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Volume 54 (2001)
- Issue 6 Pages 331-
- Issue 5 Pages 291-
- Issue 4 Pages 197-
- Issue 3 Pages 131-
- Issue 2 Pages 71-
- Issue 1 Pages 3-
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Volume 54, Issue 4
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Comparison between Normal, Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats and Hereditary Diabetic MiceTsuyoshi Mori, Yasushi Nishikawa, Yoko Takata, Noriko Kashiuchi, Nobuh ...2001 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages 197-203
Published: August 10, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo clarify the anti-diabetic effect of Insulina (Cissus sicyoides), currently used as a folk medicine in Brazil for diabetes and hypertension, several administration experiments were done using mice and rats. Previously, the inhibitory effect of Insulina on the sugar-degrading enzymes maltase [3.2.1.20], α-amylase [3.2.1.1], and α-glucosidase [3.2.1.20] was evaluated in vitro. Insulina was found to inhibit the activities of maltase and α-glucosidase, and the inhibitory effect on the latter was higher than on the other two enzymes. Insulina was found to have potential hypoglycemic activity in hereditary diabetic mice, normal rats and rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes by oral administration. Insulina feeding for 4 weeks significantly lowered the mean plasma glucose level of mice under fed conditions, and single oral administration of Insulina significantly lowered the mean plasma glucose level 1h after sucrose loading in normal rats (p<0.01) and rats with STZ diabetes (p<0.05). These results suggest that intake of Insulina prevents the increase in the blood glucose level after a meal. Consequently, daily intake of Insulina might be useful for prevention of diabetes.View full abstractDownload PDF (945K) -
Motoko Tahara, Akira Misaki2001 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages 205-211
Published: August 10, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe cell wall of wild rice (Zizania palustris) was fractionated by the conventional method, affording pectin (7%), hemicellulose (71%), and cellulose (22%). The hemicellulose content was markedly higher than that of cultivated rice, while the pectin content was lower. Soluble hemicellulose was further fractionated by DEAE column chromatography to provide three components: H1, H2, and H3. High-performance anion exchange chromatography and methylation analysis suggested that H1 was a neutral arabinoxylan, with a lower degree of branching than that in rice, H2 was a glucuronoarabinoxylan, and H3 was a pectic polysaccharide containing a galacturonan backbone. Thus the unique texture of wild rice might be ascribable to the high content of hemicellulose and the lower branching of arabinoxylans compared to the cell wall hemicellulose of cultivated rice. The dietary fiber effect of hemicellulose in the wild rice cell wall is an important feature that should be investigated further.View full abstractDownload PDF (1110K) -
Osami Kajimoto, Takeo Takahashi, Toshinori Itokawa2001 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages 213-220
Published: August 10, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn eight-week long-term administration trial was performed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of white skinned sweet potato (WSSP) for 26 individuals with impaired fasting glucose and mild type 2 diabetes mellitus. None of them were receiving drug therapy. WSSP was given as tablets, which were prepared after being lyophilized and powdered. The subjects were divided into two groups; one group was given the WSSP tablets, and the other was given placebo tablets. The results indicated that subjects given the WSSP tablets at 14.4g/day (0.826mg/day WSSP glycoprotein as the active ingredient) achieved significant reductions in fasting plasma glucose levels (127.0±7.1mg/dL→116.8±16.3mg/dL, Wilcoxon test: p<0.05). This reduction was significantly different from that in the subjects given the placebo (Mann-Whitney test: p<0.05). These observations support the usefulness of WSSP for the health care of individuals with impaired fasting glucose and mild type 2 diabetes mellitus.View full abstractDownload PDF (1268K) -
Hiroshi Ogawa, Katsumi Watanabe, Toshio Mitsunaga, Tadamichi Meguro2001 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages 221-227
Published: August 10, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is well documented that the quality of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) protein matches that of milk casein, and quinoa abundantly contains several micronutrients such as potassium, iron, calcium and riboflavin. In this study, we investigated the functional properties of quinoa (dehulled quinoa flour), using spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with hyperlipidemia induced by a high-lipid diet. Groups of 6 male rats, 11 weeks of age, were used. An experimental group was fed the quinoa diet whose components were adjusted to those of a high-lipid casein diet (control) for 6 weeks. Although significant decreases in food intake and growth rate were observed in the experimental group during the first two weeks, such differences were not recognized after two weeks. The increase in systolic blood pressure in the experimental group was significantly suppressed at 5 weeks of feeding, suggesting that quinoa had a hypotensive effect. In addition, the serum apolipoprotein (apo) A-I concentration was significantly high, and the apoB/apoA-I ratio significantly low, compared with those in the control group. The relative weight of the liver was significantly low in the experimental group, while no significant differences were observed in the lipid content and enzyme activities related to cholesterol metabolism.View full abstractDownload PDF (1032K) -
Toshiki Matsuura, Megumi Horina, Mikako Kishimoto, Tomio Ichikawa2001 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages 229-234
Published: August 10, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of fructooligosaccharide supplementation to an elemental diet on the intestinal microflora were investigated in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent placement of a feeding gastrostomy and received an elemental diet (ED) with or without fructooligosaccharides (FOS) for 3, 5 or 7 days. The weights of the cecal contents and cecal tissue increased significantly and the pH of the cecal contents decreased significantly in rats given the ED with FOS. There was also a significant increase in the cecal counts of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. However, on days 5 and 7, the counts of Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus in the rats given ED with FOS increased to the same level as those in rats given ED without FOS. These data suggest that supplementation of an elemental diet with FOS is effective for improving intestinal conditions by increasing the cecal contents and anaerobes such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, and decreasing the pH of the cecal contents.View full abstractDownload PDF (826K) -
2000's JSNFS Award for Excellence in ResearchSachiko Takase2001 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages 235-245
Published: August 10, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRetinoids play pivotal roles in the physiological action of three types of retinoid-binding proteins. It has been shown that cellular retinol- or cellular retinoic acid-binding proteins (CRBP, CRABP) enable retinol or retinoic acid to be transferred to the nucleus, suggesting that the action of vitamin A may be expressed via the nucleus. Recent studies have revealed the physiological roles of intestinal cellular retinol-binding protein type II (CRBPII), which is abundant in intestinal epithelial cells, and plays pivotal roles in intestinal absorption and metabolism of retinol and β-carotene. Intestinal CRBPII expression was enhanced under conditions where fat absorption was stimulated. Dietary fat (especially unsaturated fatty acids) increased the gene expression of CRBPII in rat jejunum. This increase resulted from induction of gene transcription through enhancement of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and its ligand levels, and binding of a PPARα-RXRα heterodimer to DR-1-type elements (RXRE and RE3) of the gene. It is concluded that CRBPII gene expression is regulated predominantly by dietary fatty acids, but only slightly by dietary retinoids.View full abstractDownload PDF (7222K) -
Young Investigator Award of the 2000's JSNFSTakeshi Nikawa2001 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages 247-252
Published: August 10, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe first examined whether vitamin A improved the mucosal immune depression in mice with wasting protein deficiency. Mice fed a low-protein diet had lower concentrations of IgA, IL-4 and IL-5 in the small-intestinal mucosa than mice fed a 20% protein diet. Daily supplementation of 1mg of retinyl acetate significantly restored the IgA level in protein-deficient mice in parallel with an increase of the IL-5 level in the mucosa. In protein-deficient mice immunized with cholera toxin (CT), retinyl acetate also prevented the decline of the CT-specific IgA level, improving their survival rate after exposure to a high dose of CT. These results suggest that large oral supplements of vitamin A may preserve the mucosal IgA level during protein malnutrition, possibly by stimulating IL-5 production. To test this hypothesis, we next studied the effects of vitamin A on the mucosal IgA level in mice with artificially blocking of the IL-5 signaling pathway. Supplements of retinyl acetate did not increase the IgA level in the small-intestinal mucosa of IL-5 receptor α-chain-deficient (IL-5Rα-/-) mice, whereas it increased the IL-5 level in their small-intestinal mucosa. Retinyl acetate also failed to improve the survival rate of IL-5Rα-/- mice after exposure to a high dose of CT. Our data suggest that the effect of vitamin A on the mucosal IgA system may require the cooperation of IL-5.View full abstractDownload PDF (834K) -
Part 4 Comparing More than Two GroupsHiroshi Nakazato, Seiichiro Aoe2001 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages 253-260
Published: August 10, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1076K)
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