Journal of Japan Oil Chemists' Society
Online ISSN : 1884-2003
ISSN-L : 0513-398X
Volume 36, Issue 9
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
  • Tomihiro KUROSAKI, Genji IMOKAWA, Atsuo ISHIDA
    1987 Volume 36 Issue 9 Pages 629-637
    Published: September 20, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: November 10, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Properties of monoalkyl phosphate (MAP), including surface active properties, cutaneous effects, and applications to paste & liquid type skin cleansers, and also phosphorylation reactions from the viewpoint of industrial production of MAP, are reviewed.
    It has been found that MAP exhibit considerably high safety on skin in comparison with typical anionic surfactants. This is caracterlized by neutral pH, low skin irritation & roughness and small elution amount of natural moisturizing facters from the stratum corneum. In addition, C12 MAP shows adequate surface active properties for skin cleanser.
    The industrial production of MAP have been established by two phosphorylation methods, one is ROH/H2O/P2O5 and another is poly-phosphoric acid method.
    These findings have promoted the development of paste & liquid type skin cleansers composed of MAP.
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  • Bioreactors for Fats and Fatty Acid Derivatives, Part XII
    Tsuneo YAMANE
    1987 Volume 36 Issue 9 Pages 638-642
    Published: September 20, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: November 10, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In the determination of the lipolytic activity of lipase by surfactant non-addition method, attempts were made to broaden the range of proportionality between the volume of titration and amount of enzyme added to the assay mixture and to decrease the variation in replicate measurement data (precision). The introduction of baffle plates into the reaction vessel provided some improvement in both these respects. Increased agitation from 500rpm to 1000rpm was also effective for greater proportionality.
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  • Candida cylindracea Lipase Catalyzed Transesterification between Tri-n-butyrin and 1-Octanol in Various Organic Solvents
    Hirofumi HIRATA, Katsuhiko HIGUCHI
    1987 Volume 36 Issue 9 Pages 643-649
    Published: September 20, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: November 10, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The candida cylindracea lipase catalyzed transesterification between tri-n-butyrin (1) and 1-octanol (2) to give 1-octyl butyrate (3) was studied in various organic solvents containing 0.75M of (1) and 0.67M of (2) at 30°C. The rate of this reaction increased at first, through a maximum and then decreased with increasing water content. The water content at the maximum rate, (H2O) op, for the reaction in a water-insoluble solvent increased with enzyme concentration. (H2O) op was invariable and independent of enzyme concentration for the reaction in water-soluble solvents. The rate in the presence of (H2O) op was measured and transesterification was found to be predominated by the structure and polarity of the solvent.
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  • Osamu OKUMURA, Kenji UMEHARA, Yuji YONEYAMA
    1987 Volume 36 Issue 9 Pages 650-655
    Published: September 20, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: November 10, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The relation between the electrokinetic effects of a builder and detergency is discussed in terms of the ζ-potential and potential energy of interaction. Detergency and redeposition with various builders were measured. The ζ-potentials of carbon black, clay and cellulose in each solution containing various builders were measured. Potential energies due to interactions between the soil and fabrics were calculated according to the heterocoagulation theory. The results indicated that : 1) a builder increases the ζ-potential of soils; 2) the minimum potential energy is more closely related to detergency than any other potential energy.
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  • Mieko TAGAWA, Yoshimi OKAMURA, Keiko GOTOH, Yoshiko SAIKAWA, Yasuko TS ...
    1987 Volume 36 Issue 9 Pages 656-661
    Published: September 20, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: November 10, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The rate of capillary wetting in fibrous assemblies was measured by a newly developed device. The change in specific electric conductivity, λ/λc, with time, t, was measured using a plug of cellulose filter paper in a cylindrical Teflon cell. The yield time, t0, and initial slope, S, in λ/λc versus t curves were used as parameters of the wetting rate. The aqueous ionic surfactant solutions were used as wetting liquids. The effect of the alkyl chain length of alkyltrimethyl ammoniumchloride (ATAC) on the wetting rate was investigated. The effect of the electrolyte (KCl) was also examined for sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The wetting rate was found to decrease with increasing ATAC concentration, and it decreased with increasing alkyl chain length for any given concentration of ATAC. In the case of SDS, the rate increased with increasing SDS concentration below the critical micelle concentration (cmc). Above the cmc, the wetting rate decreased with increasing concentration of SDS. The resultant maximum rate was found in the region of low SDS concentration by the addition of KCl. The results obtained below the cmc were discussed in terms of the Washburn equation; the wetting rate was affected by change in the surface free energies of liquids and in the advancing dynamic contact angle by the force balance at the interface due to adsorption of surfactants.
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  • Synergistic Effect on Amino Acid Derivatives
    Minoru AOYAMA, Takenori MARUYAMA, Hiromu KANEMATSU, Isao NIIYA, Masato ...
    1987 Volume 36 Issue 9 Pages 662-666
    Published: September 20, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: November 10, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The synergistic antioxidant effects of tocopherol (Toc) and 20 kinds of methyl esters of amino acids on lard and palm oil were investigated by the oven and AOM tests. The amino acid derivatives were used in consideration of the insolubility of their free forms in fats. They were homogeniously dissolved using monoglyceride as the medium, as previously described. The antioxidant effects of them were also studied in the same manner.
    1) The solubility of the amino acid derivatives was found in most cases to be less than 40ppm.
    2) On lard, 14 amino acid derivatives had rather antioxidant effects according to the oven test, particularly so in the case of methyl L-tryptophan (L-Trp) and methyl lysine (Lys), but dimethyl L-glutamate (Glu-2) tended to accelate oxidation. However, such effects were not observed by the AOM test. All the derivatives except Glu-2 enhanced the antioxidant effect of Toc according to the oven and AOM tests, and the addition of L-Trp, Lys, methyl proline (Pro) or methyl tyrosine (Tyr) along with the mixture of d-Toc (m-Toc) was particularly effective for this.
    3) On palm oil, 9 of the amino acid derivatives had rather antioxidant effects by the oven test. Pro and L-Trp did so markedly, but Glu-2 and methyl serine tended to accelate oxidation. With Toc, 12 derivatives showed synergistic effects and the addition of Pro, L-Trp, Try or dimethyl cystine along with m-Toc was particularly effective. Similar effects were observed by the AOM test.
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  • Yoshitsugu SAKUDA
    1987 Volume 36 Issue 9 Pages 667-670
    Published: September 20, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: November 10, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The essential oil from leaves of Menamomi (Siegesbeckia pubescens Makino) has been studied. The constituents were separated by means of conbination of elution chromatography and preparative gas chromatography and were identified by MS, UV, IR and NMR.
    Six sesquiterpene hydrocarbones (60.8%), eight sesquiterpene alcohols (23.1%), ten acethylenic aldehydes and alcohols (9.7%) and cis-3-hexen-1-ol (3.8%) were recognized as the constituents of the essential oil.
    The main components were germacrene-D, δ-cadinene, spathulenol, copaborneol, T-muurolol α-cadinol, germacra-4 (15), 5 (E), 10 (14) -trien-1-ol (2), cis-7, trans-12, trans-14-hexadecatrien-10-ynal (1) and cis-9, trans-14, trans-16-octadecatrien-12-ynal.
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  • Zhao Hong WANG, Kiyotaka SATO, Nobuo SAGI, Tsugio IZUMI, Hiroyuki MORI
    1987 Volume 36 Issue 9 Pages 671-679
    Published: September 20, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: November 10, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Polymorphic behavior was studied for series of 1, 3-di (saturated acyl) -2-oleoylglycerols in which the saturated acyl groups were palmitoyl (POP), stearoyl (SOS), arachidoyl (AOA) and behenoyl (BOB). The purity of the samples employed was 90.4% (POP), 91.3% (SOS) 83.2% (AOA), and 71.5% (BOB). Attention was directed to the identification of an independent polymorph by subjecting the sample to two thermal treatments : transformation in a crystalline state at different temperatures after chilling the melt at 0°C, and solidification of more stable polymorphs after rapidly melting the less stable forms. The long and short spacing spectra, examined by X-ray diffractometry and the melting point were used to determine the polymorph.
    Five independent polymorphs were found to occur frequently in the four triacylglycerols examined : α, γ, pseudo-β', β2 and β1 at ambient temperatures. The melting points increased in the order described above, being α the lowest and β1, the highest. In addition, sub α appeared in SOS, AOA and BOB as a less stable form than α, where as β' was observed in POP, AOA and BOB with stability intermediate between α and γ. All the above polymorphs exhibited distinctively different short spacing spectra and melting points. The solid-state transformation occurred in a sequential way from (sub α) α to β1, implying the nature of the polymorphism to be monotropic. The chain length structure was a double chain for α and β' of the four triglycerides examined, and for pseudo-β', singly of POP. Triple chain length structure was found for γ, β2 and β1 in all the glycerides and pseudo-β' in SOS, AOA and BOB. Although rather complicated, the present findings showed good agreement with data in previous reports which have long been contradictory to each other. Taking the X-ray data and previous reports into account, the new nomenclature of the polymorphs discussed above was explained. Finally, the authors consider that the V-VI transformation of cocoa butter, responsible for the blooming phenomena of confectionery fats, may possibly be caused by polymorphic transformation from β2 to β1 of the solid fat fractions of cocoa butter.
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  • Studies on the Decomposition of Terpenes in the Presence of Synthetic Zeolites.
    Masato NOMURA, Yoshihito FUJIHARA
    1987 Volume 36 Issue 9 Pages 680-681
    Published: September 20, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: November 10, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The thermal decomposition of nojigiku alcohol in the presence of synthetic zeolites give α-campholenic aldehyde. Both the 13X and TSZ-645-PSH1 zeolite are effective in this reaction.
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