Analytical method for determination of aliphatic hydrocarbons in airborne particulates by glass capillary-column gas chromatography (GC) was investigated. Airborne particulate samples collected on glass fiber filters by high-volume air samplers were extracted with benzene and the aliphatic fraction was separated by silica gel column chromatography. In the aliphatic fraction, normal alkanes (C₁₅-C₃₄) were identified by GC-mass spectrometry and determined by glass capillary (support-coated open tubular) column GC. The normal alkanes were efficiently resolved on this column. Overall recoveries were 92.2-107.6% for C₁₉-C₃₂ and 67.1-85.8% for more volatile hydrocarbons of C₁₅-C₁₈. By this method, normal alkanes in airborne particulates were measured in the Kitakyushu district and found to be in the range of 0-41.7 μg/1000m³.

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Survey of sea water pollution along the seashore of Kei-yo industrial area (Chiba Prefecture) was carried out during 12 years from 1965 to 1976. Variations of pollution indicators at each sampling station with the lapse of four seasons and their behavior in Akashio (red tide), were examined. Maximum of sea water pollution was observed in the northeast Kei-yo industrial area. Seasonally, at summer, maximum of pH, COD, and SS, and minimum of NH₄-N, NO₂-N, and PO₄-P, were observed. In Akashio, the value of COD increased remarkably and NH₄-N, NO₂-N, and PO₄-P, decreased extremely.

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A systematic method for analysis of dieldrin, Eulan U-33, Mitin LA, and Mitin FF from wool fabrics, which are being used as the main mothproofing agents in Japan, was established. It was found that Eulan U-33, Mitin LA and Mitin FF are quantitatively extracted with ether from the 10% NaOH solution of wool fabrics, but further extraction with hexane is necessary for dieldrin. Dieldrin and Eulan U-33 were determined by injecting the extract into the electron capture detection gas chromatograph (ECD-GC) fitted with 2% OV-1 column. The extract was divided into two equal parts, the solvent was evaporated to dryness, and the residues were used to determine Mitin LA and Mitin FF. One of them was reacted with dimethyl sulfate in a basic medium and the resulting N-methyl compounds were determined by ECD-GC on 2% OV-1 column. The other was hydrolyzed with 10% NaOH under reflux and the resulting 3, 4-dichloroaniline was determined as its trifluoroacetamide by ECD-GC on 1% PEG-20 M column. The limits of determination were as follows : dieldrin, 0.02 μg/g ; Eulan U-33, 1 μg/g ; Mitin LA, 0.5 μg/g ; Mitin FF, 0.5 μg/g. The content of these mothproofing agents in 48 commercial wool products was determined.

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At present, there are about 90 thermal springs in Shirahama town and surrounding area. Springs of high temperature above 50°are distributed in the western beach of the town. The majority of springs, which have been found by boring since 1925, belong to the spouting type with a large amount of carbon dioxide gas. Continual natural issuing of thermal water is maintained by the spouting of a mixture of the gas and water due to the bubbling and expansion of dissolved carbon dioxide through rising of water from the underground. A large amount of calcareous sinter is formed after emergence of the water. The present status of thermal springs and chemical characteristics were examined, and the relationship between partial pressure (PCO₂) of carbon dioxide gas and spouting power of thermal water is discussed. PCO₂ can be calculated from pH, temperature, and bicarbonate ion content by using Eq. (7). It was found from this calculation that changes in PCO₂ or pH during ascent of thermal water in the spring well are closely related to the amount of flow or precipitation of calcareous sinter. Origin of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate ion is discussed from the analyses of chemical nature and the distribution of thermal water of bicarbonate type in southern Kii district.

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Characteristics of salt-water encroachment in Shirahama hot spring were clarified from the analyses of changes in both issuing state and in chemical components, and the mechanism of the intrusion of sea water were discussed from the analyses of changes in major component in the process of intrusion. The progress of salt-water encroachment was traced from the change of chlorine ion. The first step of the progress, which was shown by the marked increase of chlorine ion in some springs distributed on the coast since about 1937, is closely connected with the degassing caused by the discharge of a large amount of thermal water and carbon dioxide gas through many bored wells. The second step, which may be characterized as the after effect of the degassing in the first step, was the gradual progress of the intrusion of sea water since about 1950. Behavior of major components in the process of the intrusion was clarified as the increased potassium, calcium and bicarbonate ions, decreased magnesium and sulfate ions, and no marked change of sodium ion. It was deduced that the following reactions between sea water and surrounding rocks play an important role in changes of above components in the process of sea water intrusion : (a) Hydrothermal alterations with the fixation of magnesium ion and the release of potassium and calcium ions, (b) sulfate reduction with the emergence of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide, (c) formation of calcium sulfate (anhydrite), and (d) dissolution of calcium carbonate deposited in the strata.

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The change in the time course patterns of nitrite nitrogen content in the anaerobically treated activated sludge was investigated by changing the retention time in aeration tanks and the ratio of BOD to nitrogen content. 1) To treat the synthetic waste water, volumetric load was fixed at 0.54 kg-BOD/m⁸·day and retention time was changed from 3.7 to 54.5 hr. At any retention time, the activated sludges were in good condition and oxidative decomposition progressed. In this case, all the time course patterns belonged to type A. 2) In the case of BOD : N=100 : 2.9, sedimentation of the sludge became worse and BOD of the effluent increased. The time course patterns belonged to type D. In the case of BOD : N=100 : 11, the activated sludge was in good condition and the oxidative decomposition progressed. In this case, all the time course patterns belonged to type A. In the case of BOD : N=100 : 66, the content of NO₂-N, BOD, and COD of the effluent increased and the time course patterns changed from type A and B to type C as the condition of the activated sludge became worse.

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