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Volume 34 (2015)
- Issue 3 Pages 85-
- Issue 2 Pages 67-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 34, Issue 3
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Review
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AKIHIRO KANEKO2015 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 85-93
Published: 2015
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2015
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA number of odontogenic infections are often alleviated in a few days if inflammation is localized in the alveolar part, and appropriate surgical treatments such as incision or drainage as well as antibacterial chemotherapy are performed. However, in some cases, it may become desperately ill due to delay of the initial treatment and develop extremely serious infections including cellulitis or necrotic fasciitis. The causative bacteria for these diseases are oral resident microbiota, and are frequently detected in the case of multiple bacterial infection caused by obligate and facultative anaerobic bacteria. From odontogenic infection, Prevotella sp., Peptostreptococcus sp., and Streptococcus sp. are detected at high rate and are regarded as the three major etiologic agents. The change with time in susceptibility of strains separated from closed abscess of odontogenic infection during 7 years from 2005 to 2011 against various antibacterial agents was investigated. The results showed a decreasing tendency of susceptibility to β-lactam, macrolide, and quinolone agents. In particular, there are many β-lactamase producing strains in the Prevotella sp. Thus, it is necessary to select antibacterial agents stable for β-lactamase in patients with suspected involvement of obligate anaerobic bacteria such as cellulitis around the maxilla or deep neck abscess.View full abstractDownload PDF (256K)
Original Article
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YOSHITOMO HONDA, YASUHIRO IMAMURA, TATSUYA FUKUI, KAZUYA MASUNO, PAO-L ...2015 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 94-99
Published: 2015
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2015
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPlacental extract, which contains various bioactive agents, is thought to be a prospective medicine for systematic and oral diseases. However, in-depth information regarding its mechanisms with respect to treating periodontal diseases is not available, thereby hindering its reliable application in dentistry. Here, we demonstrated that P-placental extraction（Nippon Meat Packers Inc）, isolated from porcine tissue, increased collagen type-1 production and hindered pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion from primary human gingival fibroblasts（HGFs）in vitro. HGFs were isolated from a 65-year-old patient who had undergone surgery due to chronic periodontitis. The cells were exposed to media with or without 20-2000 μg/mL P-placental extraction for 24h. No cytotoxic effect of P-placental extraction was observed up to 200 μg/mL；cell viability was attenuated at the dose of 2000 μg/mL. When P-placental extraction was used at the noncytotoxic concentration of 200 μg/mL, it significantly enhanced collagen type-1 production by HGFs within 24h. Secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin（IL）-6 and IL-8 by HGFs treated with lipopolysaccharide（LPS）decreased when P-placental extraction was present in the medium. The results suggest that the mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of placenta against periodontal disease is partially due to modulation of the cellular function of HGFs.View full abstractDownload PDF (512K) -
IZUMO KANESAKA, AKIKO KANAYAMA, YASUHIRO NAKANISHI, TAKATSUGU SUZUKI, ...2015 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 100-105
Published: 2015
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2015
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe conducted a study about the antimicrobial susceptibility to ceftriaxone（CTRX）and prevalence of the genes cfxA/cfxA2 of clinical isolated Prevotella strains. Furthermore, we performed in vitro study for effects on the antibiotic treatment by mixed culture of β-lactamase producing Prevotella and Streptococcus mitis. All Prevotella isolates resistant to CTRX（MIC ≧32μg/mL）were found possess the cfxA/cfxA2. Prevalence of cfxA/cfxA2 of Prevotella isolates classified as susceptible by CLSI guidelines showing a MIC of ≦0.5μg/mL were less than 25% and a MIC of 1-16μg/mL were more than 73%. Viable cells of S. mitis showed more than 99% decrease in culture broth with CTRX at a concentration of 5μg/mL for up to 8 hours. In mixed culture of ESBL producing Prevotella oralis and S. mitis, viable cells of S. mitis was increased slightly in the presence of CTRX. The decrease of viable counts in S. mitis was not seen in the case of mixed culture of ESBL-producing P. oralis and S. mitis in the presence of CTRX at a concentration of 5μg/mL for up to 8 hours.
In conclusion, the cases of mixed infection with Prevotella and Oral Streptococci, it was suggested that the Prevotella producing ESBL caused an indirect pathogen for odontogenic infection.View full abstractDownload PDF (284K) -
MAIKO YAJIMA, TOMONORI MATSUNO, KAZUNARI ASANO, IZUMI MATAGA2015 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 106-117
Published: 2015
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2015
Advance online publication: November 19, 2015JOURNAL FREE ACCESSReactive oxygen species （ROS） have recently been reported to be one of the elements involved in the pathogenesis of decreased saliva secretion. In addition to the endogenous anti-oxidant systems pre-existing in vivo, exogenous anti-oxidants have attracted attention in the defense against ROS. Astaxanthin （AX） is a type of natural carotenoid, is widely distributed in various organisms, and has strong anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study conducted on human submandibular gland cells, namely, cell lines derived from human salivary glands, we examined the in vitro effects of AX on H2O2-induced oxidative stress-related disorders. Our findings showed that the prophylactic addition of 10 μM AX significantly decreased the levels of 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine and interleukins-6 and 8, as well inhibited the decrease in cell proliferation and apoptosis. In conclusion, the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of AX protect salivary gland cells from oxidative stress-induced disorders.View full abstractDownload PDF (569K)
Case Report
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FUMITAKA TERASAWA, ATSUO KAETSU, ATSUMU KOUKETSU, HIROKI GOTO, TAKAMAS ...2015 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 118-125
Published: 2015
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2015
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA 74-year-old woman was referred to our department by her dentist because of bone exposure and pus discharge of the right mandibular region. An oral examination revealed exposed devitalized bone, and pus discharge at a tooth-extraction socket of the right lower canine and lateral incisor, and a radiographic examination showed radiolucency of the right mandibular region. She had osteoporosis, and had received an oral bisphosphonate therapy. Bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the mandible was diagnosed. Bisphosphonate administration was terminated, and conservative therapy with oral administration of antibiotics and wound irrigation was carried out, but were not effective. After 4 months of conservative therapy, primary surgical therapy was carried out, because of radiographic examination suggested that a remove sequestrum had formed. Three months after primary surgery, An oral examination revealed exposed devitalized bone and teeth mobility of the left maxillary region. Eight months after primary surgery, secondary surgical therapy was carried out because of the same reason of primary surgery.
Both of lesions were kept open wound after surgery. The postoperative course was uneventful.View full abstractDownload PDF (688K) -
RYUJI KANEKO, TAKAMASA KAWAI, KAZUTO OKABE2015 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 126-131
Published: 2015
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2015
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSClostridium difficile is a Gram-positive anaerobe forming spore. Infection caused by Clostridium difficile（Clostridium difficile infection：CDI） often occurs with administering antibiotics after surgery, anticancer agents and so on. These drugs make holders of Clostridium difficile developed diarrhea result from disturbing their intestinal flora.
We have experienced a case of CDI occurred with cancer treatment. The patient was an 82-year-old man who had a gingival cancer. Severe diarrhea was seen with administering antibiotics as a trigger after operation. At first, we considered the cause of diarrhea as complication of tube feeding. However, it was of no effect to stop the antibiotics and change the enteral nutrition. Finally, we diagnosed CDI by carrying out a bacteriological examination for Clostridium difficile and clinical features. To provide metronidazole after stopping the antibiotics was effective cure for the infection. The patient recovered from diarrhea and gradually gained weight. He remains well without CDI and cancer recurrence.
In case of postoperative patients given antibiotics, prolonged or severe digestive symptoms in spite of usual management have the possibility of CDI. It is recommended to exam Clostridium difficile antigen and toxin. In addition, consultation to internal medicine is also important.View full abstractDownload PDF (527K)
Research Study
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drug use-results survey for patients with post-tooth extraction painMOTOKO FUJIE, KOJI KAWAI, HISANORI KOBAYASHI, SHIN-ICHI HIROKAWA, AKIK ...2015 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 132-141
Published: 2015
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2015
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe objective of this study was to document the safety of tramadol hydrochloride/acetaminophen combination tablets for patients with post-tooth extraction pain. A total of 297 from 299 patients, who were enrolled in this study between January 2012 and January 2013, were evaluated. Patient demographics, administration characteristics, and safety, as well as drug effectiveness data were analyzed. The most common administration was one-day administration（n=93, 31.3%）and two tablets once a day（n=87, 29.3%）. Common side effects observed with active treatment were nausea（n=69, 23.2%）and vomiting（n=28, 9.4%）. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that females（p=0.013）and low body mass index（p=0.019）were identified as potential risk factors of nausea and vomiting occurrence. The present surveillance supported the overall safety profile of combination tablets in patients with post-tooth extraction pain.View full abstractDownload PDF (477K)
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