Seven healthy sportswomen were given a thiamine-restricted diet (0.50-0.54mg thiamine/day), containing conventional Japanese foodstuffs for 9 days. During the following 10-day period, polished rice (160g/day) in the experimental diet was replaced by germrice (thiamine-supplemented diet, 0.79- 0.83mg thiamine/day).
Losses of thiamine by cooking the test diets were 37-39% for the diet containing polished rice and 21-24% for the diet containing germrice. Blood thiamine concentration was decreased and TPP effect of erythrocyte transketolase was increased after feeding the thiamine-restricted diet, and returned to the beginning level after 10 days on the diet containing, germrice. The carbohydrate metabolism index and urinary thiamine excretion level did not change by feeding either the thiamine-restricted or the thiamine-supplemented diet.

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Interrelationships of height (H), weight (W), triceps skinfold (TSF), subscapular skinfold (SSF), systolic blood, pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), which were measured for the subjects (age: 35-49 years old) of the National Nutrition Survey in 1981, were analysed to evaluate the usefulness of the body mass index (W/HH²) as an indicator of obesity.
(1) Among physical indides such as H, W, log W, W/H, log W/H, W/HH², log W/HH², W/H³, log W/H³, TSF, SSF and log SFS (100×log (10× (TSF+SSF) -18)), the strongest positive correladon with SBP or DBP was recognized for W/HH².
(2) Among indices composed from H and W, i. e., W/H, W/HH² and W/H³, the poorest correlation with H was noted for W/HH².
(3) Among indices except for skinfold values, the strongest positive correlation with skinfolds (TSF, SSF or log SFS) was recognized for W/HH².
(4) Prevalence rates of hypertensives by W/HH² increased linearly with W/HH² when it exceeded 22 in each sex.
(5) Prevalence rates of hypertensives by log SFS revealed different patterns between sexes, and did not show a simple increase with log SFS when log SFS became over 270 in men and over 290 in women.
From these results, W/HH² may be useful as an indicator of obesity but it can not be a substitute of skinfold in a wide range of obesity.

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Daily intake of fatty acids and cholesterol in the diets of infants between the ages of 1 and 3 years were determined.
1. Fat was extracted from a homogenized diet with chloroform-methanol. Fatty acids were analyzed by capillary-FID-GC after trans-methylation. GC column used was a crosslinked PEG-20 M fused silica (30m×0.32mm i. d.). Cholesterol was measured by FID-GC equipped with 2% SE-30 and 2% OV-17 packed glass column (2m×3mm i. d.).
2. Daily fat intakes were approximately 30g for all ages.
3. The means of cholesterol intake were 187mg (one-year-old), 166mg (two-year-old), 145mg (three-year-old), however a large variance of individual samples was observed.
4. The ranges of daily fatty acid intake was 9-10g for saturated fatty acids and 15-17g for unsaturated fatty acids. The proportian of unsaturates in the total fatty acids was found to be small compared with the recommended saturate-to-unsaturate ratio (1: 2). The ratios of total poly-unsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acid in all the diets were calculated to be below 1.0; especially in 90% of the diets of one-year-old infants was below 0.6.
The ratios of total mono-unsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acid ranged from 0.8 to 1.5 in 90% of diets. In the diet of infants the percentage of C_{20: 5} (0.1%) and C_{22: 6} (0.4%) in the fatty acid composition were very low as compared with those of adult, because infants took fat not mainly from fish but mainly from egg, meat and milk.
5. From these results, in order to increase the poly-unsaturated fatty acid intake, vegetable-oil and fish should be consumed.

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Maltase was purified from chick intestinal mucosa and its properties were compared with other species.
1. Chick intestinal maltase was purified from the papain-solubilized intestinal mucosa by ammonium sulfate fractionation, Sephadex G-200 column chromatography and DEAE Sephadex A-25 ion exchange column chromatography. The chick intestinal maltase was slightly retained on Sephadex G-200 column, although sucrase-isomaltase complex was not.
2. The molecular weight of the maltase was estimated as 260, 000 by polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis.
3. Km value of the maltase was 4.2mM and Vmax value was 488 μmol-substrate hydrolyzed/mg protein/hr. The maltase activity was competitively inhibited by Tris, K₁ value of which was 51.6mM. Furthermore, the maltase activity was inhibited completely by the heavy metal ions Ag⁺ and Hg²⁺, and partially by Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺. Optimal pH of the enzyme was 6.0.

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Applying the one-step process developed by Fujimaki., ¹⁵N-methionine (¹⁵N-Met) was incorporated into soy protein isolate (SPI) using Papain (EC 3.4.4.10) to obtain a ¹⁵N-Met incorporated plastein, with its Met level enhanced to that of whole egg protein.
This plastein contained 2.56mg Met/16mg N, which was equivalent to about twice that of the original SPI.
Ratios of Met to threonine (Thr) and of sulfur-containing amino acids to Thr in this plastein were higher than those in SPI and the essential amino acid pattern of this plastein was shown to be similar to that of whole egg Protein.
To examine the in vitro digestion process of this plastein, gel filtration on Sephadex G-25 (fine) or G-15 was done With in vitro digesta using Pepsin or pepsin-pancreatin. The ¹⁵N concentration was also determined on each fraction.
As the pepsin or pepsin-pancreatin digestion proceeded, ¹⁵N concentration in the fractions containing relatively small peptides increased.
Thus, this finding suggests that ¹⁵N-Met incorporated plastein is easily digested by these proteolytic enzymes.
Another experiment using these enzymes was undertaken to compare in vitro digestibility of this Plastein with that of SPI.
It was demonstrated that this plastein contains low molecular weight peptides soluble in 10% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) than SPI. From the standpoint of the TCA insoluble proteins the in vitro digestibility of SPI is higher than that of plastein.
In conclusion, the Met incorporated plastein appears to be a nutritionally excellent protein-like substance because the incorporated Met shows good digestibility in the in vitro digestion process and contributes to an improvement of nutritional values of constituent amino acids.

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Effects af caoking on fatty acid compositians, especially Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and Docosa- hexaenoic acid (DHA) contents in sardine were investigated by gas-liquid chromatagraphic analysis.
Fatty acid compositions of sardine remained unchanged after grilling and boiling. EPA and DHA contents of raw sardine (November catch) were 24.9, 31.7mg/g (edible portion) respectively. Grilling reduced, EPA and DHA in, sardines by 17% and 15% respectively. These decreases were almost directly proportional to the decrease (20%) of total lipids in sardines. In the case of boiled sardines, EPA and DHA contents did not decreased significantly. Though EPA and DHA were reported to be unstable, it was found that they were unexpectedly stable.
As the cost of EPA supplements was 12-36 times higher than that of sardine as a source of the same amounts of EPA and DHA, the intake of EPA and DHA from cooked sardine is recommended.

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Depending on the capacity factors and resolutions of vitamin K, YMC-PACK A-314 was selected from several kinds of commercially prepared ODS columns, and ethanol-H₂O (99: 1) was found to be most suitable mobile phase for this column.
Vitamin K was extracted from liquid milk, whole milk powder and vegetable oil by using hexaneethyl ether (1: 1). Vitamin K was easily separated from fat by single. step silica gel column chromato. graphy eluted with hexane-ethyl ether (97: 3). Unsatisfactory extraction or separation of vitamin K was observed in th e case of formulated milk powder for infants. Therefore, hydrolysis of fat by lipase is required before HPLC determination of formulated milk powder for infants.
Coefficients of variation were estimated as 9.2% for vitaminK₁ and 4.8% for vitamin K₂ in cow's raw milk, and recoveries were 97% for K₁ and 94% for K₂. Coefficients of variation for formulated milk powder for infants were estimated as 7.1%for vitamin K₁ and 11.6% for vitamin K₂, and recoveries were 95% both for K₁ and K₂.
The detection limit of vitamin K₁ or K₂ was calculated as 0.2μg/l for liquid milk, 1μg/kg for whole milk powder, 2μg/kg for vegetable oil or 2.5μg/kg for formulated milk powder for infants.

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Daily nutrient intake of two healthy adults (a male and a female) was measured for about fifteen months, and the daily variations were investigated.
The nutrient intakes of two subjects fluctuated considerably from day to day throughout the period of investigation. Although daily nutrient intakes did not show periodical change, most nutrient intakes decreased gradually during the period of investigation. It was found that a period between two and seven days was necessary for a dietary survey to grasp accurately the personal characteristics of the nutrient intakes.

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The nutrient intake of people living in areas of Sajison and Iwamicho of Tottori Prefecture was estimated using the Japanese Standard Food Composition Table. The means of nutrient intake for the group was sufficient to meet the Japanese Recommended Dietary. Allowances, though the estimated values for individuals varied considerably. The inter-individual variations in intake of vitamin A and D were especially great. The intake of vitamin A and sodium calculated from the table of nutrients for the food group was less than intake calculated from the Japanese Standard Food Composition Table.

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Camparative experiments of ammonia absorption were undertaken by the Wilson and Wiseman methods with everted sacs of the middle part of intestine and the cecum from seven-week-old germfree (GF) and conventianal (CVZ) rats fed on a commercial diet CL-2 (Clea Japan, Inc.) sterilized by auto-claving. The ammonia concentration ratio of serosal fluid (SF) to mucosal fluid (MF), i. e. SF/MF ratio in case of the middle gart of small intestine showed that the ammania absorption rate of GF rats was significantly higher than that of CVZ rats when the initial concentration of ammania in MF was 1 mM. This finding was verified by other experiments of ¹⁵N-ammonia absorption. Results of SF/MF ratios obtained by experiments of the cecum were uncertain.

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The effect of eritadenine, a hypocholesterolemic factor ef Shiitake mushroom Lentinus edodes, and excess methionine on the lipid contents of rat liver was investigated and the following results were obtained.
1) Addition of eritadenine and more than 0.45% methionine to the diet containing 18% casein decreased the plasma total cholesterol level, but total lipid in the liver exceeded 20%.
2) Addition of 8mg% eritadenine and up to 2.4% methionine to CLEA CE-2 diet did not affect the liver lipid level, but the plasma total cholesterol level increased slightly but significantly.

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