The authors investigated the characteristics of three kinds of oils entitled above.
A. Peach oil
Peach fruit seed was extracted with ether to obtain sample of the oil, of which the characteristics of mixed acid, solid and liquid acids separated therefrom were as follows :
Sample oil Mixed acid Solid acid Liquid acid
Yield, percent 16.47 94.0 40.41 59.59
d¹⁵₄ 0.9012 - - 0.9118
n²⁰_D 1.4610 - - 1.4657
A.V. 110.2 - - -
S.V. 183.8 - - -
N.V. - 201.4 202.8 200.2
I.V. (Wijs) 105.5 104.0 74.2 123.1
mp °C - 29.831.2 - -
Unsaponifiable matter (%) 2.50 - - -
Color Yellowish red Yellow Pale yellow Yellowish red
Solid acid contained chiefly C₁₈, C₁₆ and little amount of C₁₀, C₁₂ acids (C₁₈-F₁-elaidic acid was also confirmed).
Liquid acid contained chiefly C₁₆, C₁₈ and little amount of C₁₂ acid.
B. Polygonum japonicum oil
Polygonum japonicum seed was extracted with ether to obtain sample of the oil, of which the characteristics of mixed acid, solid and liquid acids separated therefrom were as follows :
Oil Mixed acid Solid acid Liquid acid
Yield, percent 2.70 87.80 17.42 82.58
d¹⁵₄ 0.9273 - - -
n²⁰_D 1.4741 - - 1.4733
A.V. 33.4 - -
S.V. 184.4 N.V. 210.9 N.V. 211.7 N.V. 210.8
I.V. 126.8 130.8 39.2 141.9
Unsaponifiable matter (%) 5.85 - - -
Color Dark yellow Yellowish brown
Pale yellow Brown
The solid acid contained chiefly C₁₈, C₁₆ and little amount of C₁₄, C₁₂ acids. The liquid acid contained chiefly C₁₆, C₁₈ and little amount of C₁₂, C₁₄ acids.
C. Cowpea oil
Cowpea seed was extracted with ether to obtain sample of the oil, of which the characteristics of mixed acid, solid and liquid acids separated therefrom were as follows :
Oil Mixed acid Solid acid Liquid acid
Yield, percent 0.56 81.53 63.87 36.14
d¹⁵₄ 0.9331 - - -
n²⁰_D 1.4733 - - -
A.V. 5.9 - - -
S.V. 187.6 N.V. 205.5 N.V. 208.2 N.V. 199.5
I.V. 129.7 126.1 76.3 179.8
Unsaponifiable matter (%) 7.64 - - -
Color Yellowish green Yellowish brown Pale yellow Dark red
The solid acid contained chiefly C₁₆, C₁₈ acids and little amount of C₁₄. The solid acid which is insoluble in petroleum ether was found in the mixed fatty acids. The liquid acid contained chiefly C₁₆, C₁₈ and little amount of C₁₂, C₁₄ acids.
The unsaponifiable matter had the following properties :
Sample mp °C I.V. Color
A 121124 127.6 Yellow
B 113119 - Yellowish red
C 135144 126.4 Yellowish white

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Solubilities of stigmasterol, sitosterol (containing about 5% of stigmasterol), and their acetates in twenty two kinds of organic solvent were compared at 20±0.1°C. The differences between the solubilities of stigmasterol and sitosterol were great in iso-butyl alcohol and n-amyl alcohol, and difference between the solubilities for the acetates was great in cyclohexanone. Stigmasterol was concentrated in higher yield by simpler operation by repeating iso-butyl alcohol and n-amyl alcohol extraction of soysterol than by ethylene dichloride-n-heptane.

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The characteristics and the component fatty acids of the acetone-soluble lipid contained in Euphausia superba collected in the Atrantic Ocean, were studied.
The paper chromatography indicated the presence of myristic, palmitic, stearic, arachidic and behenic acid as saturated fatty acids, and zoomaric, oleic, eicosenoic, erucic, linoleic, and linolenic acid as unsaturated fatty acids.
The mixed fatty acids, prepared from the lipid by alkalihydrolysis, were separated into three portions, solid, lower and higher unsaturated acids by means of lead salt-ethanol and lithium salt-acetone methods, then their methyl esters were fractionated respectively through the E.H.P. column.
According to the calculation of Hilditch, the component fatty acids of the acetone-soluble lipid, were as follows saturated fatty acids; 31.78% (myristic 5.84%, palmitic 11.41%, stearic 10.19%, arachidic 4.15%, and behenic 0.19%), unsaturated fatty acids; 68.22% {C₁₄ acids (-2.0H) 0.36%, C₁₆ acids (-2.3H) 14.50%, C₁₈ acids (-3.3H) 24.97%, C₂₀ acids (-6.2H) 20.38%, and C₂₂ acids (-5.4H) 8.01%}.

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Authors investigated a direct extraction method of rice bran oil having low acid value. The proposed process comprises two stages in which methanol is used in the first stage and hexane or benzene in the second stage as the effective solvents.
Under optimum conditions for the content of water in methanol, volume of methanol, extraction rate and for the extraction temperature, rice bran oil having lower acid value (about 3) was obtained with higher yield than that of the usual method (alkali-refining from crude rice oil of higher acid value). Another interesting feature of this method is the fact that feruric acid ester was almost transfered into the ricebranoil of lower acid value, therefor, the feruric acid ester will be able to recover easily from the rice bran oil.

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The object of this study was to detect the substances which caused foaming of thermally oxidized soybean oil in deep fat frying.
Soybean oil was subjected to thermal oxidation at 200°C in the presence of air for various lapse of time. The column chromatographic method was used to fractionate the foaming oil thus obtained. Silicagel (20g) treated with 60ml of n-hexane containing 5% i-propyl ether served as the adsorbent. Thermally oxidized soybean oil samples (0.51g) were eluted with 100ml of 15% i-propyl ether in hexane to yield first fraction (F₁); 100ml of 60% i-propyl ether in n-hexane to yield the second fraction (F₂) and with 100ml of ethyl ether to yield the third fraction (F₃). Soybean oils which were heated at 200°C for 2, 4, 6 and 10hr, respectively, in the presence of air showed increase of fractions F₂ and F₃, while a decrease was seen in fraction F₁ in the respective oil. The contents of F₁, F₂ and F₃ in soybean oil heated for 10hr at 200°C were 38, 35 and 25% respectively.
The physical and chemical characteristics, mean molecular weight and foaming tendencies of each fraction thus obtained were measured. The measurements of foaming tendency were carried out by the gas pumping method through a sieve-plate which would be suitable for the purpose for treating such small quantities of samples. The results showed that the foaming of soybean oil was caused by the oxidative polymerized fractions therein.
The reduction of carbonyls and epoxy groups to hydroxyl in F₂ and F₃ with Sodium Borohydride caused more foaming, and the elimination of hydroxyl group caused less foaming, indicating that the polar fractions do exert effect on the foaming tendencies but would actually vary by the quantity and or variety of the polar groups formed.

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Alkylbenzene sulfonate (ABS) concentration in the water of the Tama River (Tokyo Metropolis) was measured at 7 points along the river, and 5 times during 1962-63, using Jones, L-M, and Abbott methods.
These data showed the highest value in August, probably because of the drainage of household washing.
At the same time, it was supposed that there existed unknown methylene-blue substances (MBAS) other than ABS, especially in the lower stream of the river.

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