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Volume 33, Issue 5
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Yoichi MURAKAMI1984 Volume 33 Issue 5 Pages 257-264
Published: May 20, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: November 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (3102K) -
Etsuji YUKI, Kyozo MORIMOTO1984 Volume 33 Issue 5 Pages 265-269
Published: May 20, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: November 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe frying qualities of palm oil and palm olein and the effects of antioxidants were examined under simulated deep-fat frying conditions. Palm olein presented a better stability than palm oil in oxidation after frying treatment, although it was less before such treatment. The addition of silicone oil (SO) prevented glyceride from hydrolytic and oxidative deterioration and effectively decreased the loss of tocopherols and tocotrienols (Tocols) and the drop of AOM value. On the other hand, the addition of natural mixed tocopherol (NMT) was considerably effective in improving the AOM values before and after the treatment. It is therefore assumed that the addition of SO and/or NMT is very effective in stabilizing refined, bleached and deodorized (RBD) palm oil and palm olein.View full abstractDownload PDF (907K) -
Hisao TSUTSUMI, Atsuo ISHIDA1984 Volume 33 Issue 5 Pages 270-276
Published: May 20, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: November 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe solution behavior of five α-monoalkyl glyceryl ethers with different chemical structures in water was investigated by a polarizing microscopic technique, differential scanning calorimetry, and electric conductivity measurements and binary phase diagrams of these alkyl glyceryl ethers and water were obtained. α-Monoalkyl glyceryl ethers comprised mainly of linear alkyl chains as the hydrophobic moiety formed liquid crystalline phases including neat and reversed middle phases for a wider range of concentrations of water and temperature. α-Monoalkyl glyceryl ethers with sterically bulky hydrophobic parts such as branched alkyl chains which hinder aggregation of molecules formed no mesomorphic phases and no mutual interaction between water and glyceryl ether was observed. The solution behavior of α-monoalkyl glyceryl ether differed from that of 1-monoalkyl glyceride, although they have similar molecular structures. This difference was observed in the liquid crystalline phases possibly attributable to the greater hydrophobicity of the α-monoalkyl glyceryl ether.View full abstractDownload PDF (4991K) -
The Combined Action of Phosphate Ester and Amine in the Suppression of Oxidation of Tocopherols in TrilinoleinTsuyoshi FUJITANI, Hisako ANDO1984 Volume 33 Issue 5 Pages 277-279
Published: May 20, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: November 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of tri-n-octylamine (TOA) on the oxidative decomposition and dimerization of γ-and δ-tocopherol (Toc) during the thermal oxidation of trilinolein (Tri-Li) containing a small amount of tri-n-butylphosphate (TBP) was investigated.
After Toc (5%) and TBP (0.1%) were dissolved in Tri-Li and an aliquot of TOA was added to the solution, the solution was oxidized with air at 180°C for a fixed period of time. The determination of the concentration of Tocs and their dimers was carried out by HPLC.
The stability of Tocs increased by the addition of TBP in Tri-Li, while TOA had no influence on the stability. (Fig.-1) When TOA was added to Tri-Li containing TBP at a concentration of 0.1%, the stability increased (Figs.-2 and 4), indicating the phosphate ester and amine to act synergistically to suppress the thermal oxidation of Tocs in Tri-Li. On the other hand, small influences due to TOA and TBP appeared on the formation of Toc's dimers. (Fig.-3 and 5)View full abstractDownload PDF (487K) -
Yoichi TAGUCHI, Yasuo SUHARA1984 Volume 33 Issue 5 Pages 280-283
Published: May 20, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: November 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe reaction of 1, 2-epithiodecane with diethylamine in a glass ampoule gave 1- (N, N-diethylamine) -2-decanethiol. The ratio of yield vs. conversion, (Y) / (C), was about 50% for equal molar reaction. Excess amine raised (Y) / (C) to 60%. Though higher temperature promote the reaction, (Y) / (C) decreased. Polar solvents, particularly alcohols, promoted the reaction. The addition of a small amount of alcohol, water or acetic acid promoted the reaction in a glass tube at 80°C and increased (Y) / (C). Though the reaction of 1, 2-epithiodecane with pyperidine or molpholine gave 1-amino-2-decanethiols in good yield, the expected product could not be obtained without methanol for the reaction with N-methylaniline.
The reaction mechanism was considered to be a nucleophilic attack of the amine on the terminal methylene of 1, 2-epithiodecane, activated by ammonium ions.View full abstractDownload PDF (650K) -
Identification of Surfactants in Heavy Duty Liquid Laundry Detergents by Two-dimensional Thin Layer ChromatographyKazuo YAGAMI, Yoshiko YOKOTA, Shouko IWASHITA, Miwa NAKAYAMA1984 Volume 33 Issue 5 Pages 284-289
Published: May 20, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: November 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA method for identifying the surfactant components of commercial heavy duty liquid laundry detergents was devised using two-dimensional thin layer chromatography. For the chromatography, Silica Gel G was used as the stationary phase and solvent system consisting of ethyl methyl ketone-benzene-ethanol-water in the first direction and 4-methyl-2-pentanone-1-propanol-acetic acid-acetonitrile in the second direction.
The chromatographic patterns obtained from the two-dimensional thin layer chromatography of the commercial heavy duty liquid laundry detergents showed two series of spots in the upper and central areas. These spots were identified respectively as nonionic and anionic surfactants on the basis of Rf values and indicators. The ethanol extracts of these spots were examined by UV, IR and NMR spectroscopy, and the results were compared with the spectra of standard surfactants. The nonionic surfactnt was thus identified as alkyl poly (oxyethylene) ether, and anionic surfactants were detected as being only linear alkylbenzenesulfonate in one case and as both linear alkylbenzeneselfonate and alkylethoxylated sulfate in other case.
The above data indicate that the two-dimensional thin layer chromatography technique is an effective method for detecting the surfactant components of a detergent consisting of anionic and nonionic surfactants.View full abstractDownload PDF (1093K) -
Hirohumi HIRATA, Katsuhiko HIGUCHI, Satoshi NAKASATO1984 Volume 33 Issue 5 Pages 290-293
Published: May 20, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: November 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSReverse phase HPLC of various fatty acid esters has been studied using 050% H2O-MeOH as eluent. The esters were detected at 200210nm. The plots of log (corrected retention volume : V) vs. carbon numbers (CNs) of acid and alcohol residues in saturated esters gave good linear relationships. The slopes (Δlog V/ΔCN) of log V vs. CN of esters plots increased linearly with increasing the water content in eluent. Plots of area ratio vs. weight ratio of unsaturated methyl ester/12 : 0-Me gave good linear relationships, demonstrating a possibility of quantitation of fatty acid esters by reverse phase HPLC.View full abstractDownload PDF (599K) -
Michiko HANZAWA, Akihiko YABE1984 Volume 33 Issue 5 Pages 294-297
Published: May 20, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: November 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSZeolite has been partly substituted for sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) since 1980 and possibly over 85% of commercially available synthetic detergents have excluded STPP since the end of 1983.
In this study, the contribution of Zeolite to detergent washing capacity was studied to gain an understanding of anti-redeposition effects.
Anti-redeposition effects were studied by examining under various conditions the action of suds containing Fe2O3 on soiling polyester fabrics at different calcium ion concentrations.
The anti-redeposition effects of Zeolites were found to be rather low, compared to STPP or a binary system of STPP and Zeolite. The effects of Zeolite became gradually higher with an increase in sud concentration.
Anti-redeposition effects became more pronounced as the Ca binding capacity increased.View full abstractDownload PDF (761K) -
Shota ITO, Kiyotaka HATAKEDA, Norio SAITO, Yutaka IKUSHIMA, Tomio GOTO ...1984 Volume 33 Issue 5 Pages 298-299
Published: May 20, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: November 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper describes a convenient method for the synthesis of 4-alkyl-4-butanolides (3). Methyl 3-oxoundecanoate (1f) was converted to methyl 4-oxoundecanoate (2f) in good yield by the alkylation of (1f) with methyl bromoacetate and subsequent demethoxycarbonylation of the alkylated product. The reduction of (2f) with sodium borohydride gave 4-octyl-4-butanolide (3f), a flavor component of apricot and the pheromone of the rove beetle. A lower homolog of (3f) could also be prepared from methyl-3-oxoalkanecarboxylates (1) by the same method.View full abstractDownload PDF (365K)
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