Liquid-phase oxidation of acrolein was carried out in benzene or acetic acid under cobaltous ion catalyst, using two reaction apparatus of heterogeneous gas-liquid system (I) and homogeneous liquid system (II). The reaction mechanism was discussed mainly from the kinetic results.
In case I of fairly high reaction rate, in spite of well agitation of the liquid-phase, the oxygen in the gas-phase did not equilibrate with the oxygen in the liquid-phase, which concentration decreased with increase of the reaction rate. The reaction rate depended on first order of oxygen concentration and this means that the rate constant thus obtained contains contribution to diffusion of oxygen in the liquid-phase. On the other hand, in case of fairly low reaction rate in I or in case of II, the reaction rate depended on 0, 0-1 or 1 order of oxygen concentration which corresponds to high, medium or low concentration of oxygen, respectively. The rate constant does not contain the diffusion of oxygen. The difference of oxygen dependencies can be explained by the change of rate-determining step of which (1) is in high oxygen concentration and (2) is in low oxygen concentration, as follows :
CH₂=CHCO₃·+CH₂=CHCHO → CH₂=CHCO·+CH₂=CHCO₃H (1)
CH₂=CHCO·+O₂ → CH₂=CHCO₃· (2)
In the present study, the reaction began by the addition of the catalyst after 30 minutes' saturation of oxygen into the solution of acrolein. The initiation reaction is assumed to be derived from the decomposition of peracid and peroxide by the cobalt ion. In benzene, one cobalt ion reacts with one peracid and one acrolein. On the other hand, in acetic acid, two cobalt ions react with one peracid.
The experimental orders of the reaction factors which will influence the oxygen consumption rate are as follows :

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2-Alkyl-4, 4-dimethyl-2-oxazolines have been prepared by the condensation of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol derived from 2-nitropropane and formaldehyde with C₁₀-C₁₄ fatty acids.
These oxazolines were treated with equivalent of lower organic acids, such as acetic, lactic, citric and tartaric acid and surface activities of these oxazoline salts were determined and compared each other.
The results of the experiments indicated that these oxazoline salts had good lowering power of surface tension of water. Of all salts tested, acetate showed generally best ability to lower surface tension. Oxazoline salts which had larger alkyl substituent showed better properties than those with smaller substituent in lower degree of concentration. As regards to wetting power the acetates which had larger alkyl substituent showed also better property than other salts.
Emulsifying power was determined against hydrocarbon oil (benzene and kerosene) and fatty oil (soy-bean oil), Benzene was easily emulsified and stable emulsion was obtained, but soy bean oil could not be emulsified effectively. In this case, contrary to surface tension and emulsification, the citrate was found to be superior than other salts.
Measurement of foaming power showed that oxazoline salts derived from capric acid were all inferior in foamability and those from lauric acid showed equally good property in general, however, among those from myristic acid, the lactate was proved best in foaming power.

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In the previous papers, the authors observed that the amount of copper adduct to casein increased with the storage days in system of aqueous solution and oil.
In this paper, the influence of metal-protein complex which obtained from frying oil with whale meat, or copper-casein complex on the rancidification of oil was investigated.
Then the non-fat casein, copper sulfate and copper-casein complex were admixed with soybean oil, respectively, and the peroxide value and percentage of residual tocopherol were measured during the autoxidation period at 60°C.
From the experimental results, it was found that the copper seriously affected on the rancidity of oil, but in the case of casein and copper-casein complex, the peroxide value remained in low. It was also concluded that the casein and copper-casein complex did not promote the decomposition of tocopherol.
The stability of non-filter oil of frying oil after frying whale meat were found to be higher than those of the filtered oil.

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Acid catalyzed reaction of formaldehyde with 1-butene in acetic acid solution yields 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 4-ethyl-l, 3-dioxane and both trans- and cis-4-acetoxy-3-methyltetrahydropyran as major products.
Ttans- and cis-isomers of tetrahydropyran derivative were separated each other by repeated gaschromatography, and the conformations of these compounds were investigated by proton magnetic resonance.

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Several quaternary ammonium salts were synthesized from N, N-dimethyl-amino ethyl polyoxyethylene alkylether and ethylchloro-acetate, α-chloroacetamide, p-toluene sulfochloride. Metal complexes were also prepared from two moles of N, N-dimethylamino ethyl polyoxyethylene alkylether with one mole of calcium chloride, or nickel chloride.
The effect of these compounds as antistatic agents for PVC was evaluated by measuring the frictional charge generation, induced charge decay, surface resistance and thermal stability.
The antistatic effect of ammonium salts was better than that of metal complexes, but thermal stability was less. Metal complexes having stearyl group were more effective than those having lauryl group, but such difference was not observed as to alkyl group in ammonium salts.
The moles of added ethylene oxide showed little difference, in 5-20 mole range.

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The reaction of a conjugated fatty acid from dehydrated castor oil with lithium naphthalene gives a mixture of various adducts of the fatty acid to naphthalene anion radical.

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