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Volume 58 (2005)
- Issue 6 Pages 307-
- Issue 5 Pages 259-
- Issue 4 Pages 177-
- Issue 3 Pages 131-
- Issue 2 Pages 51-
- Issue 1 Pages 3-
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Volume 58, Issue 6
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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Yasuhiro Saito, Masami Saitou, Kunio Yamamoto, Mitsuhiro Nagao, Kaoru ...2005 Volume 58 Issue 6 Pages 307-313
Published: December 10, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of ingestion of young barley insoluble dietary fiber concentrate (BDFC) on cecal production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), fecal output and organ weight were examined in rats. The rats were fed either a control diet containing 5% cellulose powder or experimental diets containing 4.7, 7.8 or 15.7% BDFC (dietary fiber in BDFC accounting for 3, 5, or 10% of the diet, respectively) for 4 weeks. Although there was a significant difference in cecal n-butyrate concentration between the control and 4.7% BDFC groups, the fecal concentration of each and total SCFA, and the weight and pH of the cecal contents did not vary significantly among the 4 groups. There was a significant negative correlation (r=-0.518, p=0.002) between colo-rectal transit time and fecal dry weight in rats fed the experimental diets containing different levels of BDFC. Fecal wet weight and fecal dry weight of rats in the 7.8 and 15.7% BDFC groups were significantly higher than those of control rats. BDFC had a dose-dependent effect in increasing fecal weight (r=0.885, p<0.001) and fecal dry weight (r=0.973, p<0.001). These increases of fecal weight and improvements of bowel movement were probably attributable to the insoluble dietary fiber in BDFC.View full abstractDownload PDF (1081K) -
Atsumi Hayashi, Tomoko Nakayama, Kazuo Murakami, Yasuo Aoyagi, Koichi ...2005 Volume 58 Issue 6 Pages 315-321
Published: December 10, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNicotianamine has angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, and exhibits an antihypertensive effect upon long-term administration in SHR. We isolated nicotianamine from several types of plant and devised a quick and simple assay system for nicotianamine in plants using the HPLC method. In the present study using Tsukuba hypertensive mice (THM), we investigated the influence of nicotianamine on the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The THM is a hypertensive animal model prepared by introducing human renin and angiotensinogen genes into the C57BL/6 mouse. In THM, the cause of hypertension is a single factor, i.e. enhancement of the RAS. We measured nicotianamine concentration in the plasma of THM. It was confirmed that, after administration into the stomach, nicotianamine was absorbed from the intestine and detected in the blood. Consequently, the blood pressure decreased significantly for 6h after the administration of nicotianamine, and ACE activities in plasma, lung and kidney were decreased. It was suggested that the absorbed nicotianamine decreased the ACE activity and blood pressure.View full abstractDownload PDF (1036K) -
Fumiko Hayakawa, Masayo Nakamori, Akiko Okazaki, Naoko Koizuka, Chihar ...2005 Volume 58 Issue 6 Pages 323-328
Published: December 10, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe self-sufficiency rate in Japan is the lowest among the major developed countries. This study analyzed the self-sufficiency rate and evaluated factors that might increase it, based on a survey of meals taken by female students. The findings were as follows: 1) The average self-sufficiency rate among female students was 43%. 2) The self-sufficiency rate varied among meals; breakfast was 36±27%, lunch was 48±24%, dinner was 49±22%, and snacks accounted for 32±23% (mean±SD). 3) The average self-sufficiency rate for a meal in which rice was the staple food was approximately 60% while that for a non-rice meal was approximately 20%, indicating that the self-sufficiency rate differed markedly according to whether rice was consumed or not. 4) Foods other than rice contributed little to the self-sufficiency rate, but potatoes, vegetables and fish, which are regarded as traditional Japanese foods, made a significant contribution. 5) It is possible to raise the self-sufficiency rate in Japan by consuming rice as a staple food, traditional Japanese food as side dishes, and traditional Japanese confectionery and fruit as snacks.View full abstractDownload PDF (1098K) -
Hsuen-Ping Peng, Urara Shibata, Yutaka Yoshitake, Shinichi Saito, Naom ...2005 Volume 58 Issue 6 Pages 329-335
Published: December 10, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to examine the impact of habitual exercise on energy balance and nutritional status in middle-aged Japanese women. Twenty-eight subjects aged 39 to 58 years were assigned to a non-habitual exercise group (Control; n=12) or a habitual exercise group (Exercise; n=16). Total energy expenditure (TEE) was assessed by the doubly labeled water (DLW) method. Total energy intake (TEI) and nutritional status were evaluated based on a 3-day dietary record investigation during the DLW measurement period. TEI was significantly (p<0.01) higher in the Exercise group (2, 292±360kcal·day-1) than in the Control group (1, 887±315kcal·day-1). There was no significant difference between TEI and TEE in both groups. Moreover, a positive correlation was observed between TEI and TEE (r=0.434, p<0.05). These results suggest that an increase in energy expenditure by habitual exercise might be counterbalanced by an increase in dietary energy intake. In addition, whereas the Exercise group had higher dietary nutrient intake than the Control group, no significant difference was seen in dietary nutrient intakes per 1, 000kcal TEI between the two groups. Most of the dietary nutrient intakes were positively correlated with TEI. These results indicate that the increase in TEI accompanied by habitual exercise enhances dietary nutrient intake.View full abstractDownload PDF (1212K) -
2005's JSNFS Award for Excellence in ResearchTsuneyuki Oku2005 Volume 58 Issue 6 Pages 337-342
Published: December 10, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSaccharides that cannot be absorbed from the small intestine and do not increase blood glucose have not been considered useful for human health. However, we have demonstrated that intestinal bacteria can play an important role in the metabolism of non-digestible and/or non-absorbable saccharides, and that the concept of fermentation and absorption is essential when considering the value of foodstuffs for human health. It has also been demonstrated experimentally that non-digestible and/or non-absorbable saccharides are metabolized by intestinal bacteria to short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), carbon dioxide, hydrogen and methane, and that SCFAs can be a source of available energy in the host. Non-digestible and/or non-absorbable saccharides have a calorific value of 2kcal/g. Ingestion of a sufficiently high amount of non-digestible and/or non-absorbable saccharides can cause overt diarrhea in humans. The maximum permissive dosage of non-digestible and/or non-absorbable saccharides for producing transitory diarrhea was 0.3-0.4g/kg body weight. The value increases with repeated ingestion and can be a valuable component of the diet.View full abstractDownload PDF (901K) -
Young Investigator Award of the 2005's JSNFSSaiko Ikeda2005 Volume 58 Issue 6 Pages 343-350
Published: December 10, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo clarify the physiological functions of antioxidant vitamins, we studied the distribution of four stereoisomers of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and eight isoforms of vitamin E, and the effect of vitamin C or E on serum protein concentrations. L-Xyloascorbic acid uptake and accumulation in tissues of guinea pigs were higher than for any other stereoisomers, suggesting that the stereochemical structure of ascorbic acid might strongly contribute to its kinetic behavior. α-and γ-tocotrienols were accumulated in adipose tissue and skin of rats fed a diet containing α- and γ-tocopherols and tocotrienols in spite of the low affinity of tocotrienol for α-tocopherol transfer protein. Inhibition of vitamin E metabolism by cytochrome P450 3A inhibitors, sesame lignan and ketoconazole, markedly increased the γ-tocopherol concentration in tissues and serum of rats fed γ-tocopherol. The effect of vitamin C or E on serum protein concentration in rats was also studied. Vitamin C deficiency changed the serum concentrations of interleukin-6, glucocorticoid and some acute phase proteins, while vitamin E deficiency had no influence. These results suggest that vitamin C deficiency causes physiological changes similar to those that occur in an acute phase response.View full abstractDownload PDF (2948K)
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