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HISAO MATSUMOTO, SACHIKO MIYAZIMA
1982 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
1-7
Published: February 28, 1982
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Determination of NO
-2-N and NO
-3-N in water samples was achieved by using a sulfanilamide diazotation method after reduction with zinc powder. A 10 ml water sample was sufficient for colorimetric analysis. A volume of 2.5 ml of 50% CH
3COONa (pH 7.5) is adequate when NO
-3-N is reduced with zinc powder. Nearly complete recovery of NO
-3-N was confirmed from the overlap of calibration curves, and NO
-3-N could be obtained from the difference between total nitrogen and NO
-2-N. Complete decomposition of NO
-2-N coexisting with NO
-3-N could be carried out at pH below 3 in a boiling water bath, and remaining NO
-3-N could be determined without interference. Copper levels higher than 0.5 ppm interfered with the determination and should be removed by treatment with ion exchange resin. By this method, as little as 0.01 ppm NO
-2-N or NO
-3-N in environmental water samples can be determined with good recovery.
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MASAKI SHINOGI, MIYUKI NAKAZAWA, ITSUHIKO MORI
1982 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
8-12
Published: February 28, 1982
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The relationship between the amount of injected Cd and the bound metal concentrations of rat hepatic metallothionein (MT) was investigated. Rats were injected subcutaneously with 0.1, 0.3, 0.6 or 1.2 mg Cd (single injection) or 0.1 mg Cd 3, 6 or 12 times on successive days (plural injection). When the MT induced by single injection was compared with that induced by plural injection, there was no difference in the total concentration of three bound metals (Cd, Cu and Zn) though there were small differences in the concentration of each metal in the MT injection of the same amount of Cd. The total bound metal concentration increased and each metal content ratio changed depending on the total amount of injected Cd. Due to turnover, the content ratios of Cd and Zn in the MT became lower and higher than those in the initial induced MT, respectively, and the total bound metal concentration decreased.
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HIROSHI MIZUNUMA, YASUKO HIRAYAMA, SATORU SAKURAI, NOBUO IKEKAWA
1982 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
13-17
Published: February 28, 1982
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A standard procedure for the analysis of nicotine in biological fluid was investigated by gas chromatography and GC-MS system. A column of Extrelut (Merck) was used for the extraction of nicotine in the urine and plasma. A mixture of dichloromethane and isopropanol (85 : 15) was used as an eluent. Quinoline and D
2-nicotine were used as an internal standard for GC determination and mass fragmentographic determination, respectively. The concentration of nicotine in the urine was 0.64-1.64 μg/ml for smokers and 0.07-0.17 μg/ml for non-smokers. The concentration in the plasma was 5.9 ng/ml for smokers and 1.3-3.5 ng/ml for non-smokers.
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HIROSHI SEKITA, MITSUHARU TAKEDA, MITSURU UCHIYAMA, TOYOZO KANEKO
1982 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
18-22
Published: February 28, 1982
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Male mice were maintained on the diet containing 20 and 100 ppm of polychlorinated terphenyls (PCT) for 20 months, and PCT accumulated in liver, kidney, brain, skin and adipose tissue were analyzed at the end of 12 th and 18 th months. It was observed that PCT tended to accumulate in higher concentration in liver than in adipose tissue by the feeding for 12 months but tendency was reversed after the feeding for 18 months. The net weight of PCT accumulated in mouse liver increased continuously throughout the feeding period in the 100 ppm dietary level, while, it decreased significantly at the later period of feeding at 20 ppm. Based on the statistical analyses of the results obtained from all individual mice, it was found that PCT concentration in adipose tissue was correlated well with that in liver, kidney, skin and brain, respectively.
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TOSHIYASU MATSUOKA, TOSHIYUKI MITSUI
1982 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
23-25
Published: February 28, 1982
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The method of selective extraction of paraquat was investigated by the use of diamine green B (ion association reagent). The recommended procedures are as follows : To 2 ml of the aqueous solution of sample is added 2 ml of the aqueous solution of diamine green B (13.617 mg/ml) and 2 ml of acetone. After standing for 1 min, the mixture is filtered. The precipitate is washed with 100 ml of water-acetone (2 : 1). To the precipitate together with the filter paper, 30 ml of 10 N hydrochloric acid is added and the mixture is boiled. After cooling, the solution is filtered to remove diamine green B and the filter paper. Paraquat in the filtrate is determined by spectrophotometry. The paraquat in green tea, human urine, and milk was analyzed by this method. But paraquat in the blood could not be determined because of the existence of interfering substances.
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TOSHIYASU MATSUOKA, TOSHIYUKI MITSUI
1982 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
26-29
Published: February 28, 1982
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The ion association reagents are used for screening test of methamphetamine in the human urine. The ion-associate of methamphetamine with bromocresol green (BCG), chrome azurol S (CAB), eriochrome Black T (EBT), erio green B (EGB), orange IV (AY), or zincon (Z) is extracted with organic solvent. The color of ion-associate in organic solvent suggests the presence of methamphetamine. Then, the extraction rate (recovery percentage) of ion-associate in organic solvent is examined by gas chromatography. The experimental procedure is as follows : Two ml of organic solvent containing ion-associate is added to 1 ml of a mixture of hydrochloric acid and methanol (1 : 4), and evaporated on hotplate at 150°C. To the residue is added 0.5 ml of trifluoroacetic anhydride, and the trifluoroacetyl derivatives of methamphetamine is quantitatively analyzed by gas chromatography. The result indicated that 4-methyl-2-pentanone was the best reagent for the extraction of methamphetamine, although this solvent was colored by urine sample which did not contain methamphetamine. The best organic solvents for the reagent in screening test of methamphetamine in the urine are dichloromethane for BCG, CAB, EBT, and EGB, 1, 2-dichloroethane for AY, and chloroform for Z, respectively.
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KATSUHIKO NAKAMURO
1982 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
P1-P9
Published: February 28, 1982
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Reaction mechanism of humic acids of different origins with chlorine were studied. Volatile chlorinated substances produced by chlorination of humic acid were identified, and possible formation mechanism of one of these substances, chloropicrin, was investigated. Two kinds of humic acids showed different patterns of formation of chloroform and the other chlorinated substances under various conditions for chlorination. High performance liquid chromatography, Sephadex gel chromatography and infrared spectrophotometry of humic acid and chlorinated one demonstrated that these differences are derived from different functional groups in a molecule of humic acid, and that, in addition, humic acid is decomposed to lower molecular weight substances having molecular weight of about several thousands and higher chloroform formation potential. Volatile chlorinated substances were identified to be chloropicrin and carbon tetrachloride besides chloroform by GC-MS with a computerized data system. Precursors for the chloropicrin formation were amino acids such as alanine, threonine, ornithine, glutamic acid and glycine ; nitro- or nitrosophenols ; nitro- or nitrosoresorcinols ; nitromethane and nitroethane. Chloropicrin was produced by chlorination of humic acid and resorcinol in the presence of nitrite. As for mechanism of chloropicrin formation by chlorination of resorcinol in the presence of nitrite, it was recognized that nitroso-substitution of resorcinol occurred in the presence of nitrite and produces nitrosoresorcinol, which was oxidized to nitroresorcinol with hypochlorite, and finally nitroresorcinol formed chloropicrin by the method of the Rook's reaction of chloroform formation from resorcinol.
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TETSUYA ISHIKAWA
1982 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
P10-P15
Published: February 28, 1982
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The precursors of trihalomethane (THM) in aquatic environment were studied. Water samples were collected from 24 points of the Nagara River and the potentials of THM formation were examined. THM was formed even in the water from unpolluted upper streams, and from the middle points of the river near Gifu city the potentials gradually increased. Bromine compounds increased remarkably at the mouth of the river. After allowed to stand the chlorianted sample for 7 days, the amounts of bromoform incresed. River water was fractionated by Sephadex G-50. The potentials THM formation were larger at lower molecular fractions than at higher molecular ones. Humic substances were extracted from leaf mold with distilled water and fulvic acid was fractionated to 4 fractions by molecular weight. In fulvic acid fraction of the above M. W. 1000, both KMnO
4 and chlorine consumption had good correlation with the amounts of chloroform formed. From the effluents of night soil treatment plant, bath water and swimming pool water, chloroform was formed. Hymatomelanic acid methanol-water soluble substances were considerd to be important precursors in the effluent. The main precursor at the upper stream of the river is considered to be humic substances made from leaf mold, and those at middle and down stream to be domestic wastes, effluent from night soil treatment plant, industrial effluent, etc,
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MASASHI KAJINO
1982 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
P16-P20
Published: February 28, 1982
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The formation of trihalomethanes in the water treatment process starts directly after the injection of chlorine, and it increases with the passage of time. A seasonal change was recognized with a large formation quantity at a high water temperature in summer and a low one at a low water temperature in winter. The color component in the raw water of the Yodo-river is mainly fulvic acid, and as the formation potential increases with increasing turbidity from the runoff, it can be assumed that the trihalomethane precursors in the Yodo-river are mainly humines. The form of residual chlorine is very important for the trihalomethane formation reaction. Formation occurs in the presence of free chlorine, while trihalomethanes are not formed with monochloramine. When chlorination of humines together with ammonia nitrogen is executed, reaction occurs first with ammonia rather than with humines, and monochloramine is formed. However, at the ratio of the chlorine-ammonia forming dichloramine, the reaction speed of chlorine and humic acid is as fast as that of monochloramine with chlorine for the formation of dichloramine, so that the formation of trihalomethanes occurs. The reaction speed, however, is slower than that of free chlorine.
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MOTOWO TOMITA, HITOSHI MANABE, KIKUKO HONMA, AKIRA HAMADA
1982 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
P21-P27
Published: February 28, 1982
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Since 1, 3-diketones and 1, 3-dihydroxybenzenes readily produce chloroform by aqueous chlorination, these compounds are suitable as model compounds for the elucidation of the reaction mechanism of trihalomethane formation in drinking water. When 1, 3-diketones such as acetylacetone and 1, 3-cyclohexanedione were treated with chlorine in phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), chlorine was almost exclusively consumed for the production of chloroform and nonchlorinated carboxylic acids. This results indicated that chlorination of 1, 3-diketones proceeds via a haloform-type reaction. On the other hand, chlorination of 1, 3-dihydroxybenzenes such as resorcinol and quercetin proceeded via complex pathways, and various chlorinated compounds were found in the reaction mixture. In order to elucidate this reaction mechanism in detail, we used naphthoresorcinol as a model compound, because all of the chlorination products could be detected by ultraviolet light absorption. The following compounds were identified as the products ; phthalic acid, homophthalic acid, phthalide, 3-chloro-1, 2-indanedione, 3, 3-dichloro-1, 2-indanedione, 2, 3-dichloroindenone, and 2, 2-dichloronaphthoresorcinol. Yields of these products varied by the changes of pH, temperature, and the amount of chlorine added.
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KUMIKO SASAKI, MITSUHARU TAKEDA, MITSURU UCHIYAMA
1982 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
P32
Published: February 28, 1982
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AKIRA HIRATSUKA, TOSHIKO AIZAWA, NAOKI OZAWA, MASAKAZU ISOBE, TADASHI ...
1982 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
P34
Published: February 28, 1982
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SHOZO FUKUI, TERUHISA HIRAYAMA, MOTOSHI NOHARA, YOSHIHIKO SAKAGAMI
1982 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
P35
Published: February 28, 1982
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YOSHIYUKI NAKAMURA, HARUO FUKUSHIMA, NOBORU AOKI, ISAO TOMITA, NAOMICH ...
1982 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
P36
Published: February 28, 1982
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IKUO WADA, NOBUYUKI KOGA, KIYOSHI NAGATA, HIDETOSHI YOSHIMURA, HIROAKI ...
1982 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
P37
Published: February 28, 1982
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RYOJI SAWAMURA, EIKO SAKURAI, MIEKO KINOSITA, MARIKO TACHIKAWA, AKIRA ...
1982 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
P38
Published: February 28, 1982
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YUKO KOYAMA, YASUO NAKAZAWA
1982 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
P39
Published: February 28, 1982
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FUMI TADA, SHIZUO SUZUKI
1982 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
P41
Published: February 28, 1982
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AKIO KAMIYA, YOUKI OSE
1982 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
P42
Published: February 28, 1982
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ATSUKO ADACHI, TADASHI KOBAYASHI
1982 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
P43
Published: February 28, 1982
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NORITO WATANABE, YUTAKA YASUDA, TETUO NAKAMURA, KOHEI SHIMOKAWA, YOUKI ...
1982 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
P44
Published: February 28, 1982
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KATASHI KENMOTSU, KAZUYOSHI MATSUNAGA, TATSUO ISHIDA
1982 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
P45
Published: February 28, 1982
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SUKEO ONODERA, SHUICHI WAKABAYASHI, TADASHI OGAWA, NOBORU FURUKAWA, SH ...
1982 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
P46
Published: February 28, 1982
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HAJIME NUMATA, EIKO AMEMIYA
1982 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
P47
Published: February 28, 1982
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JUN KAWADA, MIKIO NISHIDA, YOSHIYUKI YOSHIMURA
1982 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
P49
Published: February 28, 1982
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AKIRA NAGANUMA, YASUHIRO ISHII, NOBUMASA IMURA
1982 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
P51
Published: February 28, 1982
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TATSURO MIYAHARA, YOSHINORI OH-E, TOSHI KOMURASAKI, HIROSHI KOZUKA
1982 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
P52
Published: February 28, 1982
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MICHIKO SAKAMOTO, KEIKO KAWAHARA, TAKASHI KUSHIHATA
1982 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
P53
Published: February 28, 1982
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MOTOYASU OHSAWA, KAZUE SATO, KAZUKO TAKAHASHI, TAKAFUMI OCHI
1982 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
P54
Published: February 28, 1982
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KAZUO T. SUZUKI, RIKO OHNUKI, KUMIKO YAGUCHI, YASUKO K. YAMADA
1982 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
P56
Published: February 28, 1982
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TETSUYA NAKAI, NAOKATA TERADA, MASAHIRO YAMAGUCHI, AKIRA HATTA, KOJI A ...
1982 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
P57
Published: February 28, 1982
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YUTAKA WATANABE, FUMIO NONOMURA, NOBUYASU TANAHASHI, AKIRA SUGITANI
1982 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
P58
Published: February 28, 1982
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YASUNOBU SUKETA, MASAYUKI UJIIE, HAJIME HOSHI, SHOJI OKADA
1982 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
P59
Published: February 28, 1982
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SHIGERU SUZUKI, NOBUTOSHI SATO, KIYOSHI ISHIKAWA, KEIGO TAKATSUKI, ERI ...
1982 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
P60
Published: February 28, 1982
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NOBORU OKUBO, KAORU MATSUMOTO, YURIKO TSUCHIDA, MOTOICHI MIYAZAKI
1982 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
P61
Published: February 28, 1982
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TAKESHI MIKAMI, TATSUJI MATSUMOTO, TOSHIHIKO NAGASE, YASUSHI OKURA, MA ...
1982 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
P62
Published: February 28, 1982
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HIROHARU ABE, CHENGCHIN HSU, SHUHEI SAKAGUCHI, OSAMU SAKAGUCHI
1982 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
P63
Published: February 28, 1982
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YOSHITERU TSUCHIYA, ATSUHIKO MATSUMOTO, TOSHIHIKO OKAMOTO
1982 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
P64
Published: February 28, 1982
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SUMIO SHINODA, NORIKO NAKAHARA, KIYOMI ITOH, YOHKO NINOMIYA, YUKARI NA ...
1982 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
P65
Published: February 28, 1982
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