Journal of Japan Oil Chemists' Society
Online ISSN : 1884-2003
ISSN-L : 0513-398X
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Volume 43, Issue 8
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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  • Biodegradation of 2-Sulfonatofatty Acid Methyl Ester (α-SFMe). III
    Ultimate Biodegradation of α-SF Me by Activated Sludge
    Mitsuteru MASUDA, Hiroshi ODAKE, Kazuaki MIURA, Kenkichi OBA
    1994 Volume 43 Issue 8 Pages 617-621
    Published: August 20, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: October 16, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5650/jos1956.43.617
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    For elucidation of the mechanism for the ultimate biodegradation of 2-sulfonatofatty acid methyl ester (α-SFMe), the degradation of sulfosuccinic acid (an analogue to the biodegradation intermediate of α-SFMe, monomethyl α-sulfosuccinate), C14-α-SFMe and 2-14 C-labeled C16-α-SFMe, was carried out. The biodegradation was done by measuring BOD, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and released SO42- using the Japanese MITI test and shake culture method. 14CO2 evolved from radiolabeled α-SFMe was measured by the modified OECD test (14CO2 evolution test).
    In the MITI test, sulfosuccinic acid was degraded by activated sludge previously acclimatized to-α-SFMe but no degradation occurred using unacclimatized sludge.DOC removal continued throughout the shake culture test with C14-α-SFMe, and inorganic sulfate was liberated during the early stage of the test. In the 14CO2 evolution test, radiolabeled α-SFMe showed 77 % degradation of the initially added radioactivity after 2 weeks.
    The present results clearly indicate α-SFMe to be ultimately biodegraded through ω-and β-oxidation, desulfonation (cleavage of C-S linkage) and the oxidation of carbonaceous residues.
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  • Glycolipid Enzyme Models. III
    Effects of Fluidity of Vesicle Membrane on Catalytic Activity
    Tsuneo TAKEZAWA, Eiji KANEKO, Takashi SUEYOSHI, Yasukazu OHKATSU
    1994 Volume 43 Issue 8 Pages 622-626
    Published: August 20, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: October 16, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5650/jos1956.43.622
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    Bis-quaternary ammonium salts (H25C12-CH3-N-CH3-CmH2m-CH3-N-CH3-C12H25 m : 220) were found to form vesicles as molecular aggregates. The vesicles were used as reaction media to evaluate the activity of a hydrolase model ; the hydrolysis of amino acid esters was carried out using a glycolipid as a model of α-chymotrypsin. Catalytic activity was affected by vesicle membrane fluidity and the addition of cholesterol caused the membrane to become somewhat rigid. Essentially the same is noted for reactions in a living system.
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  • Optimization of the Reaction Conditions for the Introduction of Various Aminoalcohols into Phosphatidylcholine with Phospholipase D
    Masazumi KAMATA, Setsuko HARA, Yoichiro TOTANI
    1994 Volume 43 Issue 8 Pages 627-632
    Published: August 20, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: October 16, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5650/jos1956.43.627
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    Optimum conditions were determined for the preparation of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine (PMME), and phosphatidyl-N, N-dimethylethanolamine (PDME) from phosphatidylcholine (PC) concentrated soy phospholipid (PC-90) by trans-phosphatidylation catalyzed by phospholipase D : PC-90 contaminated with PE (10 %); 100 mg, aminoalcohol ; 3 M, phospholipase D ; 1.5 IU, calcium ion ; 1 M, diethyl ether ; 5 mL, water content ; 12 mL, pH ; 4.85.2, and reaction time ; 30 min. Under these conditions, conversion from PC-90 to PE, PMME, and PDME was 95, 83, and 74 %, respectively. Differences in these values are considered due to the specificity of phospholipase D for each aminoalcohol.
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  • Dissolution Behavior of Monoacylglycerol in Ethanol and Suppression of Crystallization by Addition of Solbitan Laurate in the Solution
    Yuichi NISHIDA, Fujio TAKAHASHI
    1994 Volume 43 Issue 8 Pages 633-638
    Published: August 20, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: October 16, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5650/jos1956.43.633
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    Attempt was made to stabilize the supersaturation of (or prevent the precipitation of) glyceryl monopalmitate (GMP) which has poor solubility in ethanol at low temperature.
    To increase the solubility of GMP, solbitan laurate (SL-10), a nonionic surfactant, was added to an ethanol solution of GMP. Solubility was increased from 3 to 10 times as much due to SL-10. GMP prepicitated at 0.015 mol/kg GMP in ethanol, but at 0.083 mol/kg GMP in ethanol containing 0.1 mol/kg SL-10 at -5°C. The molar ratio of GMP TO SL-10 in the precipitates was 1 : 0.21 : 0.5. Precipitation time of GMP with or without SL-10 was determined at various conditions of GMP and/or SL-10 at -10+25°C.
    Longer precipitation time indicated greater stabilization of supersaturation of GMP. With increase in SL-10, precipitation time increased and in the GMP solution, on precipitation occurred at low temperature. At SL -10/GMP=0.4, the lowest temperature at which GMP solution supersaturation was maintained was 78°C less that of the solution containing only GMP.
    The mechanism for GMP supersaturation stabilization is discussed with consideration to hydrogen bonding between the OH groups of SL-10 and ester groups of GMP, and hydrophobic interactions between the hydrocarbon chains of SL-10 and GMP.
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  • The Aerobic Biodegradation of Poly (3-hydroxybutyric acid) (PHB) by Sewage Bacteria and the Chlorinated Biodegradation Intermediates
    Shin-ichi ITOH, Tomohiko WATANUKI, Syoji NAITO, Tsutomu UNEMOTO
    1994 Volume 43 Issue 8 Pages 639-643
    Published: August 20, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: October 16, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5650/jos1956.43.639
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    The aerobic biodegradation of poly (3-hydroxybutyric acid) (PHB), a biodegradable plastic, through the action of sewage bacteria was followed by the production of CO2 at 510 mg carbon/L. The degradation started at after 23 d of lag phase and was 7179 % complete in 30 d. PHB is metabolized via acetoacetic acid, a potential precursor of trihalomethanes (THM). The biodegradation intermediates of PHB were thus chlorinated and THM production and the toxicity of other chlorinated products were examined. THM as volatile product could not be detected (less than 10 μg/L). Other non-volatile chlorinated products were not mutagenic (rec-assay) and no growth inhibitory (algae-assay) activity was noted. PHB at 510 mg carbon/L is thus shown to be extensively degraded by sewage bacteria and degradation intermediates are unlikely to produce toxic materials even following chlorination.
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  • Crossed Aldol Condensation Reactions between Various Aldehydes and Acetone Using Solid Base Catalysts
    Takeo KURATA, Takeshi FUYA
    1994 Volume 43 Issue 8 Pages 644-649
    Published: August 20, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: October 16, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5650/jos1956.43.644
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    Crossed aldol condensation reactions between various aldehydes (saturated fatty aldehydes, unsaturated aldehydes and terpene aldehydes) and acetone using solid base catalysts were studied.
    Ca (OH) 2, Sr (OH) 2·8H2O and Ba (OH) 2·8H2O were found to be very effective for the crossed aldol condensation reactions. The various aldehydes were converted to their corresponding α, β-unsaturated ketones.
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  • Ab Initio Molecular Orbital Study on Monofluorination Reaction of Hydrofluorocarbons over Cobalt Trifluoride
    Shigeru KUROSAWA, Akira SEKIYA, Takashi ARIMURA, Atsuo SUGA
    1994 Volume 43 Issue 8 Pages 650-652
    Published: August 20, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: October 16, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5650/jos1956.43.650
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    Theoretical studies on monofluorination reactions of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) over CoF3 were carried out by ab initio molecular orbital calculation. The energy of radical intermediates in monofluorination was determined. The results obtained are consistent with the experimental regioselectivity of monofluorination for geminal-difluoro HFCs of C2C4 over CoF3.
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  • Chemical Components in Plants of Polypodiaceae
    Methanol Extracts from Inomotosou (Pteris multifida Poiret)
    Masaaki OKUNO, Hiromu KAMEOKA, Makoto YAMASHITA, Mitsuo MIYAZAWA
    1994 Volume 43 Issue 8 Pages 653-655
    Published: August 20, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: October 16, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5650/jos1956.43.653
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    Methanol extracts from Inomotosou (Pteris multifida Poiret) were fractionated by column chromatography with many kinds of solvents.
    Sucrose was isolated from methanol fraction in water soluble part, and β-sitosterol and β-sitosterol-β-glucoside were isolated from chloroform fraction of methanol soluble part in water insoluble part.
    It was first that β-sitosterol-β-glucoside was isolated from Inomotosou.
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  • The Phase Behavior of Artificial Intercellular Stratum Corneum Lipids Containing a Synthetic Pseudo-Ceramide and the Formation Mechanism of Lamellar Membranes
    Hiromoto MIZUSHIMA, Jun-ichi FUKASAWA, Toshiyuki SUZUKI
    1994 Volume 43 Issue 8 Pages 656-658
    Published: August 20, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: October 16, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5650/jos1956.43.656
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Phase behaviors and the mechanisms of the formation of the lamellar membranes for artificial intercellular stratum corneum lipids containing a synthetic pseudo-ceramide (SLE) were studied by mixing the equimole of SLE and other components of natural intercellular stratum corneum lipids (SCL) by X-ray and DSC measurements. The results showed that SCL forms a stable lamellar membrane being essentially identical to that of natural SCL. From the fact that a stable lamellar structure was obtained only in the mixed system of SLE and long-chain fatty acids, we conclude that the fatty acids play an important role as a co-operator of a self-organization of natural SCL.
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    1994 Volume 43 Issue 8 Pages 659-664
    Published: August 20, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: October 16, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5650/jos1956.43.659
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    [in Japanese]
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