All issues
Volume 46 (1993)
- Issue 6 Pages 451-
- Issue 5 Pages 379-
- Issue 4 Pages 271-
- Issue 3 Pages 199-
- Issue 2 Pages 107-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Predecessor
Volume 46, Issue 2
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
Its Significance in Luxusconsumption and HypernutritionTakashi SHIMAZU1993 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 107-116
Published: 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (2384K) -
Jun KASHIMURA, Takashi HARA, Yoshikazu NAKAJIMA1993 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 117-122
Published: 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing seven healthy volunteers, the effects of feeding isomaltulose-based oligomers (IBO) on the composition of feces, such as pH, contents of organic acids, putrefaction products (phenol, indol, skatol andp-creso1) and ammonia, activities ofβ-glucosidase andβ-glucuronidase and microflora pattern were investigated. The experiment was performed during 2 successive periods of 1O days each. The first period was the pre-test period, and the next was the test period. Twenty grams of IBO was administered daily to volunteers during the test period. The diet patterns of volunteers in the pre-test period were repeated during the test period. Freshly voided fecal samples were collected from all the subjects on the 5th and 7th day of each period. As a result of IBO feeding, the contents of lactic acid, formic acid and acetic acid were significant1y increased, and the fecal pH value was significantly decreased. Intestinal putrefaction and ammonia contents were decreased by IBO feeding, but the changes were not significant. Cansistent with our previous studies, the number of bifidobacteria and the percentage of this microorganism relative to the total fecal microflora were significantly increased. β-glucosidase activity was also increased significantly by the IBO feeding.View full abstractDownload PDF (1216K) -
Atsutane OHTA, Naomi OSAKABE, Kazuhiko YAMADA, Yasuhiro SAITO, Hidemas ...1993 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 123-129
Published: 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of administration of lactose (LA), fructooligosaccharides (FO) and other oligosaccharides (galactooligosaccharides: GO, isomaltooligosaccharides: IM, raffinose: RF) in the diet on absorption of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and phosphorus (P) in weanling male rats were examined by in vivo studies. in rats fed the FO diet, Ca, Mg and P absorption was significantly higher than in rats fed the LA diet. FO had a dose-dependent effect on mineral absorption (Exp.1). The enhancement of Ca, Mg and P absorption by FO persisted for as long as one month. A significant increase in the ash and mineral contents of the femur was observed in rats fed the FO diet, as compared with controls (Exp.2). FO had a positive effect on mineral absorption, and GO and RF had similar but somewhat variable effects. However, IM had no effect (Exp.3). There was a significantly positive correlation between mineral absorption and L-lactate concentration in the cecum. It was suggested that L-lactate concentration in the cecum had a direct effect on mineral absorption (Exp.3).View full abstractDownload PDF (1465K) -
Shigeru WAKABAYASHI, Yuka UEDA, Akira MATSUOKA1993 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 131-137
Published: 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecently we developed a low-viscosity water-soluble dietary fiber, indigestible dextrin (PF-C), obtained by heating and enzyme treatment of potato starch. In this study we conducted an oral sugar tolerance test in rats in order to evaluate the effects of PF-C on blood glucose and insulin flattening after administration of various sugars. The results are summarized as follows: 1) The increase in blood glucose levels after sucrose and maltose (1.5g/kg body weight) loading was reduced by PF-C (0.15g/kg body weight). Insulin release after sucrose, maltose or maltodextrin loading was decreased by PF-C. 2) PF-C did not inhibit sucrase and maltase activities in rat intestinal mucosa cell homogenate. 3) To evaluate the effect of PF-C on glucose, sucrose and maltose absorption, an experiment was performed using the intestinal perfusion technique in situ. PF-C had no effect on glucose absorption, but decreased the absorption of hydrolyzed glucose derived from sucrose and maltose, with no change in the hydrolysis of the latter disaccharides.View full abstractDownload PDF (1431K) -
Hiroharu MORI, Masaki TERAHARA, Masahiro TAKAHASHI, Megumi IWATA, Hiro ...1993 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 139-145
Published: 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe inhibitory effects of yogurt and yogurt whey on the production of putrefactive metabolites by intestinal bacteria were studied in vitro. Indole production by Esherichia coli 0-601 was found to decrease markedly upon addition of 3% yogurt whey, and the tryptophanase activity of the cells grown in the medium with yogurt whey was lower than that of cells grown in control medium. It was found that the decrease in tryptophanase activity was due mainly to repression by lactose from the yogurt whey. Ammonia production by Proteus mirabilis 7082 was inhibited slightly by addition of 3% yogurt whey in ureafree medium. Strain 7082 was found to possess urease and the enzymes which produce ammonia from amino acids such as arginine, leucine, aspartic acid, and asparagine. This strain produced ammonia when grown in medium containing each amino acid as the sole nitrogen source. The activities of these ammonia-producing enzymes were decreased in the low-pH reaction mixture. In addition, phenol production by Clostridium perfringens 7083 was inhibited slightly when grown in medium with 3% yogurt. It appeared that the lower phenol production was due to the decrease in culture pH with the growth of lactic acid bacteria.View full abstractDownload PDF (1493K) -
Taishi ODA, Seiichiro AOE, Hiroo SANADA, Yuko AYANO1993 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 147-153
Published: 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of various amounts of oat and barley gums added to the diet on plasma and liver lipid concentrations were examined in cholesterol-fed rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 5 weeks, were fed diets containing the oat or barley gums corresponding to 0%, 1%, 2%, or 4% soluble fiber for 9 days. Plasma triglyceride, liver cholesterol, and liver triglyceride concentrations were lower in rats fed the diets containing 1-4% oat gum and 2-4% barley gum than in rats fed the gum-free diet. None of the gums had any significant effect on plasma cholesterol concentration. The diet containing 4% oat gum increased the fecal excretion of total lipids. Fecal excretion of acidic steroids was higher in rats fed the diets containing 2-4% oat gum and 1% barley gum than in rats fed the gum-free diet. Neither of the gums had any significant effect on the fecal excretion of neutral steroids. These results indicate that the minimum amounts of oat and barley gums, which act as lipid-lowering compounds, are 1% and 2% fiber in the diet, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (1529K) -
Atsushi OKIYAMA, Shigeru YAMANAKA, Fumiyuki TAKEHISA1993 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 155-159
Published: 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBacterial cellulose (BC) is a pasty product made of the gelatinous cellulose formed by Acetobacter aceti. To determine whether its high water-holding capacity influences bowel function, fecal excretion and transit time were measured in rats fed a diet containing 5% BC, cellulose powder or guar gum. Rats fed BC showed the greatest increase in fecal weight. The number of fecal pellets in this group was three times greater than that of the other groups. Addition of BC to the diet decreased the tiansit time from 25.6h to 12.8h. Both BC and guar gum, decieased neutral steiol excretion in feces and increased fecal bile acid excretion. The proportion of coprostanol to total neutral steiols in the cecum was not significantly different between rats fed BC and these fed the fibei-free diet.View full abstractDownload PDF (1119K) -
Yoji KATO, Mika AKIYAMA1993 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 161-166
Published: 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe permeability of water-insoluble dietary fiber from Japanese radish to authentic dextrans and maltodextrins was investigated by gel-filtration chromatography. A column of the fiber was found to resolve dextrans and maltodextrins of molecular weight 2.0×103-5.0×5, although the resolving power of the column was rather low. Maltodextrins of molecular weight less than about 2.0×103 completely permeated into the pores of the wall matrix in the dietary fiber. The physiological role of waterinsaluble dietary fiber is discussed on the basis of these results.View full abstractDownload PDF (1002K) -
Goro KAJIMOTO, Yuki KANOMI, Yuko TSUSHIMA, Yasuharu KAMATA, Hiromi YOS ...1993 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 167-173
Published: 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTanthu (dánjuan) was fried with soybean oil, and the amounts of cholesterol that migrated into the frying oil from the Tanthu were measured by preparative thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography. Model experiments on the decomposition of cholesterol in oil and the influence of cholesterol on the deterioration of oil were carried out. Methyl esters of fatty acids and soybean oil (20g) with (0.1% added) or without cholesterol were heated in glass tubes (2.7x20cm) at 180°C. The amounts of unsaponifiable materials and cholesterol in frying oil increased in accordance with the frequency of frying. The degree of decomposition of cholesterol during heating was higher in linoleate than in oleate and soybean oil. Addition of cholesterol had no preventive effect on the deterioration of methyl esters of fatty acids and oil.View full abstractDownload PDF (1273K) -
Tadahiro TADOKORO, Masahiro WADA, Kazuhiro YAMADA, Takeshi IIJIMA, Osa ...1993 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 175-178
Published: 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA study was undertaken to clarify the total loss of vitamins that occurs in cabbages during the time from harvest to preparation. Conditions of storage and cooking employed stimulated as closely as possible those prevailing in the vegetable marketing system and in normal cooking. Loss of vitamins B1, B2, C and carotene from cabbage with storage time and after cooking was measured, and the following results were obtained. 1) There was no vitamin loss during 60 h of storage except for vitamin C, but during storage for 8 days, vitamins B1, B2 and C tended to decrease. 2) The biggest total vitamin loss among all the conditions tested occured upon boiled for vitamin B1, the degree of loss being 59%. In the case of stir-frying, the degrees of vltamln C and carotene loss were 25% and 29%, respectively, but there was no or only slight loss of vitamins B1 and B2.View full abstractDownload PDF (873K) -
Ichiko OSHITA, Hisayuki KANAMORI, Mari MIZUTA, Ikunori SAKAMOTO1993 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 179-182
Published: 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe formation of β-carboline derivatives during the brewing of soy sauce was examined on a laboratory scale. 1-Methyl-1, 2, 3, 4 tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (MTCA) and 1-hydroxymethyl-furyl-β-carboline (1-HMF-BC) were formed largely in the middle and latter stage of brewing, respectively. Both of them were increased by pasteurization. A little 1-furylβ-carboline (1-F-BC) was formed during brewing, and the content was increased by pasteurization. In addition, the changes in β-carboline derivatives during storage at 4, 20 and 30°C for 60 days were examined. MTCA was unchanged after storage. 1-HMF-BC in Koikuchi Shoyu (regular fermented) and Koikuchi Shoyu (semi-fermented) were increased 1.7- and 1.6-fold after storage at 30°C, respectively. Heating did not increase the amount of 1-HMF-BC in soy sauce after storage at 30°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (740K) -
Seisaku YOSHIDA, Kyoko SENDA1993 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 183-187
Published: 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe process of digestion and absorption of human mineral nutrients, copper, zinc and iron, was analyzed from the standpoint of solubility and molecular size using homogenized composite diet samples. Part of the homogenate was digested in vitro by pepsin, followed by pancreatin, thus mimicking the human gastrointestinal process. The percentages of solubilized molecules of total copper, zinc and iron were not increased by pepsin digestion alone at pH 1.5 for 4h. After successive pancreatic digestion (20h), the copper became 63% solubilized on average, zinc about 50%, and iron about 79%. Gel chromatography of the soluble fraction after pepsinpancreatin digestion revealed that almost all of the soluble copper was localized in fractions with a molecular weight of less than 3, 000, zinc was localized in two molecular weight fractions (>30, 000 and <3, 000), and iron over a wide molecular weight range. These results suggest that low availability of iron in food might be due partly to a paucity of soluble iron complexes of molecular weight less than 5, 000.View full abstractDownload PDF (994K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|