Fundamental and clinical studies were carried out on latamoxef sodium, a synthetic antibiotics of oxacephem group. Transfer of antibiotics to the gingiva and blood collected during oral surgical operation and their peak concentrations were determined by the cup-plate method after administration of latamoxef sodium in 25 cases.
Normal and cicatricial gingival tissues were comparatively examined. Peak concentrations of latamoxef sodium in the blood serum and the gingival tissues were obtained one hour after it was intramusculary administered. The peak concentration in the cicatricial gingiva was approximately 54.8% of those in the normal gingiva.
As a clinical study, the drug was administered intravenously by drip infusion to 53 cases postoperatively. The rate of effectiveness was 65.9%.
While latamoxef sodium is undoubtedly a superior antibiotics, in the oral cavity it is more effective as postoperatively infection preventer.

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The influence of caffeine (Caf.) on the analgesic effect of acetoaminophen (APAP.) for relief of post exodontic pain was studied in a double blind comparative study.
The medicine used for this study was divided into the following four groups : Group A APAP. 400 mg; Group B, APAP. 400 mg plus Cal. 60 mg; Group C, APAP. 600 mg plus Cal. 90 mg; and Group D, APAP. 600 mg plus Cal. 120 mg.
It was confirmed by an independent controller that the capsules containing medicine could not be distinguished from each other by outlook.
The population that participated in the study consisted of patients who were expected to have pain after tooth extractions.The following persons were excluded from the study : those whose age was under 14 years old or over 75 years old ; those who were pregnant as well as those assumed to be pregnant ; those who had an ulcerative gastro-intestinal disease as well as those who had had one in the past; those who had medicament allergy ; and those whom the attending doctor considered inappropriate for the study for other reasons.
The medicine was administered to 593 persons, out of whom 112 were excluded from the study since they had not taken the medicine. Fifty more persons were dropped out because they had not followed the instructions given as how to take the medicine. Thus, the number of cases used for the statistical analysis totaled 431, out of which 104 constituted Group A ; 119 Group B ; 106 Group C and 102 Group D.
As for the background of these cases prior to the study, there was no statistical deviation among Groups A, B and C, but a slight deviation was observed between Group D and the other groups in items of such things as the time required for tooth extraction. However, no deviation was observed in other major items. Therefore, it was decided that the differences among the groups do not interfere with the validity of a double blind comparative study.
The following results were obtained from the study.
1) According to a subjective assessment of the patients, no significant differences were recognized among Groups A, B and C, while it was recognized that Group D tended to have less effect than the others.
2) According to a comprehensive assessment done by the attending doctors, no significant statistical differences were recognized among Groups A, B and C, while Group D had less effect than the others (p<0.05) .
3) In items of the time lag from the beginning of medication to analgesic effect, no significant statistical differences were recognized among Groups A, B and C, while Group D was recognized as being slower than the others (p<0.05) .
4) No noteworthy side effects were recognized in any patient in this study.
With the above-mentioned results, it was concluded that Caf. did not increase the analgesic effect of APAP. on the relief of post exodontic pain.

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In vitro antibacterial activity of latamoxef sodium (LMOX) was studies on 90 clinical isolates of gram-positive and gram-negative anaerobes.
LMOX has a wide antibacterial spectrum against representative positive and gram-negative anaerobes, and is particularly active against clinical isolates of Peptococcus inagnus and Propionibacterium spp.

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Serapiase^®, an anti-inflammatory Serrapeptase enzyme, was administered to 100 patients with inflammation caused acute periodontal abcess, periodontitis, radicular cysts, and peri-coronitis, and with post operative inflammation after tooth extraction and gingival flap operation. Clinical studies were performed and the following results were obtained:
1) Serapiase^® is particularly effective for inflammation with swelling, and other infected wounds with secretion and necrotic tissues. The efficacy rate was 88.7% by chief doctors and 89.8% by marks.
2) The effectiveness increased when using with antibiotics and particularly better results were gained when using with anti-inflammatory analgesic agents in case of major operations.
3) Obvious side effects were not observed.

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Evaluating the clinical validity of Cephapirin (Cefatrexyl for injection), which is known as an effective antibiotic mainly applied to gram-positive bacilli, we administered it to 5 patients who suffered from oral and maxillo-facial infection and to 16 patients for preventing post-operative infection. These cases were admitted and treated at our department between November 1984 and May 1985. Then the following results were obtained
1) Cefapirin was administered from 2 to 6 g by intravenous injection twice a day, for 3 to 19 days with an average of 6 days.
2) Researched cases were composed of 21 patients (12 men and 9 women) whose ages ranging from 14 to 76 years.
3) The efficacy rate of the drug was 80% in the group of infection such as severe acute osteomyelitis or phlegmone.
4) The efficacy rate was 100% in the group that using to preventing post-operative infections, after operations such as excision of tumor or cyst, or open reduction of jaw fructures.
5) Side effects were observed in 3 cases (14%), which were recorded as drug eruption, diarrhea and others. Various clinical examinations were performed in 10 cases, but any abnormal finding was not recognized during and after administration of Cefapirin.
As conclusion of this evaluation, it could be emphasized that Cefapirin was an useful antibiotic for primary severe infections and preventing post-operative infections in the oral and maxillo-facial regions.

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A new non-steroid anti-inflammatory agent, Pranoprofen (Niflan^®), was administered postoperatively to 30 cases which received various ambulantory surgical operations in the field of oral surgery at our department between December 1984 and April 1985. The clinical researches were done and the following results were obtained.
1) The performed operations in this study were composed of complicated exodontias, removal of benign tumors and cysts, making a small window on the anterior wall of the sinus with chronic sinusitis and others.
2) The patients took capsules with 75 mg of Pranoprofen for three times a day, i.e. 225 mg a day for 3 days to 10 days.
3) The results were evaluated into four steps from the view point of inhibiting the postoperative inflammation from“excellent”till“no effect.”The results of the whole cases showed that the excellent inhibition was accounted for 14 cases or 47% of 30 cases, the middle inhibition 6 cases or 20%, the slight inhibition and no effect each 5 cases or 16.5%.
4) Side effects were recorded on none of all 30 cases.
5) The cases of “highly usefulness” and“fair usefulness”together were accounted for 67% of all studied cases.
According to the results of the researches, we would conclude that Pranoprofen could be clinically safe and effective, when the agent was administered on cases postoperatively in the field of oral surgery expecting its anti-inflammatory efficacy.

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The effect of Taisoal contained 0.5% Irgasan DP300 on bacterial flora in saliva and minimal inhibitory concentration against Candida species were examined.
Growth of bacteria in saliva (10³-10⁵ CFU/ml) was absolutely inhibited by treatment with 8% for 10 minutes and 12%, 2.5 minutes, however 99.9% of bacteria except Streptococcus mitior and Bacillus sterothermophilus were inhibited by treatment with 4% for 10 minutes.
With 2% of Taisoal, Candida species in saliva were inhibited.
The minimal inhibitory concentration against 8 species, 75 strains of Candida was less than 0.1%.

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Polyvinylpyroridone-iodine, povidone-iodine, has widely been used as an antiseptic for the skin and mucous membrane. A similar antiseptic, β-cyclodextrine-iodine which contains β-cyclodextrine instead of polyvinylpyroridone as the stabilizer, was tested for its antimicrobial effect in this experiment. In the study reported herein the antimicrobial efficiency of β-cyclodextrine-iodine was adequate even in dilutions up to 80 of the original solution of the antiseptic to kill all of 20 strains (13 species) of microorganisms including Staphylcccccus, Streptococcus and oral bacteria used in this experiment within 30 seconds. The bactericidal effect of β-cyclodextrine-iodine was comparable to or more than that of povidone-iodine, and the result indicated that β-cyclodextrine-iodine is a usefull disinfectant for the skin and mucous membrane.

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