In these studies series, the author tries to inquire into the formative and the developmental process of the Hiyokcchi-Hiroba (the Square mediated by the open space for the fire prevention) of the city Edo as the public Square in the Feudal Age of Edo in order to know the same process of the Square in the feudal age in Japan.
In this report (1), the first half age of the Edo-Jidai is dealted with, and the followings are studied.
1 The first stage (from the age Mcircki to the age of the first half of the Genroku)
Hiyokccki are set according to the necessity of the fire prevention and the populace's recreational areas on that open space are prohibitted by the feudal lord side.
2 The second stage (from the latter half of the age Gcnroku to the age Kammpo)
The populace's recreational uses on that open space are sprouted and grown up rapidly. And the feudal lord side admits and encourages it. And the Hiyokcchi s are not necessarily set according to the logic of fire prevention.

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The ancient Chinese defines the spirit of zen as the followings; Zen is the name of heart. Thart is the body of Zen.
The short sentence of FURI TSUMONJI, KYOGAIBETSUDEN represents also the basic metaphysical thinking of Zen sect, and is svmbolised ollly by a word of MU.
It means that the essence of Zen is free or nothing in spirit, but is flexible something like an ecko in the deep valley or a reflected image upon the water.
For zen sect gardens, therefore, there are no appreciation rules, and yet no written records about composition of gardens and techniques.
The author believes that the zen sect garden is a reflection of human life and its composition represents metaphysical thinking and cosmology rooted in Zen. This is especially true for the ancient notable Zen disciples, in most of cases they were the founders of new temples, that garden is a part of the most ideal demonstration places for their original metaphysics and history of spiritual awakenning through designed forms and ornaments
It is here that the need for research upon these hypotheses is necessary for knowing true meaning of the garden composition symbolise deeply behind, and for opening up a new method of approaching to study on traditional Japanese garden design.
This study, therefore, is designed to clarify the followings;
1. to find out the original source of the subject of garden,
2. to identify the main theme of the garden from the source, which is translated into modern language,
3. to analyse the garden composition along the main subject,
4. to conclude the identification by use of plan maps and literary quotations

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The authors surveyed the soil evaporation in the urban pine forest by using the neutron soil moisture guage. the surveyed plots were set in three characteristic frest, which was a regenerated or old age pine, and ubame-gashi forest in Yashima. The soil evaporation are affected by the flora transpiration, gravitational, and capillary water in the forest soil. The authors decided it only from a loss of soil moisture for a reason of simplifying the calculations. The obtained results are as follows.
1. In the old age pine forest, the holding capacity of the soil moisture was the greatest of three plots. The soil moisture was almost constant in 7th day after a rainfall (29mm). The moisture increment ratio by this rainfall was about 130%. In relation to these results, the authors considered this forest had a good regulation function of soil moisture.
2. In ubame-gashi forest, the soil moisture was changed by the same manner as the old age pine forest after a rainfall. However, because of low soil moisture (about 30%) and increment ratio (about 130%), the autoors judged this forest had a bad regulation function.
3. In the pine regenerated forest, the soil moisure was not constant in 7th day after a rainfall. The increment ratio by this rainfall was the highest percentages of these plots (about 170%), and this soil had the same low moisture as the udame-gashi forest. From these resutts, the authors supposed the pine species were remarkably regenerate dunder such a good soil condition as this forest, in which the soil water after a rainfall was changed gently.
4. Soil evaporation in 9th day-12th day after a rainfall, which was seemed to be unaffected with the gravitational water, indicated the highest value in the old age pine forest (57 ton/ha/day). This value was 25 ton/ha/day in the regenerated pine forest, and 23 ton/ha/day in the ubarne-gashi forest. From these results. the importance of the management and conservation of such an arid urban forest as seto-uchi district were remarkably closed rip.

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Presently usage of landscape plants is desired to be adapted to alteration of city's structure and environment. We pay attention to Hedera genus which has been taken as the plants for admiration so that people furnish them only for horticulture in Japan.
In order to utilize them for landscape, we treat Hedera genus in outline, discuss six principal species in its genus and consider its adaptability as the plants which cover surface of the earth.
The result that they have enough adaptability.
Of the conditions of each species and forms, we explain 3 species and 21 forms which we have collected until today, from which we select especially 3 species and 9 forms and expect them to be fit for landscape planting as the plants covering surface of the earth.
We explain their conditions for details.
We investigate present utilization of Hedera genus for landscape use and observe external and internal constitution of each species of Hedera genus.
As the result, it become clear that one which has been divided into H. helix “Tricolor” and whose familiar name was “OKAMEZUTA” in Japan, is not H. helix “Tricolor” but H. canariensis “Variegata”.
Leaves of H. rhombea Bean was changed in every stage of growth.
Under investigation of documents, we make clear natural distribution of H. rhombea Bean (which is survived) in Japan.
In short, H. rhombea Bean distributes naturally to almost all extent of “YABUTSUBAKI” and “MIZUNARA-BUNA” groups which was made by Japanese potential and natural vegetational distribution.
Lately, as for growth enviroment of Hedera genus, we outlined each conditions, soil's nature, soil's PH, degree of soil's moisture and nutrition, negativity and positivity, nuisance resistance, salt tolerance, diseases and harmful insects.

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