In order to clarify the behavior of dissolved organic matters in river water, the Lake Tega-numa with the most accelerated water pollution in Japan and the River Ohhori with a remarkably great load of pollutants in its catchment area were chosen and variation in water quality and components of the dissolved organic matters in these areas were examined. Water sampling was made once every two weeks during the period June 1984 to December 1986. For analysis, each water sample was filtered with a 0.45 μm membrane filter to obtain the TOC and organic matters concentrations. From these results, the annual mean value of the soluble organic matters in the River Ohhori was 20.2 mg/l in the upper reach, 9.9 mg/l in the medium reach, and 7.7 mg/l in the lower reach. This tends to decrease from April to September and increase from October to March. The dissolved organic matters were comprised, for the dissolved-TOC, of proteins, 13.9-21.2% ; carbohydrates, 4.9-12.8% ; humic acids and fulvic acid, 9.6-19.9% ; tannin and lignin, 4.9-7.1% ; urea, 1.3-21.2% ; lipids, 3.6-8.9% ; anionic surfactants, 6.5-13.5% ; volatile organic acids, 5.6-7.2%, and unknown substances, 20.7-32.8%. The sum of the components of proteins, carbohydrates, volatile organic acids and anionic surfactants was 45.5% of dissolved organic matters as dissolved-TOC at station C and in the influent of municipal wastewater about 50%. As one of the causes of the pollution of the River Ohhori, the influx organic matters from the catchment area similar to those present in the municipal wastewater, may contribute greatly and the River Ohhori may be strongly affected by the urbanization of the surrounding area.

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Fourteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in sea and seashore sediments in the Kitakyushu district were determined by GC-MS. The similarity and characteristics among the sea areas or sampling sites were defined by the multivariate analysis of PAH composition. The concentration of total PAH (T·PAH) in the sediments of Dokai Bay, Kanmon Strait, Sea of Suo and the seashore along Sea of Suo were 5.57-36.6, 6.00, 0.522-1.80 and 0.083-0.796 μg/g·dry weight, respectively. Fourteen PAH were detected at every sites and the level of benzo [b] fluoranthene was the highest of all PAH at every sites except a site of the seashore. The level of benzo [a] pyrene+benzo [e] pyrene concentration in the 3 sea areas was higher than that in Tokyo Bay. The fact would be characteristic of the industrial city which had developed with coal and petroleum. In the mouth of Dokai Bay, the value of T·PAH was the highest. This cause was assumed to be an inflow of coke oven effluent by the cluster analysis. The level of T·PAH concentration in the sea of Suo was the lowest. The ratio of lower molecular weight (178-228) PAH in the northeastern site were relatively higher than that of the other site. The value of T·PAH in the seashore was lower than that in the sea of Suo. By considering these characteristics, it would be assumed that the influence from Kitakyushu side was less than that from the other sides in this sea area. This was confirmed by the principal component analysis. The interpretation of the results obtained from the multivariate analysis of PAH patterns made it possible to define the characteristics of PAH accumulated in the sea sediments.

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Dibutyltin (DBT) and dioctyltin compounds (DOT) in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) food containers, wrappage and clothes were determind by reversed phase HPLC based on post column fluorescence derivatization. The two dialkyltin compounds were extracted from PVC food containers and wrappage with carbon tetrachloride-methanol solution, and from clothes with methanol containing 0.1% hydrogen chloride. After evaporating the extract to a few ml, the condensed solution were diluted with methanol, and applied to the HPLC. DOT was determined by a polyvinylalcohol-copolymer column (Asahipak GS-310H) by using 10mM phosphate buffer (pH=2.0)-methanol (4 : 6) mixture as a mobile phase at 40°C. For removal of the influence of a large amount of DOT, column switching system was applied for the determination of DBT. After DBT was separated from DOT on a polymethacrylate pre-column (Shodex DE-613p) by using 10mM phosphate buffer (pH=2.3)-methanol (5 : 5) mixture as a mobile phase, switched valve, and DBT was determined on a polymethacrylate analytical column (Shodex DE-613) by using the same mobile phase at 35°C. Detection limit of DBT and DOT were 10ng, respectively. Recoveries of DBT and DOT added to PVC food containers and wrappage at the amount of 20μg/g were both 98%. And their recoveries added to clothes at the amount of 100μg/g were both 100%. DOT was detected in six PVC food containers, and DBT was also detected in two PVC food containers. DOT was detected in eight diapercovers, and DBT was detected in a diapercover. The present method is applicable for the rapid and simple routine analysis of DBT and DOT in clothes and PVC food containers and wrappage.

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To elucidate the cause of the earthy-musty odor occurring in August in 1987 in Lake Mikawa, the optimum conditions were studied for the growth and geosmin production by the blue-green algae, Anabaena macrospora. Anabaena macrospora isolated from the water of Lake Mikawa was cultured in such three different media as CT, M-11 and BG-11 media. The growth and geosmin production by Anabaena macrospora were promoted only in the CT medium. The optimum growth and geosmin production were obtained when cultured at a temperature of 28°C, at pH 8 and under light intensity of 1500 lux. At 4-week culture under these conditions, the volume of chlorophyll a and the production of geosmin attained to be 1.06 mg/l and 174 ng/ml, respectively.

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The analysis of eight quaternary ammonium compounds (distigmine bromide, bethanechol chloride, pancuronium bromide, methylbenactyzium bromide, propantheline bromide, suxamethonium chloride, neostigmine methylsulphate and benzethonium chloride) in the urine was investigated by using a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry system combined with curie-point pyrolyzer and thin-layer chromatography purification technique. These compounds were identified by mass chromatography of the characteristic pyrolized fragment products of each compound. The detection limits of these compounds were 0.01-10 μg in each compound. Simple and rapid extraction method of quaternary ammonium compounds by using ODS-cartridge was also examined. The present method appeared to be efficient, rapid, and simple method as a screening for quaternary ammonium compounds in the urine. It was clarified that this method enabled the accurate identification and quantification of these compounds.

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The purposes of these studies are to estimate the influence of uranium in environment on the inhabitant's health and to develop the environmental radioactivity monitoring techniques. The extraction ratios of uranium in surface soils and atmospheric particulates, and the distribution of uranium in atmospheric particulates have been investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis and alpha ray spectrometry. The extraction ratios of uranium in surface soils with HNO₃ were ranged from 30% to 60%. The extraction ratios of uranium in atmospheric particulates were almost the same as that of HNO₃ or HCl-H₂O₂, 70% to 80%. By the evaluation of the total uranium contents in surface soils and atmospheric particulates, it was possible to correct the determination values of uranium depending upon acid extraction ratios. Higher concentration of uranium in atmospheric particulates at the daytime was observed than those at the night. At the rainy day, both concentrations of dusts and uranium in atmospheric particulates decreased. Activity ratios of ²³⁴U/²³⁸U in atmospheric particulates were equal to those in surface soils at the daytime, the night and the rainy day. It was estimated that 80% to 93% of uranium in atmospheric particulates collected in Yokohama city in Kanagawa Prefecture were derived from soils.

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The present study was aimed at monitoring tissue materials for their binding ability toward paraquat (PQ : N, N'-dimethyl-γ, γ'-dipiridilium dichloride). Mixtures of PQ with various water-insoluble tissue samples were chromatographed on a Sephadex G-25 thin-layer plate. On the chromatographed plate covered with a sheet of cellophane was spread a solution of sodium hydrosulfite in 1 N sodium hydroxide solution for the detection of PQ as a blue spot. PQ remaining in the original location was considered to be in a state of binding with the tissue materials. Such tissue samples as brain, testis, thymus, pancreas, and submaxillary gland were found to have high ability to bind PQ. On the contrary, Harderian gland, cecum, and seminal vesicle sample, etc. failed to exert any binding ability. This binding mode was suggested to be based on ion exchange reaction, and largely governed by factors of ion strength and pH value of medium, and the fat content in tissue materials.

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To investigate the influences of unsaturated fatty acids on hemoglobin, one saturated, stearic acid, and five unsaturated, linoleic, linolenic, arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, known as the constituents of various marine organisms, were examined. All unsaturated fatty acids changed oxyhemoglobin to methemoglobin in vitro, whereas no change was observed with saturated fatty acid. This change of oxyhemoglobin to methemoglobin observed with both ester and free types of unsaturated fatty acids as clearly inhibited by the addition of α-tocopherol. It is suggested that the change of hemoglobin to methemoglobin observed with authentic unsaturated fatty acids is highly related to the autooxidation of the polyenoic fatty acids.

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A rapid and convenient methylation method of saccharin was developed to determine its content in foods by gas chromatography. Saccharin was methylated with trimethylsilyldiazomethane (TMSD) at room temperature for 10 min. N-Methylsaccharin formation rate from saccharin with TMSD was about 84%. N-Methylsaccharin was analyzed with FID-gaschromatograph by using a column of 3% SE-30 on Uniport B or 10% OV-351 on Uniport HPS. Anthracene was used as an internal standard for gas chromatography. The recoveries of sodium saccharin from soy-sauce spiked at 250 μg/g were 93.7±2.5% (n=5). Those from scallion pickles (rakkyo) spiked at 500 μg/g were 96.9±1.9% (n=5). The detection limit of saccharin in foods was about 20 μg/g as sodium saccharin. The analytical results obtained with this method agreed with those obtained by using diazomethane on methylation of saccharin (γ=0.998, n=10).

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Decomposition of benzenesulfonate, the aromatic part of alkylbenzenesulfonate as the synthetic detergents, was experimented by ozone and UV radiation, and these pathway and mechanism were investigated. Formic acid, oxalic acid, glyoxal, glyoxylic acid, maleic acid and sulfate ion were detected as the decomposition products of benzenesulfonate in water. The same decomposition products were detected on the simultaneous treatment with ozone+UV radiation and ozone alone. But their rapid formation and decomposition were confirmed from the results of simultaneous treatment and benzenesulfonate as the starting material was decomposed more rapidly. Sulfate was formed from sulfonic group of benzenesulfonate, and the final concentration might be equal mol of the initial concentration of benzenesulfonate. Further decomposition of each decomposition products detected from benzenesulfonate were investigated. The reactions proceeded more rapidly in the simultaneous treatment for all materials. It was not easy to decompose oxalic acid in water by ozone+UV radiation, however oxalic acid formed from glyoxal, glyoxylic acid and maleic acid by ozone+UV radiation were decomposed easily. These results were considered the reactions proceeded as the chain reactions in excited states by UV radiation.

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Antioxidative and synergistic activities with antioxidants of sucrose ester of fatty acids (SEF) were investigated with respect to autoxidation of lard. The degree of oxidation of lard was measured by using peroxide, acid, iodine and dinitrophenylhydrazine values. To examine stabilities of butylhydroxyanisole (BHA), dibutylhydroxytoluene (BHT) and tocopherols (Toc) added to lard, these antioxidants were determined by high performance liquid chromatography, respectively. Under autoxidative conditions, slight antioxidative and synergistic activities of SEF with BHA or Toc were observed. By the addition of SEF, stabilities of BHA or Toc in lard increased, whereas stability of BHT was similar to that without SEF.

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Metabolites in the urine after administration of deprenyl and methamphetamine were compared. Determination of deprenyl, N-desmethyldeprenyl, methamphetamine, p-hydroxymethamphetamine, amphetamine and p-hydroxyamphetamine in the urine was determined by use of solid extraction, trifluoroacetylation and bis (trimethylsilyl) acetamide treatment, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. This method was applied to the determination of metabolites in the urine of monkey administered subcutaneously at 0.2 mg/kg of deprenyl hydrochloride or methamphetamine hydrochloride. Deprenyl and desmethyldeprenyl were detected in the urine only within 12 h after deprenyl administration. Even after their disappearance, the prolonged excretion of methamphetamine and amphetamine, metabolites of deprenyl, were found until 48 h after deprenyl administration. As a result, it was suggested that deprenyl or desmethyldeprenyl in the urine seemed to be used as a marker for the discrimination between deprenyl and methamphetamine use. However, the faster disappearance of deprenyl and desmethyldeprenyl should be taken into consideration.

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We studied the effects of concentrations of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, total phosphorus and orthophosphate on growth of phytoplankton in the water of Lake Biwa. Water samples were taken from the southern part of the lake 15 times from June 1986 to May 1987. The metal ion concentrations in the samples were determined by an atomic absorption spectrophotometric method after diluting with 0.01 N-HNO₃, while the concentrations of total phosphorus and orthophosphate were determined by an atomic absorption spectrophotometric method with or without oxidation by potassium peroxodisulfate. The number of phytoplankton cells was counted under a microscope. No significant correlation was observed between the number of phytoplankton and concentrations of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, or K⁺. In contrast, the numbers were highly significantly correlated with the concentrations of total phosphorus.

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