Landscape Architecture may be realized as the shaping of ideal environment about human life. So the problem of ideal habitation is the fudamental one of Landscape Architecture not only in Architecture alone. Walter Gropius (2), as is generally known, has devoted deep study to dive into the ideal form of human habitation. In conclusion, he affirm two types of habitation, namely single family house and garden apartment of 10-12 stories. But his conclusion was reduced from the standpoint of social and economical elments, not from the intrinsic nature of man.
We have, as also generally known, many studies about the ideal city since Theodor Fritsch of 1896. The standards of population density in these many studies have vary wide range between 100 dwelling units to 1/2 dwelling unit per gross residential acre. This means that there are many types of ideal habitation. It may be said that we have no conclusion about the form of ideal habitation.
We, human, have many complicated characters, but the best way for the solution of this problem is to realize human characters as the two contrast characters namely biological and mechanical. The ideal habitation for biological man may be assumed as the single family house closely connected with nature and the ideal one for mechanical man may be reduced to the garden apartment containing multiple families. It is very important that these two characters which are contrast each other exist together within each person. The ideal habitations may be considered generally as the above two types at the same time. But I lay stress on our biological character. It is because that we are a part of nature still and we cannot escape the uncomfortable question of how much of nature we can destroy without destroying ourselves. We must discover some wise principle of co-existence between man and nature. But finally, the ground in its various sybmolic aspect may be considered as “mother earth”, or as “the last resting place”. I assume that the ideal habitation is the single family house co-existing with nature. The habitation type of high apartment may be considered as the temporary habitation just as high hotel or business residence in the city center. Though there are some gap between the ideal and the actual, this is my conclusion about the ideal habitation.

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In 1580, Elizabeth issued a proclamation, “charging and strictly commanding all manner of persons of what quality so ever they be, to desist and forbear from any new buildings of any house or tenement within three miles from any of the gate of the said city of London.” She attempted to check the growth of London by circling it with an enforced green belt, but it did not succeed.
My study as to the social structure of the time has come to the following conclusion: the failure of the green belt policy had its source in the social status of those days rather than imperfection of the proclamation and control system.
People, who lost their jobs due to the Inclosure for sheepfarming and Monastery Dissolution, went to cities and suburbs, mainly London, for work. Overce of Labour naturally caused a fall in wage.
Rural industry and suburban domestic industry outside the guild regulation employed the cheap labour, cooperated with rich urban merchants, and outrivalled the guild in the city. The craftmen in cities were thus reduced to poverty.
In order to remedy the situation, the Government formed an act touching Weavers and an act touching Divers for Artificers, Labourers, Servants of Husbandry and Apprentices. The royal proclamation to lay the green belt might be one of the preservation policies, but it helped develop monopolization of guild's market within the franchise.
While the London city authorities were managed by the senior members of the livery companies (the rising bourgeoisie), the Government, which closely connected with the new class, tries to maintain the old status of the social order neglecting the social and economical movements. The failure of the England's first green belt policy was referable to this social Status.

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The problems concerning to the National Parks of Japan were ofen solved from political point of vew, and political conpromisings were used to precede to study of academic principles.
One of the fundamental reasons of this trend is that the National Parks of Japan are destined to have charge of two functions, conservation of nature and promotion of outdoor recreation in natural environment. And, also, we can not understand national parks administration in Japan without recognition of the significant role of the local goverments.
Under the cooperation of both local and national goverments, it is desirable to establish new direction of national parks administration policy.

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In 1966, Ministry of Construction tried on inquiry about the utilization of public parks. 38 parks in 10 cities were selected for this pursose,
From this inquiry we caught many interesting facts such as follows:
(1) Japanese public park is used by people in a high degree. For an example, in parks for children's playing use, The average of user's number per hectare reaches 2585 in a holiday.
(2) 70 % of users of public parks are belongs to younger generation before 30 years old.
(3) 74% of them have not such a noticeable dissatisfacton against exist public parks ; but about their quantity (about their number and dimention) people have very big demand.
(4) They mostly want to get a park for neighbours, that has 2-3 hectares and ordinary functions for their recreational uses. A park for children's playing useissecondarilywanted.

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