standard. An aliquot of the sample solution was injected into HPLC equipped with UV-254 nm detector. dl-Methylephedrine and dihydrocodeine were separated on a styrene-divinyl benzene copolymer column (4 mm i.d.×15 cm) by using ammonia-methanol (1 : 99, v/v) as a mobile phase. By washing the cation exchange resin column sufficiently, influence of caffeine on the recovery of DC-P was removed. This procedure was found to be applicable to almost all commercial syrups and to give satisfactory accuracy.View full abstractDownload PDF (575K)
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