Nippon Eiyo Shokuryo Gakkaishi
Online ISSN : 1883-2849
Print ISSN : 0287-3516
ISSN-L : 0287-3516
Volume 63, Issue 2
Displaying 1-3 of 3 articles from this issue
Review
  • (2009 JSNFS Award for Excellence in Research)
    Tohru Fushiki
    2010 Volume 63 Issue 2 Pages 61-68
    Published: 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: June 02, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Maintenance of a good balance between energy intake and consumption is difficult, because eating is a pleasure for people whereas exercise is hard. For the realization of good balance of energy, I have accumulated some data based on the following studies. (1) High-calorie oil is an attractive nutrient for humans and animals. Although pure oil has no taste or flavor, it is known from experience that good food taste depends on oil. However, it is not clear why oil produces good taste. A CPP test, performed in rodents, clearly indicated that dietary oil exerts rewarding effects through the opioidergic and dopaminergic systems. (2) We demonstrated that the central nervous system possibly coordinates. Physiologic activities such as exercise, energy metabolism, and fatigue. Inoue and I showed that TGF-β, which is induced in the brain by exercise, promotes fat mobilization, suggesting that brain cytokines influence various physiological phenomena related to energy metabolism during exercise. (3) Activation of the autonomic nervous system increased energy expenditure significantly. Capsiate is a non-pungent capsaicin analog, and a principle of the non-pungent red pepper cultivar CH-19 Sweet recently identified by Yazawa. The acyl residue of capsiate is identical to that of capsaicin, although its aromatic portion is not vanillylamine, as it is in capsaicinoids, but rather vanillyl alcohol. We found that, like capsaicin, capsiate promotes consumption of energy via TRPV1.
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Original Papers
  • Yasuki Mochi, Nobuyo Tsunoda, Sachiko Shiba, Etsuko Muraki, Keizo Kaso ...
    2010 Volume 63 Issue 2 Pages 69-77
    Published: 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: June 02, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We investigated the effect of fish oil on weight rebound in KK-Ay mice. We used two types of experimental diet: one containing beef tallow (diet B) and one containing fish oil (diet F). All the mice were fed diet B ad libitum to induce obesity, and then divided into four groups as follows: 1) B-B group: fed diet B with calorie restriction during the weight reduction period, then fed diet B ad libitum during the weight rebound period, and —using the same protocol— 2) B-F group, 3) F-B group, and 4) F-F group. In addition, a control group were fed diet B ad libitum during the entire experimental period. Final body weight was decreased in the B-F and F-F groups in comparison with the B-B and F-B groups. Compared with the control group, liver weight and the level of liver lipid were increased in the B-B and F-B groups and decreased in the B-F and F-F groups. In the B-F and F-F groups, SREBP-1c and FAS mRNA in the liver were decreased and PPAR-α and HSL mRNA in the liver were increased, in comparison with the B-B and F-B groups. The present findings suggest that fish oil suppresses body weight gain and fat accumulation in the liver on weight rebound in mice. Suppression of fat accumulation in the liver is attributed to inhibition of fatty acid synthesis, enhancement of lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation, and normalization of lipoprotein secretion from the liver.
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  • Nao Kitamura, Ikuo Ohara
    2010 Volume 63 Issue 2 Pages 79-85
    Published: 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: June 02, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The present study was designed to examine the daily fluctuation of saliva secretion in women during the menstrual cycle. Saliva was collected for 5 min every hour from 9:00 to 20:00 by the spitting method. The total volume of saliva secretion, amylase activity, protein contents and pH were measured. Saliva secretion showed diurnal rhythmic changes, but saliva amylase activity and pH did not vary. Saliva volume flow and amylase activity were significantly higher in the ovulatory and luteal phases than during the menses and follicle phases. The level of salivary protein was highest in the follicle phase. Salivary pH was lowest in the luteal phase. These results demonstrate that the volume and composition of saliva change diurnally and during the menstrual cycle.
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