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Volume 52 (1999)
- Issue 6 Pages 343-
- Issue 5 Pages 263-
- Issue 4 Pages 183-
- Issue 3 Pages 129-
- Issue 2 Pages 71-
- Issue 1 Pages 3-
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Volume 52, Issue 5
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Seiichi Kasaoka, Tatsuya Morita, Michiyoshi Ikai, Akira Oh-hashi, Shuh ...1999 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages 263-270
Published: October 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of high-amylose cornstarch (HAS) on fecal variables were examined in rats fed diets with graded levels of HAS (2.5-40%). Fecal number, weight, volume, and moisture content were significantly higher in rats fed the 20% and 40% HAS diets than in those fed the cornstarch (CS) diet. Cecal contents were significantly greater in rats fed dietary HAS at a level of 5% or above, but fecal starch excretion was greater only in rats fed the 10%, 20% and 40% HAS diets. The gastrointestinal transit time tended to be shorter in the HAS diet-fed groups. In a separate experiment, higher fecal excretion of nitrogen (p<0.05) and 2, 6-diaminopimelic acid (p=0.098) was observed in rats fed the 20% HAS diet, compared with those fed the CS diet. A further experiment showed a greater cecal pool size of total short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in rats fed the HAS diets (5-20%) than in those fed the CS diet. However, in rats fed the 20% HAS diet, the cecal pool size of succinate was found to exceed that of total SCFA. These results suggest that HAS moderately increases fecal output, probably by increasing the moisture content of the large bowel.View full abstractDownload PDF (1522K) -
Eiji Seki, Terukazu Kawasaki, Mayumi Yoshida, Katsuhiro Osajima, Kei T ...1999 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages 271-277
Published: October 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe antihypertensive effect of peptides (Y-2) derived from sardine, valyl-tyrosine and -mixture (MIX) of four dipeptides having angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activity was studied in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). 1) Single oral administration of Y-2, valyl-tyrosine and MIX lowered the systolic blood pressure in SHR, and its minimum effective doses were 10, 1, and 10mg/kg, respectively. These effects lasted for 8h after administration. The hypotensive potency of valyl-tyrosine was greater than those of Y-2 and MIX. Valyl-tyrosine (1 and 10mg/kg) lowered the blood pressure dose-dependently. 2) When 1000, 10, and 10mg of Y-2, valyl-tyrosine and MIX, respectively, were administered orally to the SHR twice a day for 10 consecutive days, any of the regimens decreased systolic blood pressure significantly, and the decrement of systolic blood pressure continued for 5 days thereafter. These results indicate that either Y-2, valyl-tyrosine or MIX can exert a potent and long-lasting antihypertensive effect in SHR.View full abstractDownload PDF (1303K) -
Toshiki Matsuura, Mikako Kishimoto, Tomio Ichikawa1999 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages 279-284
Published: October 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of fructooligosaccharide supplementation to an elemental diet on ammonia and mineral absorption were investigated in rats by catheterization of the portal vein. Male Sprague-Dawley rats with a catheter placed in the portal vein received an elemental diet with or without fructooligosaccharides via gastrostomy for 7 days. The portal ammonia concentration decreased on Day 3 and portal calcium and phosphorus concentrations increased on Days 3 and 5 in rats that received the formula with fructooligosaccharides, compared with those that received the formula without fructooligosaccharides. These results suggest that fructooligosaccharides added to an elemental diet are effective in reducing the inflow of ammonia from the hind gut and enhancing the absorption of calcium and phosphorus at an early stage of enteral nutrition.View full abstractDownload PDF (955K) -
Toshihisa Morimoto, Toshiyuki Miyazaki, Ryuji Murayama, Toshiaki Kodam ...1999 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages 285-291
Published: October 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to investigate the effect of commercially available wheat albumin (WA), which has inhibitory activity against human amylases, on postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses, 12 normal, 12 borderline and 22 diabetic volunteers were given cooked rice (300g) with and without WA in a cross-over manner. WA was added to cooked rice at a dose of 1.5g. The dose contained 458mg of 0.19-albumin, the most dominant amylase inhibitor in WA. The administration of WA significantly lowered the mean blood glucose level 30min and 1h after the meal in the borderline and diabetic groups, but lowered the mean blood glucose level only 30min after the meal in the normal group (p< 0.01). The mean area under the curve (AUC) of plasma glucose over 3h was reduced by 22% in the diabetic group (p<0.01), 19% in the normal group and 16% in the borderline groups, the latter two reductions being non-significant. WA also decreased serum insulin 1h after the meal in the diabetic group (p<0.01) and 30min after the meal in the borderline (p<0.05) group. No adverse reactions, e.g., abdominal pain, diarrhea, retching and flatus, were observed during the study period. Administration of 1.5g of WA was able to suppress the rice meal-induced hyper glycemic response. Thus WA may be useful for preventing postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetic patient.View full abstractDownload PDF (1118K) -
Toshihisa Morimoto, Shun-ichi Tanaka, Toshiyuki Miyazaki, Toshiaki Kod ...1999 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages 293-300
Published: October 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWheat albumin (WA), which has inhibitory activity against human pancreatic and salivary amylases, delays carbohydrate digestion and suppresses postprandial hyperglycemia. In order to investigate the chronic effects of WA on HbA1c and other clinical indices, soup containing 1.0g WA (248mg 0.19-albumin) or no added supplement was given to patient with mild non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) for 3 months under double-blind conditions. The WA-administered and control groups were divided into 2 subgroups; Low (HbA1c≤5.5), and High (5.5<HbA1c≤8.0) HbA1c groups, according to the HbA1c values at the start. In the control groups, there was no significant change in HbA1c. In the WA-administered groups, the AUC (area under the curve) of HbA1c decreased only in the High HbA1c group. No adverse reactions, e.g., gastrointestinal symptoms and abnormalities of blood chemical data, were observed over the study period, except for one patient in the WA-administered group who complained of borborygmus on the first and second days of administration. These results indicate that chronic suppression of postprandial hyperglycemia by WA in mild NIDDM results in improvement of HbA1c.View full abstractDownload PDF (1312K) -
Yoshiharu Eto, Tomomi Ito, Shigeko Nishioka1999 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages 301-306
Published: October 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe antihypertensive effect of continuous oral administration of an alkaline protease hydrolysate (WPH) of whey protein isolate (Isolac, WPI) was compared with that of the WPI (control group) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). A suppressive effect on elevation of systolic blood pressure (SBP) in SHR was observed after oral administration of the WPH for two weeks. Mean SBPs at the end of 3 weeks of feeding were 193±3mmHg in the control group and 164±2mmHg in the WPH group (p<0.001). Organ weights of SHR fed WPH for 3 weeks were not significantly different from those in the control group. The serum total cholesterol level in SHR fed WPH was significantly (p<0.05) lower than that in the control group. The WPH used in the present experiment contained the angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory dipeptides, Val-Tyr, Phe-Leu, Ile-Leu and Val- Phe. Therefore, the antihypertensive effect may be attributable to these peptides contained in the WPH. These results suggest that the short chain peptides in WPH administered orally are absorbed from the intestinal tract and exert an antihypertensive effect.View full abstractDownload PDF (956K) -
Noriko Koitaya, Noriko Tsukahara, Ikuko Ezawa1999 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages 307-313
Published: October 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aim of this study was to clarify the factors affecting vertebral bone loss in healthy women classified according to menopausal condition. The subjects were 287 healthy Japanese women aged between 40 and 60 years living in an urban community. Lumbar spine bone mineral density was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry twice at the baseline and at the end of a 5-year period. The subjects were divided into 3 groups according to menstrual status and time after menopause (pre-menopause: PRE, 0-3 years post-menopause: PEROI, and 4 years or more post-menopause: POST), and the relationships between the rate of bone loss over 5 years and physical and lifestyle factors were examined among the 3 groups. These longitudinal data indicated that the factors affecting vertebral bone loss differed according to menopausal condition. It was suggested that lifestyle modification to prevent osteoporosis in middle-aged and older women should be considered according to menopausal condition.View full abstractDownload PDF (1279K) -
Tatsuhiro Matsuo, Masashige Suzuki1999 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages 315-319
Published: October 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPostprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses to various types of cooked rice meals were studied in healthy young subjects aged 23-26 years. We examined the plasma glucose, serum insulin, triacylglycerol and free fatty acid concentrations after ingestion of the test meals (fried rice and boiled rice), which included carbohydrates energetically equivalent to 100g of oral glucose. Each test meal provided 16%, 32%, and 52% of energy as protein, fat and carbohydrate, respectively, and contained 744 kcal as gross energy. Postprandial plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations were higher in subjects after ingesting boiled rice than after ingesting fried rice. The average ratio of incremental areas under the curves of plasma glucose over 180min was 100/31 for boiled rice/fried rice. On the other hand, the postprandial serum free fatty acid concentration was lower after the boiled rice meal than after the fried rice meal, although the serum triacylglycerol concentration during 180min did not differ between the two. These results suggest that postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses to cooked rice meals are influenced by the cooking method.View full abstractDownload PDF (706K) -
Yousuke Seyama1999 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages 321-328
Published: October 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCholestanol resembles cholesterol, but its significance has remained unclear because of its low concentration in the body. However, in cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis, a genetic disorder of cholesterol metabolism, deposition of cholestanol produces several pathological conditions such as tendon xanthomas, cerebellar ataxia, pyramidal signs, cataracts and dementia. We have been investigating this disease for 23 years from the viewpoint of biochemical diagnosis. We established a procedure for quantification of cholestanol by HPLC, and also an assay method for sterol 27-hydroxylase. We also found several mutations of the CYP 27 gene in 10 CTX families. Furthermore, we established experimental animals with CTX by feeding then a cholestanol diet, and produced corneal dystrophy and gallstones in mice, and apoptosis of cerebellar neuronal cells from rats. CTX can be treated with chenodeoxycholic acid, which reduces the cholestanol concentration in serum. These findings suggest that cholestanol has a toxic effect. It will be necessary to determine the cholestanol content of food for the treatment of CTX patients and to prevent the clinical manifestations produced by cholestanol administration.View full abstractDownload PDF (2238K) -
Roichi Itoh, Yasuo Suyama1999 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages 329-333
Published: October 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNumerous clinical and epidemiological studies have indicated that a high sodium intake, even within the range of the amounts contained in habitual diets, is associated with high urinary calcium excretion in both young and adult healthy subjects of both sexes. Results of some clinical and epidemiological studies on elderly women also show that high sodium intake accelerates urinary excretion of deoxypyridinoline, a specific marker of bone resorption. Furthermore, in two epidemiological studies of postmenopausal women, negative associations between sodium intake and bone mineral content were observed. These findings suggest that habitual excess dietary salt (NaCI) could be a factor resulting in bone loss through the promotion of bone resorption, at least in elderly women.View full abstractDownload PDF (913K)
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