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Volume 26 (1980)
- Issue 6 Pages 275-
- Issue 5 Pages 205-
- Issue 4 Pages 145-
- Issue 3 Pages 107-
- Issue 2 Pages 55-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 26, Issue 2
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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TAKAWO TSUCHIYA1980 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 55-62
Published: April 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTotal Emission Control System of water quality was provided in 1978. The objective of this system is to control the pollution loading amount flowing in wide and closed water area and to keep it under the constant level required for environmental improvement. Without this system, the load will be surely increasing. On the basic policy of Government in 1979, the pollution loading amount in terms of COD in Inland Sea of Seto, Ise Bay and Tokyo Bay will decrease by 1984 below the level of 92.6%, 90.8% and 91.4% of the present amount. This system will be applied to such plants exhausting waste water beyond 50 m3 per day as a sewerage treatment plant, a community plant, a milk plant, a natural science college and institute.View full abstractDownload PDF (1004K) -
RYOJI SAWAMURA1980 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 63-73
Published: April 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSKnowledges on the mechanisms of disinfecting action by chlorine is still on the early stage of the investigation. The action varies with the classes of microorganisms, such as vegetative bacteria, spores, viruses, and amoebic cysts. In some reports, it is discussed that the effectiveness of N-chloramine to the disinfection is based on the amount of HOCl formed by dissociation, but in some experiments, it is proved that N-chloramine attacks microorganisms directly without dissociation. In order to know the mechanisms of the disinfecting action precisely, it is considered to be necessary to study the reactivity of active chlorine on various nitrogenous compounds, nucleic acids, amino acids, proteins, enzymes, and the like. According to the results obtained by present author's research on various N-chloramines, it is hard to draw a distinct line between free and combined chlorine. As the methods for fractional determination of available chlorine, DPD method, neutral ortho-tolidine method, and amperometric method are in practical use. The available chlorine of N-chloro-compound is differentiated into free or combined chlorine by these methods, but the end points of each fraction are not always adequately sharp, so that some confusions are caused for the evaluation of the data. The reactions between chlorine and nitrogenous compounds are reviewed here from a novel point of view.View full abstractDownload PDF (1190K) -
TOHORU TATSUHARA, FUMIE TABUCHI, JUNKO WATANABE, SUMIE NAKASHIMA, SAKI ...1980 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 74-76
Published: April 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFormaldehyde reacts with ammonia to give hexamethylenetetramine, which is so less toxic compound as to be employed orally or intravenously in medicine. The treatment of waste formalin by use of the above reaction was studied. When ammonia, the molar ratio of which to formaldehyde in waste formalin was in the range from 2/3 to 2, was added to the waste formalin and adjusted to pH 8.5, the residual concentration of formaldehyde decreased from 92000 ppm to 30 ppm or less after 24 hours. No significant changes in pH before and after the treatment were observed.View full abstractDownload PDF (435K) -
YOSHITERU TSUCHIYA, KOICHI SHUDO, TOSHIHIKO OKAMOTO1980 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 77-83
Published: April 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOdorous compounds produced from the aquatic microorganisms in the river, lake, pond and moat in Tokyo metropolitan area were studied. The water samples collected from fifteen stations in them and the tap waters of seven stations were examined by massfragmentography of gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS). Odorous compounds from the culture media of Actinomycetes and Blue-green algae, which were isolated from the waters or the bottom sediments, were also identified by GC-MS. As a result of the micro quantitative analyses of these odorous compounds, 2-methylisoborneol was found in the water samples of all stations in the range of a trace to 4.9μg/l and also detected in the tap water in the range of 0.01 to 0.20μg/l. Geosmin was found in the samples of the five stations in the range of 0.01 to 0.03μg/l. 2-Methylisoborneol from four species and geosmin from other two species were identified in the Blue-green algae isolated from the water samples in Tokyo metropolitan area. It was noticed that both odorous compounds grew out of ten strains of Actinomycetes isolated from the bottom sediments of Chidorigafuchi at the moat of the imperial palace.View full abstractDownload PDF (855K) -
RYOTA SHINOHARA, AZUMA KIDO, SHUICHI ETO, TEIJI HORI, MINORU KOGA, TAK ...1980 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 84-91
Published: April 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe concentration method of volatile organic compounds in tap water by using Amberlite XAD-4 resin was developed for GC-MS analysis. Averages of elution recovery of six kinds of chlorinated hydrocarbons by using ether from the XAD-4 resin (20-50 mesh) column (500×8 mm) were 92% and 84% at high concentration levels (2.35-6.40 mg/l) and low concentration levels (0.32-1650μg/l), respectively. This extraction method was applied to real water samples. Volatile compounds were eluted into a glass minivial with 14 ml of ether after passing 200 l of tap water through the XAD-4 resin column. The ether was evaporated and concentrated to 1 ml by using a stream (200 ml/min) of clean nitrogen gas under cooling by dry ice. Volatile compounds were separated with PEG 6000 or OV-17 GC column and analyzed by GC-MS. As a result, various organic compounds such as trihalomethanes and volatile hydrocarbons were found in tap water.View full abstractDownload PDF (750K) -
KIKUO KOBAYASHI, HISASHI TANAKA, HAJIME NUMATA1980 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 92-98
Published: April 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA method for the determination of nonionic surfactant (Cobalt Thiocyanate Active Substances, CTAS and polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ethers) in environmental samples has been developed. Nonionic surfactant in a water sample was extracted in a stripping apparatus (Sublator) with ethyl acetate while passing nitrogen stream, and the clean-up procedure was carried out with a silica gel column by use of chloroform as mobile phase, and then the nonionic surfactant was eluted with methanol or with methanol-chloroform mixture (1 : 25). After having been passed through cationic and anionic ion-exchange resin column, the eluate containing the nonionic surfactant was determined by colorimetry of cobaltothiocyanate method with polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether (EO : 9.00) as standard substance. When this method was applied to river waters and waste waters in 15 districts throughout Japan, CTAS was detected in 26 samples of river water among 87 (the maximum content : 500μg/l) and 3 samples of waste water among 15 (1080μg/l). Furthermore, the content of CTAS was about 1/10 to that of Methylene Blue Active Substances, and about 79 percent of the content was polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ethers.View full abstractDownload PDF (691K) -
YASUYOSHI SAYATO, KATSUHIKO NAKAMURO1980 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 99-102
Published: April 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChromosomal aberrations induced by simultaneous treatment with mercury compound and selenium compound in human lymphocyte cultures were studied. When cultures were treated with methylmercuric chloride (MMC) or mercuric chloride alone, MMC showed higher activity for chromosome damage than mercuric chloride. Regarding effects of selenium compounds on the chromosomal aberrations induced by mercury compounds, selenious acid showed a marked protection effect against chromosome breakage by MMC or mercuric chloride. However, sodium selenate enhanced the chromosome-breaking activity of MMC and mercuric chloride. On the other hand, MMC or mercuric chloride showed a protective effect against chromosome breakage by selenious acid. Mercuric chloride was more protective than MMC to human lymphocytes.View full abstractDownload PDF (510K) -
MASAO SATO, YASUSHI NAGAI1980 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 103-105
Published: April 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMale Wistar rats were injected with 1.5 mg Cd/kg/day subcutaneously for six days. Four days after the last injection, the liver tissues were removed and homogenized. The homogenate was centrifuged at 27000×g for 60 min and the resultant precipitate was homogenized and further centrifuged twice. Surfactants such as Triton X-100, sodium deoxycholate and sodium dodecyl sulfate solubilized a Cd-containing component from the precipitate. The solubilized Cd-containing component was gelfiltrated on Sephadex G-75. Cadmium in the subcellular particle was mainly eluted as metallothionein.View full abstractDownload PDF (449K)
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