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Volume 38, Issue 8
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Masahiko TERASHIMA1989 Volume 38 Issue 8 Pages 595-602
Published: August 20, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 10, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe production of oilseed meals is increasing in the world. However their utilization for food is very few and only 10% soy bean meal is used for food processing in Japan. Soy protein products are classified into powder, texture and fiber type and a lot of fuctional properties are revealed according to their types. So, the products are being used as improver of processed food such as meat and fish paste products, delicatessen, etc. In addition, recently 100of chemical score and cholesterol lowering effect for soy protein has been reported and indicated that it is an excellent nutritional protein source for human. Due to the above, new style food products which soy protein products are subjective have been developing for consumer market. In spite of many researchers' efforts, other oilseed proteins have not yet been resolved their individual problems, antinutrients, toxins, color, flavor, etc. and utilization for food materials is limited.View full abstractDownload PDF (3027K) -
Chemistry of Succinimido Esters. XVIHirofumi HIRATA, Takao YAMASHINA, Katsuhiko HIGUCHI1989 Volume 38 Issue 8 Pages 603-611
Published: August 20, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 10, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe N-arylacetylation of amino acid (2) by N-succinimidyl arylacetates (1 a) to give the corresponding N-arylacetyl amino acid was studied kinetically in an aqueous solution [pH = pKa, of the amino group in (2)] at 20°C. The reaction was competitive with the decomposition of (1 a) and the rate was expressed as V = (kd+ k2 [2]) [1a], where kd and K2 are the rate constants for the decomposition and N-arylacetylation, respectively.
The second order rate constant, k2, was correlated with the nucleophilicity (pKa) of (2), giving slopes of 0.70.8for log vs. pKa Plots. The rate of ortho-substituted (1 a) was less than those of meta- and para-substituted (1 a), owing to the steric hindrance of the ortho-substituted (1 a). Hammett plots for meta- and para-substituted (1 a) showed a linear relationship with ρ=0. 530. 77. The rate of N-arylacetylation predominated due to the inductive and steric effects of (1 a) and (2). The rate ratios, 10-3 k2/kd, exceeded unity except in some cases for (2). The reactivity of (1 a) was also compared with those of N-succinimidyl benzoates (1 b) and N-acylsuccinimides (1 c).
A possible mechanism involving nucleophilic attack is proposed and discussed based on the above results.View full abstractDownload PDF (1486K) -
Organic Builders. XXIIIShuichi MATSUMURA, Shuichi MAEDA, Sadao YOSHIKAWA, Nobutoshi CHIKAZUMI ...1989 Volume 38 Issue 8 Pages 612-618
Published: August 20, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 10, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPoly [(sodium acrylate) -co- (2-cyclohexen-1-one)] s containing hydrophobic cyclohexanone rings and enzymatically active carbonyl groups were prepared and their building performances in detergents were examined. Preparations were made by the radical polymerization of 2-cyclohexen-1-one with methyl acrylate or acrylic acid. Detergency tests were carried out using heavy duty detergent formulations on the soiled cotton cloths. It was found that these copolymers showed a better detergency building performance than those of trisodium citrate and zeolite with some of them superior to those of sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), and also showed an improved biodegradability. It seems that the cyclohexanone ring in the poly (carboxylic acid) acts as a booster of detergency as well as a biodegradation unit.View full abstractDownload PDF (1391K) -
Michiyuki KOJIMA, Masao OHNISHI, Yasuo MANO, Sigefumi SASAKI, Seisuke ...1989 Volume 38 Issue 8 Pages 619-625
Published: August 20, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 10, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMajor glycerolipid classes such as triacylglycerol (TG), monoglycosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), diglycosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanol-amine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) were isolated from seeds, leaves and the roots of Adzuki bean (Vigna angularis), and their molecular species of 1, 2-diacylglycerol residues were investigated. Not only the relative proportions but also molecular species compositions of these glycerolipids differed among the organs. However, the major molecular species, based on the degree of unsaturation of the component 1, 2-diacylglycerol residues, were generally dienoic to pentaenoic types (i.e. 16 : 0-18 : 2, 16 : 0-18 : 3, 18 : 2-18 : 2, and 18 : 2-18 : 3) in TG, PC and PE, dienoic and trienoic in PI, and hexaenoic (i.e. 18 : 3-18 3) in MGDG and DGDG. Thus, the degree of unsaturation in the DG species of Adzuki glycerolipids was moderate for TG, PC and PE, lower for PI, and higher for MGDG and DGDG.View full abstractDownload PDF (1473K) -
Yumiko NAKATA, Keiko GOTOH, Mieko TAGAWA1989 Volume 38 Issue 8 Pages 626-632
Published: August 20, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 10, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of electrolyte concentration on particle attachment and detachment under gravity was studied experimentally using an immersed system consisting of spherical polyethylene particles and a quartz plate. Experimental data were interpreted in terms of electrostatic and dispersive van dar Waals interactions on the basis of the heterocoagulation theory. The addition of potassium chloride to a suspension in a quartz cell at constant pH caused increase in the number of particles attached to the cell wall and decrease in the rate of particle detachment from the wall. These results are due to change in the depth of the secondary minimum of potential energy curves.View full abstractDownload PDF (1465K) -
Shuichi OSANAI, Yuji YOSHIDA, Kazuyoshi FUKUSHIMA, Sadao YOSHIKAWA1989 Volume 38 Issue 8 Pages 633-641
Published: August 20, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 10, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRacemic and optically active amphoteric surfactants, N-substituted amino acids and amino sulfates derivatives were prepared to determine relationship of physico-chemical relations of chiral isomers with chemical structures among chiral isomers. Amphoterics possess a 1-phenylethyl group as the hydrophobic chiral center. The racemates showed no difference with optically active isomers with respect to capacity for lowering surface tension and cmc. The influence of the long alkyl chain length of the hydrophobic group on cmc was essentially the same as that of other types of surfactants governed by Traube's rule, while the influence of chain length between the two hydrophilic groups could not be determined exactly. The pH of the solution affected the solubility of amphoterics and an aqueous solution of the amino acid derivative surfactants became turbid below pH 4 in acidic condition.
The amphoterics were also tested for antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. The hydrophobic long alkyl group significantly influenced antimicrobial activity more than the chiral isomerism. N-Dodecylated homologues were confirmed to be more antimicrobial than N-decylated homologues.View full abstractDownload PDF (1628K) -
Hironobu KUNIEDA, Kazuyoshi HAISHIMA1989 Volume 38 Issue 8 Pages 642-646
Published: August 20, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 10, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA three-phase region of the W+D' +Om type appeared in a water/nonionic surfactant/middle- or long-chain alcohol system, in which W was an excess water phase and Om, a nonaqueous reversed micellar solution phase. The D' phase (surfactant phase), also called an anomalous or L3 phase, differed from the other surfactant phase, D, which was usually observed in water/nonionic surfactant/hydrocarbon systems. In many linear-chain alcohol systems, the D' phase was observed over a wide range of water/alcohol ratios, and a liquid crystal of lamellar type was present below the three-phase temperature. When branched alcohol was used, phase behavior changed and became similar to a three-phase region of the W+D+O type as in ordinary hydrocarbon systems. The solubilizing capacity of the D' phase was much larger than that of the D' phase. The appearance of D or D' phases was dependent of the nature of the alcohol and surfactant.View full abstractDownload PDF (1006K) -
Masao OHNISHI, Seisuke ITO, Yasuhiko FUJINO1989 Volume 38 Issue 8 Pages 647-653
Published: August 20, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 10, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe components and molecular species of sphingolipids from maize organs (seeds, leaves, roots, stems, pollen and styles) were investigated. The major sphingolipid classes were commonly cerebrosides and ceramides, the former being predominant except in the case of seeds. The representative molecular species of cerebrosides were found to be 1-O-glucosyl-N-2'hydroxyarachidoyl-sphingadienine, 1-O-glucosyl-N-2'-hydroxylignoceroyl-4-hydroxysphingenine, 1-O-glucosyl-N-2'-hydroxybehenoyl-4-hydroxysphingenine and the like. Although cerebroside composition was similar for leaves and stems, maize cerebrosides generally showed characteristic patterns in molecular species compositions among the organs. Pollen cerebroside in particular was unusual; the species having sphingadienine and 2-hydroxyarachidic acid constituted half the total. The predominant sphingoid component in their crude ceramide fractions from the maize organs was usually 4-hydroxysphinganine, whereas the principal fatty acid component was 2-hydroxylignoceric acid, but was 2-hydroxyarachidic acid for pollen.View full abstractDownload PDF (1270K) -
Tsuyoshi FUJITANI1989 Volume 38 Issue 8 Pages 654-657
Published: August 20, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 10, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe oxidative decomposition of t-butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and the formation of its dimers during thermal oxidation of saturated and unsaturated triacylglycerols were studied in relation to the initial concentration of BHA.
BHA was very stable toward oxidation in glycerol trilaurate and a small amount of BHA was oxidized to dimers, especially to the diphenyl ether-type dimer. A small amount of BHA was oxidized and the total amounts of its monomer and dimers decreased with decrease in its initial concentration. The quantities of the dimers formed in a reaction mixture at a low initial concentration of BHA were smaller than those at a high initial concentration.
BHA is considerably unstable toward oxidation in glycerol trilinoleate. The stability of its monomer during thermal oxidation decreased with decrease in its initial concentration, and the yields of its dimers also decreased. When the initial concentration of BHA was 0. 1%, its monomer disappeared rapidly in the reaction mixture, and none of its dimers could be detected.
The oxidative decomposition of BHA in a mixture of glycerol trilaurate and glycerol trilinoleate was also accelerated by a decrease in its initial concentration.View full abstractDownload PDF (727K)
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