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Volume 50 (1997)
- Issue 6 Pages 391-
- Issue 5 Pages 343-
- Issue 4 Pages 251-
- Issue 3 Pages 205-
- Issue 2 Pages 111-
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Volume 50, Issue 6
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Katsumi IMAIZUMI1997 Volume 50 Issue 6 Pages 391-395
Published: December 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIncreased levels of serum cholesterol (CHO) are associated with a risk of coronary artery disease. The beneficial effect of various dietary components on hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis was reviewed based on our animal experiments. Exogenously hypercholesterolemic (ExHC) rats, a strain susceptible to dietary CHO, show increased secretion of β-very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and reduced uptake of lipoproteins by the liver. Exposure of ExHC rats to a high-cholesterol diet in early life exerted a long-lasting effect leading to transient suppression of hypercholesterolemia in later life. Dietary polyunsaturated fats, particularly those containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), were effective in lowering serum lipid levels in comparison with saturated fats, but stearic acid-containing fats were less hypercholesterolemic because they interrupted the intestinal absorption of CHO. The hypocholesterolemic action of dietary phosphatidylethanolamine was attributed to the ethanolamine constituent, which prevented methylation of the phospholipid to phosphatidylcholine in primary cultured hepatocytes, consequently leading to suppression of VLDL-CHO secretion. Soybean protein and DHA were found to be beneficial for reducing atherosclerosis in both ExHC rats and apo E-deficient mice.View full abstractDownload PDF (2743K) -
Yoko FUJIWARA1997 Volume 50 Issue 6 Pages 397-402
Published: December 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated the metabolism of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids and their effect on lipid metabolism. Rat hepatocytes were a good model for the study of Δ5-desaturation, while HepG2 cells did not have this activity. We found that sesamin, a lignan of sesame seed, inhibited the activity of Δ5-desaturation in n-6 fatty acids but not in n-3 fatty acids. This result was confirmed in vivo using rats fed diets rich in n-6 and n-3 fatty acids. Sesamin also inhibited the increase of n-3 fatty acids in the liver caused by a n-3 fatty acid-rich diet. Sesamin had a unique function in changing the balance of intermediate metabolites of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids. We also examined the effect of fatty acids on lipid metabolism in HepG2 cells. Linolenic acid (LLA) decreased the synthesis and secretion of TG from HepG2 cells while linoleic acid (LA) and γ-linolenic acid (GLA) reduced only the secretion of TG. LA increased the binding and uptake of LDL. LLA had a strong effect in promoting the catabolism of cholesterol. These results suggest that a change in n-6/n-3 balance caused by a dietary component such as sesamin can affect lipid metabolism.View full abstractDownload PDF (1219K) -
Nobue NAGASAWA, Fumiyo SATOH, Tomoko OZEKI, Hidemichi EBISAWA, Mineko ...1997 Volume 50 Issue 6 Pages 403-410
Published: December 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe role of institutional meal services in the daily nutrient intake of institutionalized elderly persons was examined in relation to their habitual eating between meals and eating out. One hundred and seventy-one female residents (aged 80.2±7.1 yr) of nursing homes for the elderly (NH), homes for the elderly (HE), and homes with moderate fees (HMF) voluntarily participated in this study. The results were as follows: 1) In all institutions, the residents did not consume 26.5-32.0% of the energy served, and the primary reason for the remaining food was an excess supply of dietary energy based on the current Recommended Dietary Allowances in Japan for NH homes and an increased frequency of eating between meals and eating out for HE and HMF. 2) The increase in the daily physical activity of residents decreased the proportion of daily nutrient intake obtained from institutional meals, and increased the proportion from additional foods ingested privately. These results indicate that the role of meal services in the daily nutrient intake of institutionalized elderly persons declines with an increase in the level of physical activity of residents.View full abstractDownload PDF (1703K) -
Daiji YOSHIHARA, Tuyoshi NAKAMURA, Minoru YANAI, Yasuyoshi TAKESHITA1997 Volume 50 Issue 6 Pages 411-416
Published: December 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA study was undertaken to clarify the effect of coexisting di-and tripeptides and amino acids on absorption of a nitrogen source. Absorption of amino acids from di-and tripeptides partially replaced with a free amino acid mixture was compared with that from a free amino acid mixture or di-and tripeptides or lactalbumin. Absorption was evaluated by calculating the area under the curve of amino acid concentration in portal vein plasma of rats for 120 min after administration of each nitrogen source. The absorption was maximal upon administration of the nitrogen source when di-and tripeptides and free amino acids were present. These results indicate that the transport mechanisms for amino acids and peptides in rats are independent and work simultaneously.View full abstractDownload PDF (1190K) -
Kayo TASHIRO, Rie NITTA, Jun MATSUYAMA, Chiaki ARAI, Mizuo YAJIMA, Isa ...1997 Volume 50 Issue 6 Pages 417-422
Published: December 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of dietary propionyl triglyceride (PTG) on body weight, serum and hepatic lipids, and the organic acid level in cecum and feces, were investigated in rats. The body weight gain over 14 days in the 5% PTG group was lowest upon comparison with those of the PTG-free (control) and 1% and 3% PTG groups. However, there were no significant differences in food efficiency ratio among the control and PTG groups. The serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in the PTG groups were lower than those in the control group, but the serum HDL-cholesterol concentration was almost the same among the various groups. The contents of hepatic total lipids, total cholesterol, and triglyceride in the PTG groups were lower than those in the control group, but the phospholipid content was higher in the PTG groups. The fecal excretion of neutral steroid was greater in the PTG groups than in the control group. There was little difference in the amounts of organic acids such as acetic, propionic, and butyric acids, except for lactic acid, in the cecal contents and feces among the groups.View full abstractDownload PDF (1426K) -
Zhi-bo YANG, Sumio ASAMI, Yoshiko TOYODA, Wataru HUJII, Yoshihide SUWA ...1997 Volume 50 Issue 6 Pages 423-428
Published: December 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated effects of astaxanthin on antitumor effector activities of immunocytes including NK cells suppressed by stress in mice in order to define the immunological significance of astaxanthin when combined with restraint stress treatment. When the mice given restraint stress alone, the total number of spleen cells, and NK cell activities per spleen were reduced to the lowest level on day 3, and restraint stress also caused a significant increase in lipid peroxidation of liver tissue. On the other hand, metastatic nodules were observed in the liver of syngenic DBA/2 mice on day 12 after inoculation with mastocytoma P815. The hepatic metastasis was promoted further by restraint stress when it was applied on day 3 before P815 inoculation. When astaxanthin was consecutively administered orally prior to the restraint stress treatment, asthaxanthin greatly reduced both the metastatic nodules and lipid peroxidation, and improved the NK cell activity that should have been reduced by restraint stress. These results suggest that astaxanthin may improve antitumor immune responses via inhibition of lipid peroxidation in the oxidation process caused by stress.View full abstractDownload PDF (1389K) -
Naomichi NISHIMURA, Kumi TOMINAGA, Shuhachi KIRIYAMA1997 Volume 50 Issue 6 Pages 429-437
Published: December 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe have shown previously that cecal fermentation plays an essential part in the hypocholesterolemic activity of beet fiber (BF) in rats. In the present study, we compared such activities of 10% plant cellulose (CL), 10% BF, 5% pectin (PE), 5% guar gum (GG), 5% konjac mannan (KM) and 5% arabinogalactan (AG) in rats fed a cholesterol-free diet (FF diet) for 43 days. Rats fed BF, GG or KM showed significantly lower plasma cholesterol concentrations, whereas PE showed only a slight effect. There was a significant negative correlation between plasma cholesterol concentration and the cecal pool size of total short-chain fatty acids or propionate, but not cecal acetate or n-butyrate. In vitro fermentation of 1g of GG by rat cecal bacteria produced 6.2 mmol of acetate, 1.2 mmol of propionate and 0.8 mmol of n-butyrate during a 12-h incubation. Cecal infusion of the products of the GG-fermentation (3 times/day) did not cause any reduction of the plasma cholesterol concentration in rats fed the FF diet.View full abstractDownload PDF (2055K) -
Yoshitaka NII, Kazuhiro FUKUTA, Ryoko KIYOKAGE, Kentaro SAKAI, Shigeru ...1997 Volume 50 Issue 6 Pages 439-443
Published: December 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn Tokushima Prefecture, sudachi (Citrus sudachi Hort. ex Shirai) is a major productive citrus fruit, and there is a dietary habit of putting sudachi juice on shirasuboshi (boiled and semi-dried whitebait), which is a food rich in calcium. Therefore we examined the effects of citrus fruit juices on solubilization of calcium from shirasuboshi. About 50% of total calcium was solubilized into the aqueous phase after addition of citrus fruit juices including sudachi, lemon (Citrus limon Burm. f.) and yuzu (Citrus yunos Sieb. ex Tanaka) to Shirasuboshi, and then accumulation of the calcium in the aqueous phase was observed upon standing for up to 70 min. Calcium solubilization from shirasuboshi was also observed when using sudachi juice adjusted to neutral or alkaline pH. Citric acid was found to be the major organic acid in sudachi juice at a concentration of 60mg/ml, which solubilized calcium from shirasuboshi, suggesting that citric acid in sudachi juice may play an important role in the solubilization phenomenon. Shirasuboshi mixed with sudachi juice was treated with pepsin followed by pancreatin to simulate the gastrointestinal digestion process, which resulted in almost 100% of total calcium in shirasuboshi being solubilized, compared with only 50-60% using vinegar or water instead of sudachi juice. These results suggest that the dietary habit of putting sudachi juice on shirasuboshi increases calcium absorption in vivo.View full abstractDownload PDF (1182K) -
Performance Liquid ChromatographyNaotaka HASHIZUME1997 Volume 50 Issue 6 Pages 445-447
Published: December 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStandard reference ranges for all laboratory test values are mandatory. This study was designed to establish a reference range for blood vitamin B1 levels, since the normal range has not been determined in the Japanese population. We founded the Japan Committee for Vitamin Laboratory Standards, which was incorporated with the Vitamin Society of Japan and the Japanese Society of Nutrition and Food Science. We standardized whole blood vitamin B1 levels using three HPLC techniques (post-calumn reverse-phase HPLC, pre-column reverse-phase HPLC, and precolumn GP-HPLC). The reference range was obtained in 54 volunteers administered a 1, 800 kcal diet with 2mg of vitamin B1 (1.74mg measured) daily to avoid marginat vitamin B1 deficiency in the population. The range for each assay was 26-47ng/ ml, 28-51ng/ml, and 28-56ng/ml, respectively. Our data suggest that 26-28ng/ml is the lower limit of normal for whole blood vitamin B1, but further studies in a larger population are needed in order to obtain more definitive results.View full abstractDownload PDF (587K) -
Toshiaki WATANABE, Tomomi TOBAI, Toru FUKUI1997 Volume 50 Issue 6 Pages 449-456
Published: December 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe biotin content of 153 baby foods made in Japan was microbiologically determined with Lactobacillus plantarum. Biotin concentrations ranged from 0 to 58.5μg/100g, and were highest in baby foods where ground cereals, meat and liver were the major food ingredients. Sixteen of the baby food samples, including “Rice or Bread gruel (pap), ” “ Chicken liver rice” and “Liver and vegetables” had more than 25μg/100g total biotin. On the other hand, baby fruit extracts were low in total biotin; concentrations below 5μg/ 100g were found in 28 of 30 samples, and biotin was undetectable in 4 samples. The daily biotin intake of infants fed baby foods and formulas was estimated to be 8.91μg at 5-6 months of age and 16.37μg at 7-8 months, which is likely to be lower than that recommended as a safe and adequate daily dietary intake by the US National Research Council These findings suggest that Japanese baby foods should be appropriately improved to maintain growth and good health in infants. Biotin should also be registered as a food additive in Japan.View full abstractDownload PDF (1439K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]1997 Volume 50 Issue 6 Pages 457-458
Published: December 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (434K)
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