All issues
Successor
Volume 34, Issue 1
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
ATSUKO ADACHI, TADASHI KOBAYASHI1988 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 1-9
Published: February 28, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWater pollution by detergents has become a serious problem. In 1984, the production of synthetic detergents and soap came up to 1300 thousand tons. Most detergents are discharged into public sewerage or public water system. Anionic and nonionic surfactants are major components of synthetic detergents. Determination of anionic and nonionic surfactants in environmental water is important in tracing possible pollution sources and protecting from water pollution by detergents. This review has been presented on the method for the determination of anionic and nonionic surfactants in water by colorimetry, gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, infrared spectrometry and atomic absorption spectrophotometry.View full abstractDownload PDF (947K) -
YUTAKA KIDO, HIROFUMI KODAMA, FUMINORI URAKI, MASARU UYEDA, MICHIO TSU ...1988 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 10-14
Published: February 28, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAerobes or facultative anaerobes able to degrade chlorhexidine or resistant to it were isolated from activated sludge. Most of these microorganisms were Gram-negative rods. Degradation of chlorhexidine was measured by using a high-performance liquid chromatographic assay, and growth of bacteria was measured by the Kennedy and Fewson method as protein. Chlorhexidine-degrading activity of isolates could be categorized into three distinct types. Two Gram-negative, motility-positive rods were shown to utilize chlorhexidine as a sole nitrogen source for growth. On the other hands, other strains did not utilize chlorhexidine, though they were resistant to it.View full abstractDownload PDF (522K) -
KEIKO NAKAJIMA, TOSHIKO YASUDA, SAWAKO OKUMA, HIROAKI KUBO, TOSHIO KIN ...1988 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 15-20
Published: February 28, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn extraction and clean-up flow system using continuous liquid-liquid partition and a disposable octadecyl silane cartridge was devised for the determination of preservatives in cosmetics. The system was applied to determine p-hydroxybenzoate esters (parabens) in cosmetics such as shampoos, hair rinses, creams, etc. containing surfactants which cause emulsification difficulties in the usual shaking extraction. Parabens were extracted with a steady stream of droplets of diethyl ether from a sample in a glass tube and purified by passing through a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge. High performance liquid chromatography was used for the determination. Parabens were separated on a Inertsil ODS column by using methanol-water (2 : 1, v/v) as a mobile phase and detected at 254 nm. The present method was found to be simple and rapid with sufficient accuracy and precision. It was applicable to determine parabens in cosmetics containing surfactants.View full abstractDownload PDF (722K) -
KAYOKO SHIMOI, YOSHIYUKI NAKAMURA, ISAO TOMITA1988 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 21-24
Published: February 28, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of cosmetic UV absorbers on UV-induced mutagenesis in E. coli B/r strains were studied. Among 8 substances tested, cinoxate (2-ethoxyethyl p-methoxycinnamate) enhanced UV (254 nm)-induced mutation at non-lethal toxic doses. This adverse effect was also observed when the mid and near-UV (295 nm-400 nm) irradiated cells of WP2 were used. This effect, however, was not observed in WP2s uvr A, a DNA excision repair deficient strain of E. coli B/r. It is thus assumed that cinoxate inhibited DNA excision repair system and consequently increased UV-induced mutation.View full abstractDownload PDF (531K) -
KAZUHITO WATABE, TSUTOMU NAKANISHI, JUN SHISHIDO, KEIKO MASUMOTO, AKIY ...1988 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 25-30
Published: February 28, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRain water (about 140 l), collected in suburban residential and downtown areas, was fractionated by column chromatography on Amberlite XAD-2 resin and silica gel. Trace amounts of organic compounds in rain water were identified by the use of a GC-MS-computer system combined with three-dimensional mass chromatography. Phthalate esters, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, higher fatty acids and their esters, and other aromatic derivatives were identified with high reliability.View full abstractDownload PDF (662K) -
HITOSHI TSUCHIHASHI, MICHIAKI TATSUNO, KAZUO OTSUKI1988 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 31-35
Published: February 28, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMethod for the analysis of paraquat and diquat with those oxidation products were studied by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Paraquat and diquat were easily oxidized by potassium ferricyanide in alkaline solution, and the former formed 1, 1'-dimethyl-4, 4'-bipyridyl-2, 2'-dione [I], the latter formed 6, 7-dihydrodipyrido [1, 2-a : 2', 1'-c] pyrazine-4, 9-dione [II]. Oxidative reaction of paraquat and diquat has been carried out in the stirred suspension of 1%-potassium ferricyanide in 9 N-sodium hydroxide at room temperature over 1 min. These oxidation products were determined by HPLC using a reversed phase column packed with Shim-pack CLC-ODS (6.0 mm i.d.×0.15 m) and an ionpairing reagent as a mobile phase with a fluorescence spectroscopic detector. The mobile phase consisted of 0.001 M sodium 1-octanesulfonate in 10% acetonitrile-10 mM phosphate buffer (pH 2.6). The calibration curves gave a good linearity in the range of 0.1-10μg/ml on paraquat and 0.3-10μg/ml on diquat. These oxidation products were separated on silica gel thin-layer chromatogram with a solvent system consisting of chloroform-acetone-methanol (8 : 1 : 1). Rf values of I and II were 0.47 and 0.64, respectively. Detection limits of paraquat and diquat were 20 ng and 10 ng, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (581K) -
HISAYA TERADA, YOSHIO SAKABE1988 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 36-40
Published: February 28, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA simple and reliable method for the determination of amygdalin (AM) in ume (Japanese apricot) extract by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was investigated. The sample was extracted with hot water (80°C) and cleaned up by use of C18 and NH2 Sep Pak cartridge. The sample solution was chromatographed on a LiChrosorb NH2 column with a mobile solvent of acetonitrile-water (43 : 7). AM was detected with a UV monitor set at 210 nm. The peak corresponding to AM was able to be confirmed by the treatment with emulsin. By this method, the recoveries of AM were over 92.5% and the coefficients of variation (C.V.) were less than 5% at levels of 100μg/g and 1000μg/g. The detection limit corresponded to 20μg/g of AM in ume extract. Analyses of 6 commercial ume extracts revealed 53-1207μg/g of AM in all samples.View full abstractDownload PDF (584K) -
MASAOMI KONDO, TSUTOMU NISHIHARA, TAKAMITSU SHIMAMOTO, TOMIO ICHIKAWA, ...1988 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 41-47
Published: February 28, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs one of the screening test methods for the degradation of chemicals in water, the photoirradiation test method was developed by using the equipment illustrated in Fig. 1. After quartz tubes (content : 13×100 mm) containing diluted solutions of test chemicals with water or ethanol/water (5 ml) are sealed with stoppers, they are fixed in the equipment at 1/4 slope at 30 cm distance from the light source (two fluorochemical lamps : 20 W×2) and irradiated with shaking at 25°C at 100 rpm (amplitude : 7 cm). At appropriate times during irradiation, the remaining amounts of chemicals in the tubes are determined. The degradability is judged from the time required for 50% degradation.View full abstractDownload PDF (735K) -
TOHRU KISHI, DAITA NADANO, HIROSI OHKI1988 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 48-51
Published: February 28, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNeutron activation analysis using 75Ge (half life 82.8 min, 265 keV) was applied for the determination of microgram quantities of germanium. The each sample was irradiated for 10 min in irradiation cave in a thermal neutron flux (0.8×1012 n cm-2 s-1). After 2 h-cooling, gamma-rays were counted for 500 s with a Ge (Li) detector, (resolution, 1.9keV at 1332 keV), which was connected with a pulse hight analyzer. The detection limit was 1μg of germanium. This method was compared with the colorimetric method using phenylfluorone as a reagent. Germanium in some samples, which are of forensic interest, could be determined nondestructively by the present method, when it contained more than 10-100μg/g. For example, in the case of germanium containing drinking water, germanium content was found to be 550μg/ml.View full abstractDownload PDF (483K) -
TACHIO AIMOTO, TOSHIO FUKUSHIMA, KIMIE IMAI, YOSHIHISA KATO, MASAKI SA ...1988 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 52-58
Published: February 28, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSulfur-containing metabolites, 2, 4-dichlorophenyl methyl sulfoxide, 2, 4-dichlorophenyl methyl sulfone (2, 4-DCPSO2CH3), 3, 5-dichlorophenyl methyl sulfoxide and 3, 5-dichlorophenyl methyl sulfone (3, 5-DCPSO2CH3) were all found in the urine of both male and female mice given orally a 200 mg/kg dose of m-dichlorobenzene (m-DCB). m-DCB (200 mg/kg) given to mice of both sexes by either oral or intraperitoneal (i.p.) route increased the activities of aminopyrine N-demethylase (AD) and aniline hydroxylase, and the content of cytochrome P-450 in the liver microsomes. 3, 5-DCPSO2CH3 (100μmol/kg, i.p.) induced markedly the enzyme system in mice of both sexes. On the other hand, 2, 4-DCPSO2CH3 (100 μmol/kg, i.p.) decreased significantly the AD activity in the males and the cytochrome b5 content in the females. An i.p. administration of m-DCB, 2, 4-DCPSO2CH3 or 3, 5-DCPSO2CH3 also caused a marked increase in epoxide hydrolase activity in the livers of the male and female mice, except that 2, 4-DCPSO2CH3 had no effect on the enzyme activity in the females. Thus, the differences in the effects of 2, 4- and 3, 5-DCPSO2CH3 on the enzyme system were demonstrated and the sex differences in the effects of the sulfones were also found in mice.View full abstractDownload PDF (787K) -
HIDEO SUGIYAMA, HIROYUKI TAKAGI, KANEHIRO KOYAMA, KIYOSHI IWASHIMA1988 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 59-64
Published: February 28, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor the purpose of observation of uranium contaminations on environment surrounding a nuclear fuel processing factory, concentration of 238U and activity ratios of 234U/238U, 235U/238U in sediments and water samples were determined by alpha-ray spectrometry. The time required for the analysis was about 4 days. Comparison of alpha-ray spectrometry of sediments was good agreement with another laboratory. Activity ratios of 234U/238U, and 235U/238U in the surrounding of the factory were 1.02-1.19 and 0.035-0.051. They were almost coincident with natural ratios. Those of 234U/238U and 235U/238U in the waste waters were 2.2 and 0.12, respectively. However, concentrations of 238U in them were 1/4-1/8 lower than those of the river water. In addition, the absorbability of sediments was studied by using enriched 234U water, and the results of experiments showed that the sediments absorbed easily 234U. Therefore, it was suggested that the measurements of activity ratio of uranium in waste water of river sediments will be able to apply for the observation of uranium contamination derived from the nuclear fuel processing factory.View full abstractDownload PDF (649K) -
YOSHIFUMI HIROSE, ISAO MORIMOTO, TOMOAKI OKITSU, NORIKO MAEDA, SABURO ...1988 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 65-69
Published: February 28, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is prescribed by the Waterworks Law of Japan that a cyanide ion should not be detected in tap water and that its detection should be performed by the pyridine-pyrazolone method after distillation of a sample and absorption of the distillate into a sodium hydroxide solution. However, this method is not reasonable because a cyanide ion has been converted to cyanogen chloride by chlorination of tap water and further the cyanogen chloride has been hydrolyzed to a cyanate ion by the sodium hydroxide solution. Therefore, the pyridine-pyrazolone method was applied directly to tap water without distillation, and the influence of possible factors on color development by the method was tested. Combined residual chlorine (NH2Cl) and metal ions such as Fe3+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, Cd2+ and Ni2+ did not interfere with this method. A cupric ion gave a pinkish brown color. Potassium ferrocyanide and ferricyanide were not colored by the method. When it was doubtful whether the color development was due to cyano gen chloride, air was bubbled through a sample, and the gas released was absorbed into the color-developing solution. On the basis of these observations, it was found that the proposed method was applicable to the determination of cyanogen chloride in tap water.View full abstractDownload PDF (557K) -
AKINOBU MATSUNAGA, ATSUSHI YAMAMOTO, EIICHI MIZUKAMI, KAZUICHI HAYAKAW ...1988 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 70-74
Published: February 28, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA high-performance liquid chromatographic method using post column reaction system was established for the determination of polyphosphates (PP). Linear polyphosphates with the range of polymerization from 2 to 9 (P2-P9) could be separated on an anion exchange column, TSK GEL DEAE-5PW (Toyo Soda), with 0.01 M HNO3 containing NaNO3 as a mobile phase at flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, with a linear gradient in NaNO3 concentration at one hour intervals. PP were detected as the decrease of absorbance at 500 nm of ferric-sulfosalicylate complex by means of an on-line post column reaction at room temperature, with 0.5 mM FeCl3 containing 2.5 mM sulfosalicylic acid as reaction reagent at flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. The proposed method was applied to the analysis of 30 different commercial products of soft drinks. The pretreatment only necessary after mixing the sample with an equal volume of 0.01 M HNO3 was filtration through 0.45 μm pore size filter. P2-P6 (total 0.231 g/kg) and P2-P4 (0.070 g/kg) were found from 2 kinds of the samples, respectively. The determination limit was 0.02 m mol/kg for all of the PP.View full abstractDownload PDF (654K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|