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Volume 46, Issue 1
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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Yasutoshi MUTO1993 Volume 46 Issue 1 Pages 1-8
Published: February 10, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
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Fumihiko HORIO1993 Volume 46 Issue 1 Pages 9-21
Published: February 10, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
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A Study Based on a 9-week Dietary Consumption SurverHiromi ISHIDA, Masakazu KIKUCHI, Tetsuro HONGO, Tsuguyosi SUZUKI1993 Volume 46 Issue 1 Pages 23-31
Published: February 10, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA 9-week dietary consumption survey was conducted on eight young women, and biochemical parameters (plasma Zn, plasma retinol, plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP) concentrations) were measured on the starting day, and on the day after the consumption survey. Gustatory functions for salt (salt taste threshold, salt preference and perceived saltiness intensity) were tested during the survey as a baseline, and in a 3-day period 2 months after the survey for preference and saltiness. There were no significant differences in biochemical parameters between the two measurements, i. e. at the start and after the survey, and there were significant correlations between pairs of values for each of the parameters obtained at the two measurement times. Plasma RBP after the survey showed a significant negative correlation with the intake per kg body weight of retinol and the retinol potency value of dietary consumption for a 9-week period, since day-to-day variations in individuals' daily intake were extremely large for both the latter parameters. In this case, therefore, plasma RBP concentrations would not be a good indicator of retinol and retinol potency intake. There was a significant negative correlation between the recognition threshold for salt and the plasma retinol level.View full abstractDownload PDF (1635K) -
Hideo KATO, Minako ISHIKURA, Michiko OKA, Kazumi MUNEMASA, Tsunemi OKA ...1993 Volume 46 Issue 1 Pages 33-38
Published: February 10, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSince various functions of the body have their own biorhythms adapted to the living environment, it is considered that the reactivity of physical locomotion may vary depending on the time of day when exercise is performed. In this study, in order to assess differences in locomotive capacity according to the time of day, 18 male high school baseball players were tested for physical strength in the morning (8: 00) and evening (18: 00). Furthermore, the time differences in endocrine and metabolic responses after physical exercise were assessed according to biorhythms. (1) Physical capacity changed according to the time of evaluation, and was greater in the evening than in the morning. (2) Among physiological functions that determine the development of physical strength, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and growth hormone glasma levels were higher after evening exercise than after morning exercise. (3) The increase in urinary excretion of 3-methylhistidine (degradation index of muscle protein) after exercise was smaller in the evening than in the morning. These findings suggest that evening exercise promotes the development of physical strength more than morning exercise.View full abstractDownload PDF (1156K) -
Tetsuo YAMADA, Shigeji MURAMATSU, Tetsuzo TAKAHASHI1993 Volume 46 Issue 1 Pages 39-46
Published: February 10, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA study was designed to determine whether the increased sweat sodium (Na) and potassium (K) losses induced by moderate or heavy exercise are compensated for by a decrease in their urinary excretion within 9h. Five healthy men served as the subjects. The experiment consisted of four consecutive days: pre-control day, control day (C), moderate exercise day (ME) and heavy exercise day (HE). Exercise was loaded for 40min with a bicycle ergometer at a target intensity of 60% or 80% of VO2max during the exercise period (from 9: 00 to 11: 00) on both the ME and HE. During the exercise period, sweat Na and K excretions were increased, especially on the HE. Urinary Na excretion was decreased, especially on the HE, whereas K excretion was almost unchanged on the ME and decreased on the HE. Consequently, the sum of sweat and urinary Na excretion was increased, especially on the HE, whereas K excretion was almost the same on the ME and HE. On the other hand, during the recovery period (from 11: 00 to 19: 00), urinary K excretion was larger on the ME than on the C. From 9: 00 to 19: 00 including both the exercise and recovery period, the sum of sweat and urinary K excretion was larger on the ME than on the C. It is concluded that no overall wholebody Na loss is apparent on either the ME or HE, while the overall K loss increases on the ME within 9h after exercise under the present experimental conditions.View full abstractDownload PDF (1766K) -
Nobuko TSUJIHARA, Yumiko TANI1993 Volume 46 Issue 1 Pages 47-52
Published: February 10, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of exposure to noise and voluntary exercise on serum, liver and femur components were investigated in rats. Male Wistar rats (100-130g) were divided into three groups: non-noise and non-exercise (control) group, noise and non-exercise (N-NE) group, noise and exercise (N-E) group. All animals were fed a commercial diet (vitamin C-free CL-2: autaclaved at 121°C for 15 min) ad libitum for an experimental period of one, two or three weeks. The noise-forced rats were exposed to a noise of 3, 000Hz, 95 phone, for 8h per day. The exercise group was allowed voluntary exercise in a cage wheel equippied with a recorder. Urinary corticosterone excretion increased significantly in the N-NE group, but the value in the N-E group was as low as that in the control group. Ratio of urinary Ca excretion to Ca intake was significantly higher in the noise-forced groups than in the control group for one and two weeks, but did not change among the three groups for three weeks. The Ca content of the femur in the N-NE group was significantly decreased for one week, but was increased after two weeks, compared with the control group. Exercise controlled the reduction of the femur Ca content after one week of noise exposure, and caused an increase after two weeks, compared with the control group. Significant increases in the TBA value in both serum and liver were observed under noise exposure, and were mostly depressed by exercise.View full abstractDownload PDF (1189K) -
Detection by the Immunocytochemical and Champy-Maillet (ZIO) Methods and Quantitation by Analytical PhotographyMichiko SUZUKI1993 Volume 46 Issue 1 Pages 53-62
Published: February 10, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe distribution and morphology of the myenteric plexus in various portions (esophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, rectum) of the rat gastrointestinal tract was examined immunocytochemically using and improved peroxidase-antiperoxidase method with antiserum against S100b protein, and by the Champy-Maillet (ZIO) method, and quantified by analytical photography. The myenteric plexus was distributed from the esophagus to the rectum and extended continuously through the various portions of the gastrointestinal tract, being visualized as a network. The network was formed by ganglia and connecting nerve strands, which had a characteristic regular form, although not a geometrical pattern, in each portion. In the esophagus, the fundus and the cecum, there was a loose network consisting of a few small ganglia and nerve strands. In the pylorus, the network was denser than that in the fundus. The density of the network in the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) increased in the order duodenum, jejunum and ileum. In the colon, the network was especially dense and the ganglia were confluent with each other, being so large that they were not easy to separate individually. In the rectum, the network showed a regular pattern.View full abstractDownload PDF (7361K) -
Kunie SASAKI, Toshio ASANO, Jun-ichi OH-ISHI, Taisuke SUGIHARA, Izumi ...1993 Volume 46 Issue 1 Pages 63-68
Published: February 10, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe examined the effects of addition of dietary fiber to a liquid enteral diet on gastrointestinal function and morphology in rats. The following diets were given to male Wistar rats for 2 weeks: standard rat chow (5.45g/100 kcal dietary fiber, CE-2 group); a liquid enteral diet containing dietary fiber (1.0g/100kcal microcrystalline cellulose, L-X group); a liquid enteral diet containing no fiber (EN group). As parameters reflecting gastrointestinal function, gastrointestinal motility and transit time were measured. The number of beads remaining in the stomach and the mobility of beads in the small intestine were significantly lower in the EN group (p<0.01) than in the other two groups. The gastrointestinal transit time was significantly prolonged in the EN group (p<0.01) and the L-X group (p<0.05) compared with the CE-2 group. The duodenal villous height was significantly reduced in the EN group (p<0.01) compared with the other two groups, and the CE-2 group showed the highest distal ileal villous height, followed by the L-X group. These results suggest that administration of a liquid enteral diet containing fiber (microcrystalline cellulose) maintains the normal function and morphology of the gastrointestinal tract.View full abstractDownload PDF (4944K) -
Hisatoshi SHIMOKAWA, Yasuhiko TAKEDA, Kouichi WADA, Toshio SHIMIZU1993 Volume 46 Issue 1 Pages 69-76
Published: February 10, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe hydrolysis of theanderose, 6G-α-D-glucosyl-sucrose, was examined by an in vitro digestion method. No hydrolysis was observed using salivary and pancreatic amylases. Theanderose was partially hydrolyzed by artificial gastric juice (3.7%). Small-intestinal enzymes hydrolyzed 58.2% of theanderose, producing fructose, glucose and sucrose. It was observed that theanderose was partially hydrolyzed between the mouth and small intestine, and the residue would enter the large intestine. Therefore we investigated the utilization of theanderose by various intestinal bacteria in vitro. Theanderose was utilized by all Bifidobacterium species except for B. bifidum, but was not utilized by Clostridum and Escherichia. Furthermore, the utilization of theanderose by Bifidobacterium was higher than fructooligosaccharide (FOS), and the selectivity of Bifidobacterium was higher for theanderose than for isomaltose and FOS. These results suggest that intake of theanderose selectively promotes the growth of intestinal bifidobacteria.View full abstractDownload PDF (1192K) -
Shigeo AIBARA, Kanae UMEKI, Katsumi SHIBATA, Takahiko HIGASA, Kiyoshi ...1993 Volume 46 Issue 1 Pages 77-82
Published: February 10, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMicrostructures in the endosperms of newly polished rice that had been freshly harvested and those f rice polished after having been in storage, were found to show no outstanding differences. As to the surface of the polished rice grains, however, aleurone particles were removed almost completely from the surface of fresh rice by the polishing process, and only aleurone cell membranes were left behind. In contrast, the surface of stored rice was found to be covered completely with aleurone particles even after being polished. Numerous characteristic small holes appeared on the surface and in the starchy endosperm of rice cooked soon after being harvested, but they were not observed in rice cooked after storage, unless it had first been exposed to a high-voltage electric field (HVEF), in which case the small holes were limited to part of the grain periphery. The latter phenomenon was more pronounced in cases where the rice was exposed to HVEF while being soaked in water prior to cooking than in cases where the rice was exposed directly. We can conclude that the presence of small holes in the peripheral layer (as seen in cross-section) of the grain surface is dependent on the state of water imbibed during exposure to HVEF.View full abstractDownload PDF (6643K) -
Goro KUWATA, Satoshi IWATSUKI, Sumiko TOYAMA, Masatake IMAI1993 Volume 46 Issue 1 Pages 83-88
Published: February 10, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe inhibitory activity of inositol phosphate (IP) against calcium phosphate precipitation was studied in vitro. Each inositol phosphate was fractionated by ion-exchange column chromatography after a mixture of inositol phosphates had been obtained by enzymatic dephosphorylation of sodium phytate. The activity of IP was determined by monitoring the amount of soluble calcium, including free ionizable calcium and soluble complexes of calcium, and used as an index of calcium bioavailability. The effect of IP concentration on its activity was studied between 1×10-3, and 10-5 M. The activities of all IP types were quite similar at 1×10-5M, which was equal to that of the control. The intensity of activity at 1×10-4M was IP2=IP4>IP3>IP5>IP6 (the numbers standing for the numbers of phosphate ions bound to a single inositol). The activities were variable between 1×10-4 and 1×10-3M.The activity of IP2 increased between 1×10-4 and 3×10-4M, but was unchanged at more than 3×10-4 M, whereas those of IP3 and IP4 were unchanged and decreased, respectively. Furthermore, tests for phosphate behavior in the reaction mixture suggested that calcium ions were bound to phosphate in IP, and not to inorganic phosphate. The molar ratio of calcium to phosphate was 1: 1 in any calcium IP precipitation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1164K) -
Misako KAWAKAMI, Kazuki KANAZAWA, Hiroshi DOI1993 Volume 46 Issue 1 Pages 89-91
Published: February 10, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of lipid peroxides on microtubule assembly was investigated. Microtubule formation from bovine brain tubulin was inhibited dosedependently by lipid hydroperoxides produced from commercial lecithin by photooxidation. This indicates the possibility of in vivo interaction of tubulin with lipid peroxides. Thus, it is possible that this interaction may be a cause of some brain diseases, based on observations of the cytoskeleton in Alzheimer's disease, and the hypothesis that the microtubule system is damaged in this disease.View full abstractDownload PDF (639K)
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