Liquid polybutadiene (LPB) has many reactive carbon-carbon double bonds and therefore, various chemical modification is possible such as maleination and epoxidation which enable easy introduction of carboxylic radical or amino radical, into LPB. Moreover, chemically modified LPB is cured by oxidation polymerization or radical polymerization of carbon-carbon double bonds to become tough film. In this paper we explain synthetic technology, micro-structure, chemical modification and uses of LPB, in particular application of cationic electro-deposition paint.

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Properties of N-acyl-N-methyltaurate(AMT), including surface active properties, cutaneous effects, influence on hair, and application to liquid type hair shampoo, are reviewed.
It has been found that AMT exhibit considerably high safety on skin in comparison with typical surfactants. As the result of cutaneous effects, the reduction of the amounts of dandruff was observed when using AMT shampoo.
In addition, AMT shows weaker action on the desintegration of hair cuticle.
Consequently, AMT can be a good surfactant as a detergent for the hair and scalp(skin).
On the other hand, cutaneous effects and physico-chemical properties of anionic/amphoteric surfactants mixed system, were investigated.
It has been found that these physico-chemical results were in good correlation with those pbtained by cutaneous effects. The synergistic reductions in cutaneous effects were observed as well as physico-chemical results.
These findings have promoted the development of hair shampoo composed of AMT.

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The authors previously reported 2-akyl-2-methyl-1, 3-dioxaindans to possess antioxidative activity even though they have no phenolic hydroxyl group. In this paper, 2-alkyl-5-t-butyl-2-methyl-1, 3-dioxaindans were prepared by reactions of t-butyl catechol with ketones in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid so as to examine effect of the introduction of a bulky t-butyl group at 5-position on the antioxidative activity of 2-alkyl-2-methyl-1, 3-dioxaindan.
These compounds were added to lard whose AOM stability was subsequently determined. The antioxidative activity of 2-alkyl-5-t-butyl-2-methyl-1, 3-dioxaindans was found to exceed that of 2-alkyl-2-methyl-1, 3-dioxaindans.

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The isokinetic temperature, β, for the aminolysis of phenyl N-phenylcarbamates with aniline in aqueous dioxane increased with water content in a mixed solvent, increased from 256 up to finally 290.
In aqueous dioxane, plots of In k against 1/ε and of specific conductivity vs. wt% of water in the mixed solvents gave straight lines, respectively, with a bend at 83% dioxane.
It would appear from these findings that 1 : 1 adducts of each molecule of dioxane and water are formed up to the point of a bend at 83 wt% dioxane and that further addition of water leads to the production of free water, consequently bringing about greater stability of an ionic intermediate and subsequent increase in the reaction rate.

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In discussing rates of chemical reactions in micellar solutions, three processes must be taken into account, chemical reactions inside the micelles, migrations of reactants between micelles and those between micelles and solvent. The rate constants of reaction inside micelles control the overall reaction rate more than any other process. In consideration of this, Monte-Carlo simulations were conducted to assess the collision probability of two molecules (A and B) within a micelle. In one case, one of the molelcules was fixed at the center of the micelle and in another, it was located along the inside periphery of the micelle, the latter case for the purpose of stochastical study. Collision probability was found much higher in the former case. In a plot of probability against time, there was linearity for larger time values, in agreement with theoretical considerations. The rate constant was determined from the inclination of the linear portion. The effect of micelle size on this parameter was larger in the former case.
The results for reversed micelles of DPPC cannot be explained by the present simulations, and demonstrate the complexity of these phenomena. However, the present calculations show good agreement with data obtained in the recent studies and will be discussed in detail in future papers.

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The affinity of bovine serum albumin (BSA) to progesterone, testosterone and androsterone was found to increase significantly by the binding of free fatty acids (FFA) such as myristic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid, to BSA, while the binding of FFA to BSA affected differently the transport of these hormones through an aqueous membrane containing BSA from a hexane source phase (I) to a hexane receiving phase (II). The main factor governing transport is thought to be the partition coefficient of hormones between the water and hexane phases. The rate constant of hormone transport from the hexane phase (I) to the water phase was defined as k₁ and that from the water phase to the hexane phase (II) as k₂. In the case of a hormone with a lower partition coefficient such as progesterone, the binding of FFA to BSA increased both k₁ and k₂, and accelerated hormone transport. For testosterone with a higher partition coefficient, k₁ did not change, but k₂ decreased to cause decrease in rate of hormone transport. For androsterone with a moderate partition coefficient, k₁ increased, but k₂ decreased so that the binding of FFA had no effect on hormone transport flux.
During transfer from the water to hexane phase (II), the transport rate constant of BSA-binding was 0.050.1 that of the free hormone transport from the water to hexane phase (II) indicating decrease of the rate by the binding of BSA to the hormone. The transport rate constant of BSA-binding was noted to increase for progesterone, to show no change for other hormones by the binding of FFA to BSA.

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The transport behavior of steroid hormones and their derivatives was investigated in a liquid membrane system with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a carrier separating a hexane source phase (I) and a hexane receiving phase (II). The rate constant of hormone uptake from the hexane phase (I) to the water phase was designated as k₁ and the rate constant of release from the water phase to the hexane phase (II) as k₂. Positive correlations were found between k₁ and the water/hexane partition coefficient of the hormone, while inverse correlations were noted between k₂ and the partition coefficient with and without added BSA. For lower partition coefficients, hormone uptake from the hexane phase (I) was rate-determining in the transport process, while release of the hormone from the water became so with increase in the partition coefficient. Transport behavior through the water membrane was governed primarily by partition coeffcients between the water/hexane phases. For hormones, whose partition coefficients were less than 0.02, transport was accelerated by the addition of BSA. For hormones with partition coefficients over 0.02, the rate of transport lessened on addition of BSA.

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The transport of steroid hormones was investigated for a liquid membrane system using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the carrier that separated the hexane source phase from the hexane receiving phase. The experimental results could be adequately explained by a model in which hormones are transferred from the hexane source phase to the water membrane for binding with BSA and then transported through the membrane in both BSA-bound and free forms. Based on the results of analysis, the dynamic parameters for transport were determined. For a hormone with a lower water/hexane partition coefficient, the uptake from the hexane source phase to the water phase was one of the rate-determining steps in the transport and hormone transport was accelerated by the addition of BSA. The release process from the water phase to haxane receiving phase is the rate-determining step when the partition coefficient is high. Transport is thus governed by concentration of the hormone in the free form on the water membrane and hormone transport is decelerated by the addition of BSA, since the concentration of the free form decreases inversely by association with BSA for the system in which the amount of hormone in the hexane source phase is limited.

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The non-ionic surfactant p-nonylphenyl poly (oxyethylene) ether undergoes photodegradation in irradiated heterogeneous TiO₂ dispersion. The intermediacy of peroxides, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids is observed in the photodegradation of the surfactant to CO₂. Amounts of the formed intermediate compounds are influenced by pH of the reaction mixture.

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[in Japanese]

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