All issues
Predecessor
Volume 50, Issue 1
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
Shoichi MASUSHIGE1997 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 1-14
Published: February 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, the author briefly summarizes the nutritional and physiological aspects of vitamin A metabolism and functions which we have investigated. Initially, I examined vitamin A's coenzyme-like function, as a water-soluble vitamin. It was revealed that mannosyl retinyl phosphate (Ret-P-Man) occurred in vivo in rat liver and intestinal mucosa, and that this may function as one of several lipid intermediates in the transfer of mannose to endogenous acceptors in rat liver membrane preparations. In the second investigation, the author demonstrated that there are some relationships between vitamin A status and protein metabolism in chick and rat. When newly-hached chicks were fed a high-protein diet without vitamin A, urate accumulated in the ureter and kidney, and growth stopped earlier than in chicks fed a standard protein diet. We then examined the relationship between nuclear retinoid receptor (RARs, RXRs) genes and expression of their target genes under varying vitamin A status. We found that the expression of nuclear receptors was very complex, and therefore it is quite difficult to summarize the regulation mechanisms of these genes systematically. Finally, we revealed that rapid in vivo isomerization of retinoic acid, e. g. all-trans-RA=9-cis-RA, occurred in rats. These results suggest that the apparent action of 9-cis- and all-trans-RAs or gene expression in vivo may be mediated to some extent by the converted stereoisomer.View full abstractDownload PDF (2589K) -
Katsuhiko YOKOI1997 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 15-20
Published: February 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAlthough tin and rubidium are essential trace elements for some bacteria and plants, their essentiality for higher animals is not fully established. This study examined the effects of low dietary levels of tin and rubidium on growth, tissue mineral concentrations and the selected plasma biochemical indices of growing rats. Compared to rats given 2μg tin/diet, rats fed a 17ng tin/g diet exhibited lower weight gain, decreased food efficiency, alopecia, altered mineral levels in some tissues and changes in plasma lipid concentrations. Compared to rats fed an 8μg rubidium/g diet, rats fed a 0.5μg rubidium/g diet showed decreased rubidium concentrations in all tissues examined, altered levels of other minerals in various tissues and an increased urea nitrogen level in plasma. These results suggest that tin and rubidium are essential for animals.View full abstractDownload PDF (1403K) -
Hideki SAKAMOTO, Syunji OSHIMA, Fumihiro OJIMA, Yukio ISHIGURO, Mutsum ...1997 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 21-24
Published: February 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChanges in serum carotenoids and retinol concentrations were assessed before and after continual ingestion of carrot juice or tomato juice. Sixty-four healthy female college students were divided into 3 groups. Two of the groups consumed 2 cans of each juice, and the control group received 2 cans of apple juice per day for 6 days. The levels of β-carotene and α-carotene in serum showed a significant increase following the consumption of carrot juice. The serum lycopene concentration increased significantly, and the β-carotene concentration showed a small increase after consumption of tomato juice. No significant changes were observed in the level of carotenoids in the apple juice group, or in the level of retinol in all the tested groups. It is concluded that continual ingestion of carrot juice or tomato juice is effective for elevation of the serum carotenoid level in humans.View full abstractDownload PDF (831K) -
Keiichi KURODA, Yasue HOSOYAMADA, Yoshiki KOBATAKE1997 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 25-30
Published: February 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen rats were fed a hypercholesterolemic diet supplemented with egg phospholipids, the cholesterol concentrations in serum and liver were decreased, and cholesterol excretion into feces was increased, in comparison with rats fed a diet without egg phospholipids. Addition of fish oil to the diet supplemented with egg phospholipids lowered the serum cholesterol concentration further, but decreased the ratio of cholesterol excretion into feces, compared with the single supplement of egg phospholipids. The hypercholesterolemic diet supplemented with krill phospholipids containing fatty acids similar to those in fish oil also decreased the ratio of cholesterol excretion into feces, compared with the hypercholesterolemic diet supplemented with egg phospholipids. It was shown that the decrease in serum cholesterol caused by the diet containing fish oil with egg phospholipids might have been due to the cooperative effects of the two supplements, and it was considered that fish oil might participate in these mechanisms except for the suppression of fecal cholesterol excretion.View full abstractDownload PDF (1216K) -
Ayumi MURAKAMI, Mikako UCHIDA, Toshiki MATSUURA, Tomio ICHIKAWA1997 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 31-36
Published: February 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe iron bioavailability of heme iron in female rats was investigated. Ferric citrate (FC) or an enzymetreated heme iron preparation (HIP) was used as the source of iron. Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups: FC-normal group, FC-overload group, HIP-normal group, and HIP-overload group. Apparent iron absorption and iron retention of the FC-normal group for three days was about 2% higher than that of the HIP-normal group, and the FC-normal group showed higher values than the HIP-normal group for hemoglobin, hematocrit, plasma iron and transferrin saturation. Excess iron administration induced iron accumulation especially in the liver, and furthermore the FC-overload group showed higher iron concentration in the liver than the HIP-overload group. These results suggest that the difference in iron bioavailability between FC and HIP is caused by a difference in iron transportation from the intestine to blood, and not by a difference in iron absorption.View full abstractDownload PDF (1196K) -
Hiroshi MATSUZAKI, Kazuyoshi ARAI, Mariko UEHARA, Kazuharu SUZUKI, Yus ...1997 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 37-41
Published: February 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSActivity of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) in urine and urinary β2-microglobulin excretion were studied in rats fed a high-phosphorus diet. Four-week-old weanling male Wistar rats were used. Phosphorus was added to the purified diets at concentrations of 0.5% or 1.5%. The rats were fed a purified diet containing either 0.5% or 1.5% phosphorus for 21 days. Kidney calcium, magnesium and phosphorus concentrations were increased in rats fed the 1.5% phosphorus diet. Creatinine clearance, serum urea nitrogen concentration and urinary albumin excretion of rats fed the 1.5% phosphorus diet were higher than those of rats fed the 0.5% phosphorus diet. NAG activity in urine and urinary β2-microglobulin excretion were higher in rats fed the 1.5% phosphorus diet compared with those in rats fed the 0.5% phosphorus diet. It is suggested that a high-phosphorus diet suppresses proximal tubule function.View full abstractDownload PDF (1018K) -
Masayoshi SUGAWARA, Norio SUZUKI1997 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 43-49
Published: February 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of a spice mixture used as a m0del of curry powder on rat recal microflora, cecal β-glucosidase, β-glucuronidase and nitroreductase activities, cecal ammonia, serum cholesterol and liver SOD (superoxide dismutase) activities were investigated. The spice mixture, which contained cumin, coriander and red pepper (10: 10: 3w/w), was added to rat semi-purified feed with 14% lard. The test groups were a control (no spice supplemented), 1% spice mixture supplemented and 4% spice mixture supplemented. Cecal microflora, nitroreductase activities, pH and moisture, liver total-, Cu, Zn-, Mn-SOD activities, and serum cholesterol showed no differences due to spice supplementation. Ammonia concentrations and the cecal contents showed a tendency to decrease as the dose of spice was increased. Cecal β-glucuronidase and β-glucosidase activities were increased significantly (p<0.05). From these results, we consider that bacterial metabolism in the cerum is affected by spice mixture intake.View full abstractDownload PDF (1442K) -
Hiroyuki OGINO, Hideki SAKAMOTO, Yukio ISHIGURO1997 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 51-56
Published: February 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to search for tumor-preventive substances in vegetables, we screened 32 samples of vegetable extracts for activity to suppress the inhibitory effect of okadaic acid (OA) on protein phosphatase-2A (PP2A), since OA promotes tumor formation by inhibiting this enzyme. Soluble fractions in vegetable juices were obtained by hexane, butanol, and water extraction and tested separately for their effects in inhibiting the activity of OA on PP2A (anti-OA activity). The butanol-soluble fractions obtained respectively from carrot, garlic, parsley, red bell pepper and spinach showed significant anti-OA activity. The butanol-soluble fractions from leek and tomato, and the aqueous fractions from asparagus, carrot, parsley and spinach also showed mild anti-OA activity. Weak anti-OA activity was observed in water-soluble extracts of broccoli and tomato. The anti-OA activity of the vegetables we tested fluctuated significantly among various cultivars, even within the same species. Although the principal agents have not yet been clarified, the present results stmngly suggest the presence of substances that suppress OA activity.View full abstractDownload PDF (1214K) -
Hideo OHYAMA, Toshiki ENOMOTO, Shin-ichiro MITSUNAGA1997 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 57-62
Published: February 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSKiwi fruit extract showed proteolytic activity at pH 3, 6 and 9 when casein was used as a substrate, and each activity showed different heat-stability. These results suggested that kiwi fruit contains proteases which have various pH optima. It was observed by SDS-PAGE that kiwi protease cleaves specifically the telopeptide region containing intramolecular cross-links in collagen molecules at pH 3. Proteases with various pH optima were not separated by gelatin-PAGE. The molecular weight of the proteases is estimated to be 22, 000 by SDS-PAGE. By using an Ampholine plate, their isoelectric point was shown to be pH 3.5 or below.View full abstractDownload PDF (4071K) -
Tetsuo YAMADA, Masataka ARITA1997 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 63-68
Published: February 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was designed to investigate changes in serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), and calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and phosphorus (P) metabolism during prolonged exercise. Five middle-aged men (aged 31 to 38 yr) who were well trained in endurance exercise served as the subjects. Exercise was loaded for 175min with a bicycle ergometer at a target intensity of 50% VO2max- During the exercise, and for up to 50min after, the concentrations of serum free fatty acid, total Ca and PTH levels were elevated significantly. Urinary excretion of both adrenaline and noradrenaline was increased significantly. Large increases in the sum of sweat and urinary Ca or Mg excretion were observed, while fractional excretion of Ca and Mg fell and that of P was unchanged. These results demonstrate that urinary Ca and Mg excretion is decreased whereas no P diuresis is induced during prolonged exercise under the present experimental conditions.View full abstractDownload PDF (1244K) -
Hitomi FUKUDA, Masami KOMIYA, Hiroko YASUDA, Nobuko IRITANI1997 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 69-72
Published: February 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of vegetables and cooking style on lipid metabolism in rats were investigated. Raw or boiled diced, or raw grated cabbage, carrot and radish were added to a synthetic diet and fed to rats for 2 weeks. The vegetables did not lower, or only slightly lowered, the levels of plasma and liver cholesterol and plasma triglycerides, but generally lowered those of liver triglycerides and also lipogenic enzyme activities. Cabbage and carrot generally showed lowering effects, whereas radish had no effect. The effects of raw diced cabbage and carrot were particularly clear. Thus, it is suggested that tha lipid metabolic lowering effects differ among various vegetables and cooking styles (texture).View full abstractDownload PDF (712K) -
Keiko YOSHIDA, Shigeko TSURUSHIIN, Hiroyasu FUKUBA, Tadahiro TADOKORO, ...1997 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 73-76
Published: February 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGlobulin in black matpe is a group of heterogeneous proteins. The sedimentation patterns of globulin in buffer (pH 3, 8 or 10) showed one major ‘8S’ band. Globulin was separated into two fractions (α, β) by column chromatography on Sephadex G-200 in buffer (pH 8, 10). The major peak was β-globulin, and the shoulder peak of β-globulin was α-globulin. The sedimentation patterns of β-globulin showed ‘8S’, and that of α-globulin in alkaline buffer (pH 8, 10) showed ‘8S’ and ‘11S’. The 8S globulin was a glycoprotein containing approximately 2.5% mannose and 0.047% glucosamine. Sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electorophoresis of 8S globulin indicated three major bands with apparent molecular weights of 55, 000, 45, 000 and 33, 000, respectively, and several minor bands.View full abstractDownload PDF (718K) -
Comparison between Measured and Calculated Amounts of Lipids in Diets Served at Hospitals and SchoolTeruyo MOCHIZUKI, Hiroko TAGASHIRA, Mizuho HARA, Masataka ISHINAGA1997 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 77-86
Published: February 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA comparison was made between measured and calculated amounts of fatty acids, cholesterol and β-carotene in diets served at two hospitals and one school (university). Plant sterols was also measured. The percentage of measured fatty acids relative to calculated fatty acids was 103.6±23.5% (mean±SD, n=19), and the correlation coefficient was 0.915. The percentage of measured cholesterol relative to the calculated amount of cholesterol was 81.2±23.8%, and the correlation coefficient was 0.950. β-Sitosterol was the main plant sterol. The measured amount of β-carotene was 69.2±39.0% relative to the calculated amount of β-carotene, and the co-rrelation caefficient was 0.703.View full abstractDownload PDF (1648K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese]1997 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 87-89
Published: February 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (592K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|