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Volume 31 (1985)
- Issue 6 Pages 357-
- Issue 5 Pages 283-
- Issue 4 Pages 227-
- Issue 3 Pages 145-
- Issue 2 Pages 59-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 31, Issue 3
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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YOSHIMI KITADA, HIROYUKI NAKAZAWA, MASAHIKO FUJITA1985 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 145-155
Published: June 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe induction of cancer for the forestomach of rat by butyl hydroxy anisole (BHA), and new registration of 11 kinds of food additive including two antioxidants in 1983 denoted much attention to the antioxidants as food additive. The analysis of these antioxidants consists mainly of two processes. The first process is extraction of these compounds from foods and clean-up procedures of the extracts. The extraction method with organic solvents, liquid-liquid partition, distillation, column chromatography, and sublimation have been used for the sample preparation. The second processes are qualitative and quantitative determination of antioxidants including dibutyl hydroxy toluene, BHA, gallic acid esters, tert-butyl hydroquinone, nordihydro-guaiaretic acid and others. The analytical procedures by colorimetry, thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, differential pulse voltammetry, and GC-mass spectrometry have been reported. The present review introduces latest trend of antioxidants and the up-to-date references related to the analysis of antioxidants.View full abstractDownload PDF (1302K) -
TADASHI KOBAYASHI1985 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 156-170
Published: June 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is well known that the antirachitic activity of sunlight is due to the photochemical conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol as provitamin D3 to vitamin D3 via previtamin D3 in skin exposed to ultraviolet rays in sunlight (Dorno ray). On the other hand, it is documented that the major circulating metabolite of vitamin D in the plasma is 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) of which concentration directly reflects the repletion status of vitamin D nutrition. Therefore, we assayed the concentrations of 25-OH-D2 and 25-OH-D3 in the plasma samples obtained from about 1000 subjects including adults, mothers, infants and children. The mean and standard deviation of the assayed values of endogenous 25-OH-D3 in the plasma of healthy adults was 23.0±10.1 ng/ml, which clearly showed the seasonal variation that the levels in summer were significantly higher than those in winter. On the other hand, the levels of mothers were about two times higher than the respective data of newborn infants and there was a highly significant correlation between mothers and newborns. On the basis of these data, the nutritional problems of vitamin D are discussed in this review.View full abstractDownload PDF (1703K) -
SUKEO ONODERA, SHOJI MARUYAMA, SHUNJI ISHIKURA, SHIZUO SUZUKI1985 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 171-178
Published: June 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe ether extract from an aqueous solution of 4-phenylphenol treated with hypochlorite was mutagenic in Ames's Salmonella test strain TA100. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showed the occurrence of, at least, ten compounds, chloro-4-phenylphenols and their oxidation products, in the extract. In order to correlate the mutagenicity with the reaction products identified on the chromatogram, the extract was separated into several fractions by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The fractionated compounds were then examined for mutagenicity by means of Amesassays, and were identified by GC-MS. Repeated fractionations by TLC revealed that the major components present in the extract are not mutagenic, but minor components (0.3% of the total extract) are mutagenic. GC-MS analysis indicated the presence of two compounds, C12H8O2 and C12H8Cl2O2, in the component fraction which exhibited the strongest mutagenicity.View full abstractDownload PDF (827K) -
SADAJI YAMADA, NAOKI NODA, JUNKO HAYAKAWA, EIICHI MIKAMI, KEIICHI UNO1985 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 179-185
Published: June 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used for the determination of a natural red dye from the scale insect Coccus cacti L. (cochineal) in various foods. Two kinds of orange products appeared by methylation of each of commercial cochineal color preparations and native cochineal color with ethereal diazomethane. These products were employed as reference species to decide whether cochineal color was added in foods or not. Oxalic acid was more effective than hydrochloric acid or acetic acid on the extraction of a color from foods and chromatography on an Amberlite XAD-2 column. A fraction containing a color to be tested was treated with ethereal diazomethane after removal of oxalic acid in the eluate. Orange products in the reaction mixture were detected by silica gel TLC and reversed phase HPLC. This method was found to be very suitable to determine the addition of cochineal color in foods.View full abstractDownload PDF (718K) -
KAZUHIDE KOMIYA, HIROKO SATO, SAJU KAWAUCHI1985 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 186-191
Published: June 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFormation of bis (methylmercuric) selenide (BMS) was investigated when methylmercury was added to the rat tissue homogenates pre-incubated with selenite, selenate, selenocystine or seleno-methionine, or added to the tissue homogenates of rats injected with these selenium compounds. When selenite was pre-incubated, a relatively large amount of BMS was formed in the homogenates of blood, kidney and brain. A similar amount of BMS was formed in the homogenates of liver and kidney when selenocystine was pre-incubated. BMS was hardly formed in all the tissue homogenates when selenate and selenomethionine were pre-incubated. While, a considerable amount of BMS was formed in the homogenates of liver and kidney when selenate and selenomethionine were injected. When different amount of methylmercury was added to the liver homogenate from the rats injected with selenite or selenocystine, it was found that BMS was formed in proportion to the concentration of methylmercury until about 30% of exogenous selenium in the homogenate was used for the formation of BMS. It was suggested that the protein-binding selenium found in the liver of rat injected with selenite or selenocystine reacted with methylmercury to form BMS.View full abstractDownload PDF (807K) -
HISAO MATSUMOTO, SACHIKO MIYAZIMA, YOSHIKO OHARA, REIKO MATSUMOTO1985 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 192-200
Published: June 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSugars and their derivatives are contained in various effluents and consume dissolved oxygen in environmental water. Therefore investigations on the COD and BOD values caused by sugars are necessary. Semimicro COD method previously reported was adopted in this experiment and the following results were obtained. COD values of acidic and alkaline method increased as straight line with increasing sugar concentration, but declined when KMnO4 remaining in the reaction solutions was reduced. COD values (g/g) increased with the carbon number contained in monosugars and with the number of sugars in oligosaccharide. COD values of ketoses were a little higher than aldoses. Effect of AgNO3 on the COD of monosugars was not recognized, but the effect appeared in the first period of COD treatment. In the saccharose, AgNO3 effect represented a little. In glucosamine and galactosamine, AgNO3 effect was clearly recognized, but the effect diminished in N-acetylglucosamine. Ration of COD values to theoretical oxygen demand was 58.1% in acidic method and 51.4% in alkaline method. This suggests that the oxidation of sugars is incomplete and decomposed products remain in the solution after COD treatment. Mean decomposition rate of BOD values was 42.9% in sugars and 21.6% in sugar alcohols. Therefore COD values indicate content of sugars more direct than BOD.View full abstractDownload PDF (854K) -
MANABU ASAKAWA, MITSUZO TAKAGI, KEIICHI OISHI1985 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 201-204
Published: June 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSParalytic shellfish poison (PSP)-infested specimens of the scallop Patinopecten yessoensis collected from Funka Bay, Hokkaido, in June 1984, were dissected into the digestive gland, gonads, mantle, gills and adductor muscle, and examined on the anatomical distribution of toxicity and toxin composition. Toxicity was assayed by A.O.A.C. method for PSP by using 18-20 g male mice (ddY). The toxins were analyzed by cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis. The highest toxicity was detected in the digestive gland (40 MU/g), followed by mantle (3 MU/g) and gills (2 MU/g). In gonads and adductor muscle, toxicity was less than 2 MU/g. As to toxin compositions, a remarkable difference was observed between the adductor muscle and other organs. In the digestive gland, gonads, mantle and gills, gonyautoxin (GTX) group comprised 75-94% of toxicity as major components, and saxitoxin (STX) group was minor. In the adductor muscle content of GTX group was low in comparison with that in other organs, comprising 49% of toxicity.View full abstractDownload PDF (485K) -
TOSHIYUKI MITSUI, YOSHIKAZU FUJIMURA1985 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 205-208
Published: June 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCelite 545 was applied to extraction of paraquat from human blood. The experimental procedure was as follows. Two ml of a sample blood adjusted pH 8.0 with 1 ml of Britton-Robinson buffer solution (pH 8.0) was injected into 5 g of celite 545 in centrifuge tube (50 ml), and mixed with glass rod. Then 30 ml of distilled water was put into the centrifuge tube, and mixed with glass rod. It was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 3 min and the water layer was rejected. The remainder was washed three times more with 30 ml of distilled water. Five ml of 2 N sodium hydroxide solution and 5% sodium dithionate solution were added. After mixed, it was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 3 min. The absorbance of the upper solution was measured at 600 nm by using glass cells. No detectable interference for the extraction of paraquat have been observed with other compunds, such as Ca (II), Cu (II), Fe (III), glycine, glucose, medazepam, barbital, and nereistoxin.View full abstractDownload PDF (470K) -
YOJI FUKUDA, FUMIAKI NAKAMURA, YOSHIHIRO MORIKAWA1985 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 209-213
Published: June 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA rapid and simple method by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was studied for the determination of thioglycolic acid (TGA) and dithiodiglycolic acid (DTDGA) in hair-waving solutions. A reverse phase ODS-silica was used as a column, and the eluent was 15% methanol adjusted to pH 2.0 with phosphoric acid. Chromatograms were monitered at UV 220 nm. DTDGA showed a single peak when the eluent pH was below 2.0. Sample solutions were prepared by a simple procedure, direct dilution with water. By using model samples containing 2, 5 and 7% of TGA, the proposed (HPLC) method was compared with iodometric determination. TGA data by HPLC method agreed with iodometric data, and the recoveries of DTDGA spiked to a model sample at the level of 0.5-3.0% were 102-106% by HPLC method, but 40-90% by iodometry.View full abstractDownload PDF (553K) -
KATSUMI TAMAKAWA, YOSHIO OHGANE, YOSHIYUKI AIHARA, KIIKO HIROSHIMA, ME ...1985 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 214-219
Published: June 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA ground water pollution by comparatively high leveled contamination with 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane and trichloroethylene in Sendai city was investigated. In order to draw the contour of concentration of volatile halogenated hydrocarbons, we investigated by multivariate analysis of 8 chemical elements in well water whether each well water was originated from the same ground water layer. 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane was detected in the water of wells wide-spreaded around a dry cleaning shop. And the pollution extended downstream of ground water in the direction of ground water flow. Area over the standard provided by the Ministry of Public Welfare, 300 ppb, was estimated spreading about 200 m from east to west and 50-70 m from north to south. Concentration of the most polluted well was 2150 ppb and declined as time passed. Amount of 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane showed a logarithmic decrease after soil permeation. Contour of contamination of trichloroethylene reached about 700 m from east to west and 300 m from north to south. Contamination level of a well in the neighborhood of some metal-working factories in June 1984 became 30 times higher (330 ppb) than that found four month before. As some organic solvents were used in these factories, it was suspected that some of them are sources of this contamination.View full abstractDownload PDF (649K) -
SUMIO SHINODA, KIYOMI ITOH, YASUSHI HAYASHI, SHINICHI MIYOSHI, YUMIKO ...1985 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 220-226
Published: June 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDistribution of diarrhenogenic species of genus Vibrio in estuarine area of Ohta River, Hiroshima, and Asahi River, Okayama, was investigated. Diarrhenogenic vibrios, such as Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. fluvialis or NAG vibrio, inhabit in estuarine region. Because the former two vibrios are slightly halophilic, they cannot survive in fresh water. However, the number of V. parahaemolyticus detected in brackish water area of the river was much more than that of sea region. In brackish water area, the salinity was lower than optimal concentration for the vibrio because sea water was mixed with fresh water, but nutrient salts content, such as phosphate and nitrogen compounds, was higher than that of sea region. These nutrient salts seemed to stimulate a growth of the vibrios in estuarine region. The number of V. fluvialis was variable and in some sampling points, its number was comparable to the number of V. parahaemolyticus. NAG vibrio was also widely distributed in the estuarine region investigated, but the number was fewer than that of V. parahaemolyticus or V. fluvialisView full abstractDownload PDF (772K)
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