In this paper, especially interesting coating resin technologies which have been recently researched and developed in the field of coating industry were introduced as follows :
(1) The new polymers acrylic oligomers having terminated functional groups, mono disperse polyester oligomers and acrylic oligomers, liquid crystalline polymers, pigment dispersant, fluororesins having hydroxyl groups, new isocyanate polymers, new graft polymers, new block polymers, volume expandable polymers
(2) The composite systems
IPNs, polymer microsphere
(3) The new crosslinking systems cyclocarbonate, new acrylic urethane, cyclic urea, oxazolidine, methyl acrylamide glycolate methyl ether, acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate, acrylic silicone, epoxy/silanol/hydroxyl composite system, carboxylic acid/epoxy system

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This study was conducted to determine why 1, 2-; 2, 1-and 1, 2-; 1, 3-positional isomers of diacyl glycerolipids, including those that are depolarized, are separated on reverse phase HPLC while triglycerides are not.
Interaction forces among the carbon chains of lipid molelcules generated by the Coulomb force of atoms were concluded to be stereochemically well balanced in the case of triglycerides in contrast to diacyl glycerolipids. Possibly, the larger the acyl carbon number, the greater is the lack of conformity of interaction forces among acyl moieties. This is a factor determining the chemical potential of lipid molecules and gives rise to small but reproducible differences in retention on reverse phase HPLC between the 1, 2-and 2, 1-as well as 1, 2-and 1, 3-positional isomers.

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Assignments for the ¹H-NMR spectrum of dibenzofuran were re-examined using a 400 MHz NMR spectrometer. Unambiguous assignments were obtained by both double resonance and 2-D NMR (C-H COSY) techniques. High resolution NMR spectra of six fractions through rectification of reaction mixtures of isopropylation of dibenzofuran were recorded. Based on the unambiguous assignments for dibenzofuran, the structures of seven new isopropyldibenzofurans were determined.

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A modified method for the stereospecific analysis of triacylglycerols (TGs) is presented. Partially hydrolyzed products of TG with ethyl magnesium bromide were converted to 3, 5-dinitrophenylurethane (3, 5-DNPU) derivatives, and recemic 1-and 2-monoacylglycerol (MG) derivatives were separated by thin layer chromatography (TLC) on silicic acid plates. The 1-MG fraction was separated into sn-1 and sn-3 enantiomers by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a chiral stationary phase; N- (R) -1- (α-naphthyl) ethylaminocarbonyl- (S) -valine which was chemically bound to γ-aminopropyl silanized silica. Total TG, sn-1, sn-2 and sn-3 MG fractions were converted to the methyl esters, and each of which was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) with an opentubular column. Acyl distribution at sn-1, sn-2 and sn-3 positions was determined based on the results of GC analysis. A cacao fat sample was analyzed by this method. Direct derivation prior to fractionation was found effective for reducing isomerization of MGs.

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The micellar properties of aqueous binary mixed solutions for two systems consisting of sodium cholate (NaC) -octaoxyethylene glycol mono n-decyl ether (C₁₀E₈) and sodium deoxycholate (NaDC) -C₁₀E₈ were studied by examining surface tension, polarity of the micelle interior and mean aggregation number determined from on pyrene fluorescence in the mixed micelles. By two theories based on the regular solution and on the excess thermodynamic quantities, the mole fraction of the bile salt in the mixed micelles near the critical micellar concentration (cmc) was found to be less than that in an aqueous mixed solution. The hydrophobicity of the interior of the mixed micelles increased with the mole fractions of bile salts in the mixed solution, particularly so for a mole fraction of 0. 57 for the NaDC-C₁₀E₈ system and 0. 75 for the NaC-C₁₀E₈ system. The mixed micelles may thus possibly change from C₁₀E₈-rich micelles to bile salt-rich micelles, particularly so for the NaDC-C₁₀E₈ system due to the stronger hydrophobicity of NaDC molecules. The aggregation number decreased with increase in the mole fractions of bile salts, approaching that of a single system of bile salts.

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In this study, attention was directed to the theoretical aspects of the resolution of lipid molecular species containing unsaturated fatty acids on reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
The chemical potential of a lipid molecule in the chromatographic system was influenced by the sum of dipole, induction, and dispersion effects of van der Waals forces, among lipid molecules, mobils phase, and stationary phase.
Even in reverse phase HPLC, dipole effect was concluded to exert the greatest effect. Thus when polar domains such as double bonds are situated far away from each other, dipole moment may be large compared to that when they are near each other. Accordingly, the former which has greater affinity toward the polar mobile phase should elute earlier than the latter.
Analytical data on relative retention time of molelcular species of diacyl glycerolipid on reverse phase HPLC confirmed this to actually the case.

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A study was made of the soiling process of solid particles on the fiber substrate in relation t o detergency. The authors applied theoretical treatment of equilibrium to a soiling system (solid particle/fiber/dispersion medium) assumed comparable to dyeing equilibria.
Proposed in this paper is a pseudo-equilibrium system involving the adhesion and desorption of particulate Fe₂O₃ soil to five different textile substrates (cotton, diacetate, nylon-6, polyester, polypropyrene) in various media (H₂O, EtOH, 1-BuOH, n-Hexane, CCl₄) under weak mechanical oscillation to prevent the deposition of Fe₂O₃ in the dispersion medium.
Under the conditions used a Freundlich type adhesion isotherm was obtained and adhesion isotherms at different temperatures were found to be exothermic.
Empirical formulae for estimating the relative affinity parameter of Fe₂O₃ to the fiber substrate in this system are proposed.

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A pseudo-equilibrium state was previously proposed in which a Fe₂O₃/fiber/dispersion medium system was comparable to a soiling system in detergency.
In this study, hydrophobic ferric oxinate [iron tri (8-quinolinolate); Fe-Ox] was prepared, and adhesion-desorption was studied in a Fe-Ox/fiber/dispersion medium system during weak mechanical oscillation as in the previous paper.
A typical Freundlich isotherm was also obtained in the Fe-Ox system as the Fe₂O₃ system.
Affinity parameter values at various fiber substrates were of the following order.
For the Fe-Ox/H₂O system; polypropylene > polyester > nylon-6 (A) > nylon-6 (B) > diacetate > cotton.
For the Fe-Ox/CCl₄ system; cotton > diacetae >nylon-6 (B) > nylon-6 (A) > polypropylene>polyester.
These values in hydrophilic and hydrophobic media were the reverse of those in soil deposition.
The present results obtained in the model system appear applicable to the soiling system in detergency.

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A study was made of the mechanism for the phosphorylation of alcohol (ROH) with highly concentrated phosphoric acid (105% phosphoric acid).
¹⁷O-NMR analysis of monooctyl phosphate (C₈-MAP), obtained by reaction of ¹⁷O labeled octyl alcohol (C₈-R¹⁷OH) with 105% phosphoric acid, indicated the ¹⁷O of (C₈-R¹⁷OH) to be incorporated in the bond of R-O-P of MAP (Fig.-1, Table-1). The mechanism for the reaction of ROH with 105% phosphoric acid is thus not nucleophilic substitution on α-carbon of ROH with phosphoric acid (Scheme-1 B), but nucleophilic substitution on phosphoryl P atom with oxygen of ROH (Scheme-1 A). The results of FAB (Pos.) -MS spectroscopic analysis of a reaction mixture of ¹⁸O labeled n-octyl alcohol (C₈-R¹⁸OH) with 105% phosphoric acid also support this mechanism (Table-2).

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All positional isomers of methyl α-D-glucopyranoside mono-laurates were selectively prepared. The position of the acyl-chain of each mono-laurate isomer was confirmed by means of ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy.
The surface tension of aqueous solutions of mono-laurates was measured at 25°C. From surface tension isotherms, the efficiency of surface tension reduction, surface excess concentration, area per molecule in the surface layer, and standard free energy of adsorption were determined. The efficiency of surface tension reduction (_pC₂₀), defined as-log C_π=20, decreased in the order 6->4-_??_ 2->3-laurate. The order of decrease in minimum surface area per molecule (A) was 4-_??_6->2-_??_3-laurate. The standard free energy of adsorption (-Δ G) decreased in the order 6->4-_??_2->3-laurate.
The influence of the orientation of pyranoide ring on surface area per molecule and standard free energy of adsorption are discussed based on these results.

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