Odontogenic karatocysts tend to recur after surgery. Voorsmit first used Carnoy's solution to prevent the recurrence of keratocysts, but few experimental studies have assessed the basic properties of this solution. Therefore, the penetration depth of Carnoy's solution in the labial gingiva of the mandible of Sprague-Dawley rats was measured after staining with Berlin blue stain. The resules of this in vitro experiment suggested that Carnoy's solution penetrates below the epithelium of odontogenic keratocysts by soaking in it from 1 to 3 minutes.

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To objectively evaluate the clinical usefulness of TS-110 (hereinafter veferred to as “ T ”) against the pain caused after extraction of the lower mandibular impacted wisdom tooth, a double-blind between-group comparison trial was conducted using mefenamic acid (hereinafter veferred to as “ M ”) as the control drug.
1. Except for 40 of the 270 cases, 111 patients in the T group and 113 in the M group were analyzed for efficacy, 114 and 115 respectively were analyzed for safety and 111 and 112 for usefulness of the drug.
2. Though there was no significant difference in the cumulative rate of no pain (imme-diacy) between the two groups, the rate was higher in the T group than in the M group up to 5 hours after extraction.
3. There was no significant difference in the time up to the pain recurrence (persistence) . Those who did not feel recurring pain for more than 5 hours accounted for 75.3% (64/85) in the T group and 68.4% (54/79) in the M group.
4. As for the overall pain improvement, those demonstrating “moderate improvement” or “marked improvement” acccounted for 78.4% (87/111) and 69.9% (79/113) in the respective groups, indicating that the improvement in the T group was more than or equal to that in the M group.
5. Adverse effects occurred in 3 cases (2.6%) in the T group in the form of mild chill (2), headache (1) and chest pain (1), and in 2 cases (1.7%) in the M group in the form of moderate gastric discomfort (1), nausea (1), and mild stomachache (1) . None of these symptoms caused any clinical problem.
6. As for usefulness, the drug was assessed as “safe” in 97.4% (111/114) of the T group and 98.3% (113/115) of the M group.
7. As for usefulness, the drug was assessed as “useful” or “extremely useful” in 79.3% (88/111) of the T group and 78.6% (88/112) of the M group.
As described above, TS-110 is a useful drug which has excellent quick and persistent action against post-extraction pain and which demonstrates analgesic effect more than or equal to that of mefenamic acid.

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Purpose : The role of mouthwash in improving the sanitary condition of the mouth has been restudied recently. However, the effect of mouthwash on mature plaque, is unknown. In this study, mature plaque was treated with Aqua Oxidizing Water, and its effects were examined under an electron microscope.
Materials and Methods : The subjects were 20 healthy volunteers including students and members of the dental stuff of our department. To collect plaque, epoxy resin (Quetol, Nisshin EM, Tokyo) film was produced and temporary applied to the interdental region of the upper first and second premolars on both sides of the mouth using instantly polymerizing resin. Plaque formed on the epoxy resin film was collected with the film at certain intervals from 6 to 120 hours after plaque was allowed to form. The film with adherent plaque was treated by three methods : soaking in physiological saline (Otsuka Seiyaku, Co. Ltd., Japan) [the control group], soaking in Listerine^® (the mouthwash group) and soaking in aqua oxidizing water [aqua oxidizing water group] for 30 sec. Then the film in all groups was fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution, dehydrated with alcohol, embedded in Quetol resin according to the conventional method, and examined under a transmission electron microscope (TEM) . Some specimens were also examined under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) .
Result and Discussion : Plaque accumulation was detected 12 hours after plaque was allowed to form in the control group. Electron microscope examination revealed that inhibition of plaque formation at the beginning, a slight change in the shape of bacterial colonies, and extracellular substances occur on the surface of mature plaque in the mouthwash group and aqua oxidizing water group. These findings show that aqua oxidizing water affects plaque especially at the begining of plaque formation.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate of sulbactam/cefoperazon (SBT/ CPZ) and ceftazidim (CAZ) on 4 strains of P. aeruginosa when they are used with fosfomycin (FOM) both in vivo and in vitro.
MICs of the 3 agents against 4 strains were measured. The producibility of β-lactamase against 4 strains was checked. To investigate the combined use of FOM with the Cephems, FTC (Fractional Inhibitory Concentration) indexes were calculated by means of the checker board method.
After MLD (Minimal Lethal Dose) of each strain for a mouse was calculated, twice the amount of MLD was given to each of the 6 mice by intraperitoneal injection.
Two hours later, each of the mice was administered single antimicrobial agent and ED₅₀ was determined. The Concentration ratio of FOM to SBT/CPZ as well as FOM to CAZ was set as follows based on these ED₅₀ : 1 : 1, 1/2: 1/2, 1/4: 1/4, 1/8: 1/8, 1/2: 1/4, 1/2: 1/8, and 1/2: 1/16.
The survival of the mice was observed after 15 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours and one week.
Every strain could produce β-lactamase. MICs of SBT/CPZ were 12.5 25μg/ml ; MICs of CAZ were 1.56-3.13/μg/ml ; and MICs of FOM were 50-200μg/ml. The sensitivity of CAZ was superior to that of the others. As to FTC index of SBT/CPZ + FOM, 3 strains had 0.375 and 1 strain had 0.75. As to CAZ + FOM, 1 strain had 0.375, 2 strains had 0.5, and 1 strain had 0.75, which revealed that SBT/CPZ + FOM had a greater potentialization. CAZ, when used alone, was superior in the ED₅₀ investigation. However, when used with FOM, SBT/CPZ showed better results.

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In the clinical studies of new antimicrobial agents from March 1993 to December 1995 throughout Japan, pus samples which were aspirated with sterile injectors from closed abscesses of odontogenic infection were cultured and identified at Mitsubishi Kagaku BCL.
From 628 cases of odontogenic infection, 1145 strains of causative organisms were identified. According to the new “ Guide Line of Antimicrobial Agents in Japan, ” 10 cases are sufficient for clinical evaluation of odontogenic infection. Therefore in the future, identification of strains from as many as 628 cases will be impossible. This is considered to be the last chance to list up the causative organisms from 628 cases of odontogenic infections.

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Minocycline has been frequently inserted topically into the periodontal pocket of periodontal disease. The causative organisms of periodontal disease were collected from clinical cases. Twenty strains of Prevotella intermedia, 20 strains of Porphyromonas gingivalis, 20 strains of Capnocytophaga sp., 20 strains of Fusobacterium nucleatum, 15 strains of Eikenella corrodens, and 15 strains of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans were identified and stocked. MICs of minocycline were measured for those organisms. MIC ranges and MIC₉₀ were as follows : Prevotella intermedia (≤0.025-3.13, 1.56), Porphyromonas gingivalis (≤0.025-1.56, 0.39), Capnocytophaga sp. (0.05-0.2, 0.10), Fusobacterium nucleatum (≤0.025-3.13, 0.10), Eikenella corrodens (0.2-1.56, 0.78), and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (0.39-0.78, 0.78) .
To evaluate therapeutic agents for periodontal disease, one should measure the susceptibility of causative organisms and the effusion level in periodontal pockets.
Minocycline maintained favorable susceptibility to organisms of periodontal disease.

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