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Volume 67 (2014)
- Issue 6 Pages 283-
- Issue 5 Pages 237-
- Issue 4 Pages 171-
- Issue 3 Pages 119-
- Issue 2 Pages 65-
- Issue 1 Pages 3-
Predecessor
Volume 67, Issue 2
Displaying 1-4 of 4 articles from this issue
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Review
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(JSNFS Award for Excellence in Research (2013) )Kunio Torii2014 Volume 67 Issue 2 Pages 65-72
Published: 2014
Released on J-STAGE: April 21, 2014
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt has been revealed that the brain mechanisms related to cognition of and adaptation to L-lysine (Lys) deficiency in rats involve the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) and related nuclei controlling appetite and food preference, and that intake of particular nutrients shows plasticity in response to Lys in the diet. Similar plastic changes occur in the nucleus solitalis in response to gustatory and visceral information. This plasticity is induced by activin A activity in the brain. In addition, highly plastic changes in the LHA associated with auditory, olfactory and gustatory triggers are also observed. It has been demonstrated quantitatively that rats with Lys deficiency show a tendency to ingest Lys from among a variety of amino acids in solution, and display a preference for monosodium L-glutamate (MSG) solution while reducing their intake of sodium chloride, indicating normalization of protein nutrition status. With regard to other nutritional roles of free L-glutamate, it has been clarified that the vagal afferent fibers in the gastric branch respond specifically to glutamate alone, contributing to cognition of food intake and subsequent control of digestion, absorption and metabolism for efficient nutrient utilization in the body. Furthermore, this glutamate signaling from the stomach to the brain stimulates learning and memory function, as well as diet-induced thermogenesis, preventing the development of obesity.View full abstractDownload PDF (1006K)
Original Papers
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Yasuna Kitano, Taro Honma, Yu Hatakeyama, Yuri Jibu, Yuki Kawakami, Ts ...2014 Volume 67 Issue 2 Pages 73-85
Published: 2014
Released on J-STAGE: April 21, 2014
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSince the Japanese are known for their long life span, it has been theorized that a Japanese-style diet has potential for health promotion. To identify the health effects of components of the Japanese diet that have changed over the last five decades, we conducted a study to examine their influence on obesity in mice. Based on National Nutrition Survey data, one-week menus of Japanese foods representative of those that used to be consumed in 2005, 1990, 1975 and 1960 were prepared, cooked, and powderized. Each of these diets was given to ICR mice for four weeks. It was found that Japanese food representative of 1975 suppressed lipid accumulation in white adipose tissue and expansion of adipocytes. To examine the underlying mechanisms responsible, we conducted DNA microarray analysis of the liver, which is responsible for lipid energy metabolism, and found that Japanese food representative of 1975 promoted the expression of genes related to high-energy expenditure. We then prepared purified diets mimicking Japanese foods from each period based on their energy balance of protein, fat and carbohydrate, and fed them to mice for four weeks. No significant differences in white adipose tissue weight were evident among the four groups. Overall, our findings suggested that Japanese foods typical of the period around 1975 are more effective than modern Japanese foods for preventing obesity, and that this effect is not dependent on energy balance.View full abstractDownload PDF (1040K) -
Fumiko Sakai, Hiroe Suzuki, Yumina Miyai, Mika Yorita, Mariko Asano, K ...2014 Volume 67 Issue 2 Pages 87-94
Published: 2014
Released on J-STAGE: April 21, 2014
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study examined the effects of allergy induction under restraint stress conditions on the immune function of mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes and bone density in Brown Norway rats, a rat model that is genetically predisposed to allergic diseases. Stress caused by a restraint net affected the plasma corticosterone level and dietary bulk as well as body weight immediately after stress application. The rate of increase in bone density under stress conditions was lower in allergy-induced rats than in rats where the allergy was not induced. The levels of plasma immunoglobulin (Ig) E, IgG1, IgG2a, ovalbumin (OVA) -specific IgE, OVA-specific IgG1, and OVA-specific IgG2a in allergy-induced rats significantly increased after stress application. In addition, the levels of OVA-specific IgE, OVA-specific IgG1, and IL-10 in mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes were significantly increased after stress application. These findings suggest that allergy induction under conditions of stress greatly affects local immune responses in the intestinal canal, resulting in induction of Th2 differentiation and also having an influence on bone density.View full abstractDownload PDF (918K) -
Hisayuki Nakayama, Takashi Tanaka, Yuji Miyata, Yoshinori Saito, Toshi ...2014 Volume 67 Issue 2 Pages 95-103
Published: 2014
Released on J-STAGE: April 21, 2014
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe developed a new fermented tea made from unripe mandarin orange fruits and third crop green tea leaves by using a processing machine for green tea. Kneading of unripe mandarin orange fruits and third crop green tea leaves increased the solubility of hesperidin in water, hot water and ethanol. Under conditions whereby unripe orange fruits and green tea leaves were mixed at the ratio of 1 to 3 and kneaded for 20 min, the elution rate of hesperidin was maximal. This fermented tea included synephrine, narirutin, hesperidin, catechins and black tea polyphenols. The elution rate of hesperidin to water was increased by adding a black tea extract fraction composed primarily of epigallocatechin-gallate and black tea polyphenols. This new fermented tea made from unripe mandarin orange fruits and third crop green tea leaves may serve as a new functional food material because it increases the solubility of hesperidin.View full abstractDownload PDF (894K)
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