Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of tetracyline, clindamycin, ampicillin and cefazolin against 10 strains of Bacteroides species were undertaken. The MICs against Brucella agar plate (BBL) and TF agar plate (NISSUI), using on 10⁸ cells/ml and 10⁶ cells/ml of Bacteroides strains, were compared.
The curves of cumulative % of MIC to ampicillin and cefazolin for Bacteroides strains were located in more resistant side than usually reported, but MIC to tetracycline and clindamycin were located in sensitivity.
Marked decline of tetracycline and cefazolin between Brucella agar plate and TF agar plate were observed for almost all Bacteroides strains tested. However, little change of MIC between Brucella agar plate and TF agar plate was observed in clindamycin and ampicillin.

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Agar well method was compared with cup method. Diameter of inhibition zone of Agar well method was smaller than diameter of inhibition zone of cup method.
Diameter of inhibition zone of Agar well method was almost same size and the measured value of Agar well method was low in aberration.

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1. Fundamental Study
1) 100 mg/kg of SM-1652 was administrated by intravenous injection in SD strain rats. The concentrations in plasma and oral tissues were measured by the means of agar-well method. The concentrations of SM-1652 in oral tissues were the highest in gingiva and fol-lowed in tongue, bone and salivary glands. The concentrations after administration of SM-1652 in plasma and oral tissues were similar to cefazolin and were superior to cefope-razone.
2) 13 patients with oral disease were given a does of 1, 000 mg of SM-1652 by intravenous injection before operation. The plasma and various oral tissues obtained by surgery were measured by the means of agar-well method. Plasma level of SM-1652 decreased very slowly and the distribution in oral tissues were the highest in gingiva and followed in tongue, salivary glands and bone. Transference to inflammatory tissues was not inferior to those of normal tissues.
2. Clinical Study
3) SM-1652 was administered to 80 patients of various infections. Cefpiramide was administered by intravenous bolus injection at a daily dose of 1g (1g×1, 0.5 g×2 times) .
The following results were obtained.
Cases were consisted of 44 cases of maxillary ostitis, 5 cases of ostitis alveolaris, 16 cases of phlegmon of the floor of the mouth, 6 cases of pericoronitis, one case of odontogenic maxillary sinuitis, one case of post operative maxillary cyst, 3 cases of buccal abscess, one case of peritonsillitis, 2 cases of sialoadenitis and one case of ulcerative stomatitis.
One case was dropped out and the evaluation was made with remaining 79 cases.
The clinical effects based on subjective judgement were excellent in 46 cases, good in 15 cases, fair in 7 cases, poor in 11 cases. The clinical effects obtained in judgement by point were excellent in 45 cases, good in 18 cases, poor in 16 cases.
Effective rate in subjective judgement was 77.2%. Effective rate in judgement by point was 79.7%. As side effects, antabuse reaction were observed in 2 cases, diarrhea and exanthema in each one case. The slightly elevation of GOT, GPT were observed in pa-tients in the laboratory examinations.
The results indicate usefulness of SM-1652 in the treatment of various infections in the field of oral surgery.

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Rikkosan formulated for analgesic purposes in the field was administered to 36 patients with chronic pain to study its effectiveness.
About 90% of the patients were being treated under the clinical diagnosis of trigeminal neuralgia. Rikkosan was principally administered to the patients at a dose of 10 g in 2 fractions for one consecutive week and its effectiveness was investigated. Patients who received carbamazepine or other agents were given Rikkosan with continued administration of those agents.
The effectiveness of Rikkosan was evaluated on the basis of changes of the severity of pain which was divided into 5 stages. The following results were obtained:
(1) Three percent of the patients exhibited markedly effective results, 14% effective and 30% slightly effective, totalling 47%. In 53% of the patients, Rikkosan was ineffective.
(2) No serious side-effects were observed.
Based on these results, it is considered that Rikksan is worth trying against pain which is difficult to relieve in the dental field.

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The patients, who underwent a medical examination at the Department of Oral Surgery, Okayama University Dental School, were examined on antalgic effect of BAXO (general term: piroxicam) .
As a result, the total cases numbered 95, with 34 adopted cases and 61 exceptions. Among the adopted cases, there were 31 cases where there was a antalgic effect. Moreover, among the exceptional cases, there were 20 cases where the placebo effect was found, and 41 cases with no pain or, if any, in a slight degree, who did not take either medicine.
As for the antalgic effect of BAXO on the pain after teeth extractions and small oral surgeries, there were 31 cases where the effect was observed, and 3 cases without any effect. It can be considered that this medicine would have high antalgic effect and be very useful in the field of oral surgery.

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The cleaning of the mouth and massaging of the gums by means of toothbrushing are important aspects of daily oral hygiene for the prevention of gingivitis.
In this study, a dentifrice called“ACESS for children” (Sato Seiyaku Co., Ltd.) was ex-amined for its clinical effects on gingivitis in children.
The following results were obtained:
1) Four weeks after starting treatment with this dentifrice, 56% (14/25) of the cases studied showed improvement ; and by the final week of treatment, 88% (22/25) had improved.
2) Redness of the gingiva subsided in 45.6% of the cases by four weeks, and in 93%, by the final week. Swelling decreased in 45.6% by four weeks, and in 85.9% by the final week.
3) Halitosis also was cured in 3 out of the 4 patients displaying in by two weeks after the beginning of treatment; by the fourth week, the fourth patient also improved.
4) Though there was some unpleasantness noted by some patients, no negative side effects were found.
On the strength of these clinical findings, this dentifrice is considered quite effective in the prevention of gingivitis in children.

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The infectious disease tends to decrease by means of wide-spread use of the chemotherapy.
We reported on two cases of actinomycosis in oral area, and then took into consideration about many problems in diagnosing and treating them. The first one showed a complicated progress associated by toxic hepatitis which had been caused by immunoreaction. We could not obtain a bacteriological evidence to substatiate a diagnosis of this, although clinical findings were most suggestive of actinomycosis. The second case showed only painless granulation tumor, but this was exactly diagnosed by pathological finding after the operation.

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Recently, the topical anesthesia with 20% Benzocaine (Hurricaine-R) have been developed in the United States of America.
In this present study, 96 children (liquid type ; 45, gel type ; 51) aged over 3 years were chosen as the subject of this onset effects investigation clinically.
The neuromuscular action potential of frog was evaluated in this experimental study to have been compared with 8% Lidocaine.
The results were as follows.
1. In liquid type, there were effective results in 72.1% and without effect in 28.9% in the total results.
2. In gel type, the results were more remarkable than those in liquid. 96.1% were effective and only 3.9% were of no effect.
3. No side effects were found in both liquid and gel type.
4. Regarding the disappear time and recovery time of action potential between Benzocaine and Lidocaine, the onset effect of Benzocaine was short and recovery time would be inclined to be longer than that in Lidocaine. Benzocaine had an immediate effect and the long lasting time in anesthesia was obtained as compared with Lidocaine.

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A double-blind clinical study was conducted to examine the analgesic efficacy and safety of Suprofen, a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, in comparison with inactive placebo (lactose) after tooth extraction. Patients were administered either Suprofen 200 mg or inactive placebo.
Statistically analyzed cases were 33 with Suprofen group and 28 with placebo group in 77 with total treated cases. 16 cases were excluded because of taking no drug. In analgesic efficacy, Suprofen group was significantly superior to placebo group (p<0.01) . Side effect was reported 1 case (fatigue) in placebo group, but no case in Suprofen group during this study. On overall clinical evaluation score, Suprofen group was significantly superior to placebo group (p<0.01) .
Summarizing the above results, it can be concluded that Suprofen has sure analgesic efficacy, superior usefulness and safety after tooth extraction.

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The authors obtained the following results from examinations of the species of organisms found from the oral infectious disease and from related antimicrobial sensitivity tests.
1. Out of a total of 294 cases, 111 revealed the presence of aerobic bacteria, 121, that of anerobic bacteria and 62, that of both. Thus the majority (62%) were infected with anerobic bacteria. It was also found that approximately 40% had mixed infections by two or more organisms.
2. Staphylococci, streptococci, peptococci, peptostreptococci and other gram-positive bacteria accounted for 74% of the 435 varieties of organisms detected, the majority of which were normal oral flora, although some varienties were observed.
3. In the antimicrobial sensitivity tests, many resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus were noted; furthermore, it was observed that aminoglycosides were ineffective against streptococci and the anerobic organisms, but that these bacteria were highly sensitive to the Cefems used for injection and to PCs but somewhat less so to CEX.

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This study was carried out to elucidate the relationships between Bleomycin (BLM) sensitivity and the therapeutic procedure for oral carcinoma.
In 38 cases with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral regions (moval oral mucosa : tongue, mouth floor, buccal mucosa, lip, soft palate), BLM was administrated i.v. 15 mg, twice a week (total doses 90 mg) .
BLM sensitivity was estimated from the tumor regression rate after BLM administration and was related to various clinico-pathological findings. Therefore, we were able to calculate by computer system higher co-relationship between the estimated regression rate and the observation value of the regression rate from the grade of clinical and histological malignancy of the tumor.
With regards to this data, treatment methods before operations have been selected and discussed.

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Recently, the procedure of tube feeding has been commonly used for sanitary, rest and protection against the infection of operated wounds and also for taking food sufficiently. Sometimes the procedure is accompanied with side effects, such as diarrhoea and other abdominal symptoms. These symptoms have been caused by secondary lactose intolerance. In this study, we administered Galantase to our ten patients operated in the oral cavity who were treated with tube feeding and got the following results.
1) For three days we priscribed Gelantase to the patients, then diarrhoea and abdominal symptoms were disappeared.
2) Comparing the value of serum TP, IP and Ca between before and during the administration, those values increased on the later periods.
By the above mentioned, it is concluded that Galantase is effective to improve and to prevent some symptoms, which were caused by tube feeding and further this medicine would be effective for improving nutritional condition after surgical operations in the oral cavity.

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Three kinds of Ultracains (Ultracain 2%, Ultracain 2%+ad. 1/200, 000 and Ultracain 4%+ad. 1/100, 000) were compared with two kinds of Xylocaines (Xylocaine 2% and Xylocaine 2%+ad. 1/80, 000) by Takai Murase's procedure of modified Björn's method.
The result showed that Anesthetic pattern of Ultracain and Xylocaine were observed no significant difference, and Ultracain 4%+ad. was most effective on the depth, duration and defusion in the five agents, then Xylocaine 2%+ad. and Ultracain 2%+ad. were almost same good effect, but Xylocaine 2% and Ultracain 2% showed poor effect.
Side effect were not observed on all cases.

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A suspected case of severe hepatic injury due to cephamycin derivatives is presented. Twenty-year-old woman suffered from mandibular prognathism was given Cefoxitin 2, 000 mg per day intravenously for 7 days to prevent infections after the operation of the sagit-tal splitting osteotomy on the ramus of the mandible. At the 8th day after the operation febrility to 40°C and fatigue were appeared and the value of GOT, GPT and LDH were elevated remarkably. The hepatic injury was suspected from these findings. Soon after the discontinuation of administration of antibiotics she appeared to be improved. Two months later, values of her liver function tests showed within normal limits.
In conclusion, the following points are raised. 1) Idiopathic hepatic injury due to antibiotics can not be anticipated before medication. 2) Latency of the clinical symptom of the hepatitis delayed the adequate treatment of the hepatic injury. 3) It is necessary to have immediate liver function tests when the hepatic injury due to drugs is suspected.

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Chemoprophylaxis by means of antibiotics is of great importance when such dental pro-cedures as extractions, infective root canal treatment and deep scaling are carried out in case of heart disease, immunocompromised patients, recent heart surgery cases, diabetics mellitus and others with fundamental disorders in which infection is liable to arise.
In the present study, we have compared the effects of normal dosages of various antibiotics administered to healthy volunteers at the same time examining the changes in drug sensitivity and in the concentrations of these substances in the blood as well as the effects of eating. Our results and conclusions are as follows;
1. Administration of amoxicillin (AMPC), talampicillin (TAPC) and clindamycin (CLDM) on an empty stomach was efficacious.
2. Amoxicillin (AMPC) is recommended for postprandial administration.
3. Further study is required in relation to dosages, including those appropriate in cases of infective endocardits.

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Bacampicillin was administrated to the 23 patients of oral tract infection. In the 23 pts, acute odontogenic infections were admitted 20 patients, the following result was obtained. The rate of effectiveness was 80 per cent. In 23 cases, no significant side effects were observed. In 9 cases, no abnormality in laboratory examinations was observed.
Bacampicillin was considered to be useful antibiotics for oral tract acute infection.

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The influences of the simple and infectious inflammations on Ampicillin (ABPC) concentration in gingiva, labial tissue in the mandible associated with incisor, of rats following a single oral administration of Tarampicillin (TAPC), 300 mg/kg, was studied. In order to form acute experimental inflammation in gingiva, 1.0% carageenin solution (0.025 ml) and Staphylococcus aureus suspension (0.025 ml, 10¹⁰ organisms/ml) were injected into the labial tissue in the mandible associated with incisor, 5 and 24 hours before the oral administration of TAPC, respectively. The pH and temperature of the inflammed gingiva were also determined.
The following results were obtained:
(1) Carageenin inflammed gingiva gave the highest pH, which was followed by the control. S. aureus infected gingiva gave the lowest pH.
(2) Carageenin inflammed gingiva gave significantly higher temperature than the control. S. aureus infected gingiva gave approximately the same as that of carageenin inflammed gingiva.
(3) The tissue concentrations of ABPC in both carageenin and S. aureus infected gin-givas were slightly lower than that of control (approximately 25% lower in AUC) .
(4) The ratio of (tissue concentration) / (serum concentration) was calculated to demonstrate that both inflammed gingivas by carageenin and S. aureus gave lower values than that of control. Decreases of the ratios by carageenin and S. aureus were 40 and 22%, respectively.

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