We administered Baxo (generic name: piroxicam) to 32 patients with inflammation or pain caused by inflammatory or painful diseases, or caused by operations including tooth extraction, treated at the Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Medical College of Oita, between Mar. to Dec., 1983. We examined its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect, and gained the following results.
1) To 13 patients with inflammatory or painful diseases and 12 patients operated, Baxo 20 mg each once daily, per os, was added for 3 days to 6 weeks except one case stopped within only 2 days because of side effect. To 7 patients undegone for minor surgery, Baxo 20 mg was added at pain time.
2) In all cases, the results were divided into seven classes, and the ratio of remarkable improvement was 43.8% (14/32), the moderate improvement 28.1% (9/32), and the ratio of both gathered 71.9% (23/32) .
3) The ratio of its remarkable usefulness was 31.1% (10/32), the usefulness 37.5% (12/32), and the ratio of both 68.8% (22/32) .
4) The side effects were observed in two cases out of 32 cases (6.3%) . One case was edema of leg and face, the other was diarrhea, of which both were soonly disappeared by withdrawal of Baxo and concomitant antibiotics.

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The blood level and tissue distributions (tongue, gingiva, submandibular gland, parotid gland, cervical lymphonodi, liver and kidney) of peroral PCs, ampicillin and amoxicillin, were bioassayed using NZW rabbits weighing 2.5-3.5kg.
Samples were collected 10 times from 0.25 to 5 hours after oral administration for determination of the blood level, and 6 times from 0.5 to 5 hours after oral administration for determination of the tissue distributions.
Using 2 compartment model based on the measurement data, the pharmacokinetic pa-rameters of the blood level and tissue distributions in the tongue, gingiva, submandibular gland, parotid gland and cervical lymphonodi were determined and drew a simulation curve.
On comparing the C_max and AUC of the blood level between ampicillin and amoxicillin from the pharmacokinetic parameters found as reliable from actual measurement, at the same dose amoxicillin showed the C_max and AUC 2.00 and 2.47 times higher respectively than those of ampicillin.
On comparing the tissue distributions in the tongue, gingiva, submandibular gland, parotid gland and cervical lymphonodi from the same compartment model, the C_max and AUC obtained with amoxicillin amounted 1.44 to 2.60 times and 1.49 to 2.21 times those of ampicillin respectively at the same dose.
On examining the calculation of ampicillin in the tongue, gingiva, submandibular gland, parotid gland and cervical lymphonodi in comparison with the blood level, the C_max and AUC of tissue calculation amounted to 30.0-70.0% and 46.4-85.7% respectively of the blood level.
In the tissue calculation of amoxicillin in the tongue, gingiva, submandibular gland, parotid gland and cervical lymphonodi as compared to the blood level, the C_max and AUC amounted to 24.1-54.9% and 39.3-70.0% respectively of the blood level.

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Double-blind clinical study of suprofen comparing with aspirin was conducted.
In this study 10 kinds of clinical symptoms were observed in each patient at operation day and 1st and 3rd day after operation.
Using this data, efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesic agents for post operative pain was investigated with patient's back ground.
In the drug evaluation on extraction of mandibular impacted wisdom tooth, it was considered easier to evaluate the results and less variable in assessment in case of the patients who have no inflammatory symptoms on operation day.

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Bioavailabilities of carbamazepine (CBZ) tablets were studied by using saliva and serum levels in five healthy volunteers. Three commercial tablets (A, B, and C) and a solution containing 200mg of CBZ were administered orally. The CBZ levels in saliva and serum were determined with high-performance liquid chromatography.
The CBZ levels in saliva were extremely high during 2h after administration in the volunteers receiving a solution of CBZ and in a volunteer who has a habit of crunching after administration of tablets, as it is considered that the effect of the drug remaining in the mouth appeared.
There was a linear correlation between saliva and serum levels of CBZ in four volun-teers who did not crunch the tablets (γ=0.85, p<0.05) . The saliva and serum levels of CBZ were in the order of tablet A, B, and C at 1 and 2 h after administration.
There was a statistically significant difference between tablet A and B or tablet A and C in the serum levels at 1 h. However, there was little difference in saliva levels among tablet A, B, and C. It was observed that the AUC of saliva and serum was little different among tablet A, B, and C. The ratio of AUC of saliva to that of serum was 0.266±0.056 (S.D.) .
From these results, it should be considered that the bioavailability of CBZ tablets is assessed by the use of saliva levels instead of serum levels.

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Clinical usefulness of CS-600 (Loxoprofen sodium) for postexodontic pain was investigated by a double-blind study.
To estimate the optimal dose of the drug, a preliminary study was made using CS-600 at dosages of 20 and 40 mg. Then, a comparative study was made using CS-600 at 60 and 120 mg and mephenamic acid at 500 mg.
1) Based on the preliminary test results, the optimal dose of the drug was estimated as more than 40 mg.
2) In the total of 275 subjects, a comparative study was conducted, 85 subjects received CS-600 at 60 mg, 93 received CS-600 at 120 mg and 97 received mephenamic acid at 500 mg.
3) Analgesic effects were obtained in 88.2 % of the subjects treated with CS-600 at 60 mg, 91.4 % of those treated with CS-600 at 120 mg and 79.4 % of those with mephena-mic acid at 500 mg. Thus, CS-600 at 120 mg was demonstrated to be significantly superior to mephenamic acid at 500 mg.
4) The onset of the action was significantly more rapid in the subjects treated with CS-600 at 60 mg and 120 mg than in those treated with mephenamic acid at 500 mg.
5) Side effects were noticed in 2.4 % of the subjects treated with CS-600 at 60 mg, 5.3 of those with CS-600 at 120 mg and 3.1 % of those with mephenamic acid at 500 mg. Clinically severe side effects were not observed.
Our present study indicates that CS-600 at 60 mg or higher is equally effective or superior to mephenamic acid at 500 mg in relief of postexodontic pain and the onset of its action is very rapid. Thus, CS-600 was proven to be a clinically useful analgesic.

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There are recent reports indicating that symptoms which have not responded to European medical treatments have improved with Chinese herbal remedy administration.
The present study is concerned with the usefulness of Kanpo in halitosis with psychogenic factor and glossodynia, both being oral psychosomatic disorders.
The usefulness was evaluated in five grades: 1: Extremely useful; 2: Considerably useful; 3: Fairly useful; 4: Usefulness doubtful; 5: Undesirable.
Accordingly,
(1) The results of Sho-saiko-to for halitosis with psychogenic factor (44 cases) were as follows: 2: 16 cases (36.4%), 3: 19 cases (43.2%), 4: 9 cases (20.4%) .
(2) The results of Sho-saiko-to for glossodynia (11 cases) were as follows: 1: 2 cases (18.2%), 2: 1 case (9.1%), 3: 4 cases (36.4%), 4: 4 cases (36.4%) .
(3) The results of Kami-shoyo-san for glossodynia (26 cases) were as follows: 1: 2 cases (7.7%), 2: 8 cases (30.8%), 3: 4 cases (15.4%), 4: 12 cases (46.1%) .
The above results suggest some usefulness of the two remedies for the respective disorders.
Furthermore, this report mentions our opinions on Kanpo.

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Cefaclor, a new cephalosporin, was orally administered to 39 cases in oral infections and the daily dose was ranged 750mg.
The following results were obtained from 20 cases, but from 37 cases for the adverse effect.
1) The overall clinical effective rate of cefaclor was 70.0%.
2) No adverse effect was recognized in clinical findings except a slight high value of BUN in blood examination.
3) Bacteriologically, 30 strains were isolated from 22 cases (59.5% of 37 cases) .
4) Three resistant strains and a high resistant strain (Flavobacteriuyn) were observed.
5) Cefaclor showed higher antibacterial activity against isolated strains than CEX, but inferior to ABPC or AMPC.
Summarizing the above results, cefaclor is considered effective for the oral infections.

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Bacteriologic investigations were made on five cases of oral actinomycosis, and clinical findings and treatment of actinomycosis are discussed. Gram-positive branching rods or filaments were cultured from sulfur granules of five patients. As a result of a gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of end products of glucose fermentation and some biochemical reactions, two strains were identified as Actinomyces naeslundii and the other three were identified as Actinomyces spp. other than A. naeslundii. All strains were very sensitive to PCG, ABPC, CEX, EM, TC, MINO, CLDM, and GM. According to clinical symptoms, the lesions were divided into two groups: with extra-oral swelling and intra-oral manifestations. The former group was clinically more resistant to treatment and required long term administration of antibiotics. The latter was readily cured with surgical intervention and short period administration of antibiotics.

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This report describes findings in microbial samples from 94 patients with oral infections. Analyses were made under aerobic and anaerobic cultivation. Among the 94 samples 229 strains of bacteria were detected in 87 samples (92.6 %) . In the anaerobic cultures there were Peptococcus (46 strains), Streptococcus (22 strains), and in the aerobic α-Streptococcus (49 strains) .
In the 40 samples taken from oral closed abscesses, monoinfections were in 12 samples (30 %), and mixed infections in 28 samples (70 %), of which anaerobic bacteria were associated with most of the samples (97.5 %) .
On the basis of these microbial findings, it is suggested that anaerobic bacteria play an important role in the genesis of infections encountered in the field of oral surgery.

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Long acting amoxicillin granules (C-AMOX), a newly developed presentation of amoxicillin (AMPC), maintains an effective blood level for an extended period. The following results were obtained from fundamental and clinical studies of C-AMOX.
Serum and gingiva levels of AMPC were measured in 15 patients at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 (Patient 5) hours. Serum levels were 2. 34, 3. 07, 4. 23, 3.28μg/ml and 1.18μg/ml respectively, and gingiva levels were 0. 20, 0. 31, 0.54, 0.80μg/g and 0.15μg/g respectively.
One-hundred and forty four patients with oral and maxillofacial infections containing maxillary or mandibular osteitis were treated with C-AMOX. Clinical efficacy was assessed according to the criteria of numerical judgement established by the Japanese Society of Oral Surgery (1973) and also by the global evaluation of the clinician. In numerical judgement there were 24 excellent cases, 82 good cases and 22 poor cases (efficacy ratio : 82.8 %) . The clinician's assessment was 22 excellent cases, 79 good cases, 30 fair cases and 4 poor cases (efficacy ratio: 74.8 %) .
Although slight side effects, diarrhea, nausea, headache and flare of face were observed, both treatments were completed without problem. C-AMOX therapy (b. i, d.) showed good prolonged tissue levels and satisfactory clinical results.

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Statistics of the isolated organisms were observed as the oral infections treated at the department of oral surgery in Tokai University Hospital in recent 6 years. Samples were gathered by means of needle aspiration from the closed abscesses. The results were as following 4 facts.
1. Isolated organisms were total 1, 446 strains out of 800 cases.
2. Alpha-Streptococci, Peptococci, Peptostreptococci, and Bacteroides were major detected, but K. pneumoniae, K. oxytoca, E. coli, Citrobacter and Serratia marcessens were rarely detected organisms.
3. Aerobe and Anaerobe ratio was much the same. (aerobe: 45%, anaerobe: 51.5%) .
4. In the antimicrobial sensitivity test, α-Streptococci, Peptococci, Peptostreptococci, and Bacteroides have high sensitivity to both parenteral and peroral Pcs and parenteral Cefems. But cephalexin was lower sensitivity compared with other Pcs and Cefems. Three agents of aminoglycosides have lower sensitivity in the 13 kinds of discs. (PCG, ABPC, SBPC, CEX, CER, CEZ, KM, DKB, GM, CP, TC, EM, LCM.)

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