CFTM-PI was administered to 153 patients at single oral dose of 50 mg, 100 mg, or 200 mg, and the blood concentration of active agent CFTM at the wound site after exodontia was determined. When the blood concentration was set at 0.2 μg/ml (MIC₈₀) as a chemoprophylactic target level, the concentrations achieved over the target level are 39 % (9/23 cases) in 50 mg administration group, 76 % (41/54 cases) in 100 mg group and 80 % (39/49 cases) in 200 mg group during 60-240 minutes after the administration.
From these results, it is indicated that CFTM-PI is a useful agent for the prophylaxis and the treatment of odontogenic infections with dosage scheduled at 200 mg 3 times a day.

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Lenampicillin (LAPC), an oral antimicrobial agent of a Penicillin derivative, was evaluated clinically in 58 cases with oral infections such as periodontitis, pericoronitis and osteitis of jaw. The daily dose of 750-1500 mg was used, and the following results were recorded.
1) The clinical efficacy rate was 91.4 % according to the numerical rating on the 3 rd day of the treatment, and 89.6 % by the judgement of the doctor-in-charge.
2) Side effects were observed in 3 cases (5.2 %) . However, the symptoms were not serious. No abnormal change was noted.
3) A total of 66 strains were isolated from the pus of abscesses, of which 30 strains (45.5 %) were anaerobes, indicating the important role of anaerobes in oral infections.
4) The aerobes consisted predominately of Oral Streptococci. The anaerobes consisted largely of Peptostreptococci and Bacteroides.
5) ABPC demonstrated high effectiveness on the isolated organisms. In contrast, OFLX and CCL had little effect on the isolated organisms.

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The clinical efficacy, side effects and clinical usefulness of Cefteram pivoxil (CFTM-PI) were compared with dose of Cefaclor (CCL) by a double-blind method in the treatment of oral infections. Since the need explanation, what does it mean by test compound were odontogenic antibacterial agents, the target diseases were limited to periodontal infections, pericoronitis and osteitis of jaw. Drugs were administered for 3-7 days at doses of 200mg t, i. d. (CFTM-PI) and 250 mg t.i.d. (CCL) . A total of 248 cases were included in this study.
Results obtained were as follows:
1) The clinical efficacy was evaluated by the doctors-in-charge in 245 cases (123 in the CFTM-PI group and 122 in the CCL group) and the numerical rating on the 3 rd day of treatment in 245 cases (123 in the CFTM-PI group and 122 in the CCL group) .
The clinical efficacy rate according to the doctors-in-charge was 84.5 % for the CFTM-PI group and 79.5 % for the CCL group. The evaluation of the numerical rating was 88.7 % for the CFTM-PI group and 80.9 % for the CCL group.
There was no significant difference found in tems of clinical effectiveness between the two groups by using these two methods of clinical diagnosis.
2) Some side effects were discovered in 5 cases (4.1 % of 122) treated with CFTM-PI and in 4 cases (3.3 % of 120) treated with CCL, but no severe symptoms were observed. Abnormal changes found in the laboratory were noted as 9.1 % in the CFTM-PI group and 14.5 % in the CCL group.
There was no significant difference in terms of safety between the two groups.
3) Similarly, in terms of clinical usefulness, there was no significant difference between these two groups.
From these results, it is concluded that CFTM-PI is as effective as CCL in the treatment of odontogenic infections.

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The incidence and clinical features of drug fever caused by antibiotics were investigated by analyzing the inpatients treated with antibiotics of parenteral use in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery during the past 5 years.
1) Of a total of 576 cases, drug fever was found in 4 cases (0.7 %) .
2) Latamoxef (LMOX) induced drug fever in 1 out of 117 (0.9 %), cefotaxime (CTX) in 1 out of 69 (1.4 %) and piperacillin (PIPC) +cefazolin (CEZ) in 2.
3) Drug fever occurred on 1st, 3rd, 11 th and 14 th day. The type of fever was cassified as gradual onset type in 2 and cataplectic type in 2. The grade of fever was 38.2-39.0°C.The fever subsided within 1 to 3 days after drugs administration was terminated.
4) From these laboratory findings, a transient decrease in the number of leukocytes was found in 2 cases, eosinophilia in 1 case, a slight decrease in the number of platelet in 1 case and a transient elevation of alkaline phosphatase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase level in 1 case. However, no definite trend was recognized.
Further clinical examination has stown different disorders as well as different clinical manifestations. Therefore it is important to observe carefully the patient's clinical process in making diagnosis such as drug fever.

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It was reported that some of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) inhibited arachidonic acid synthesis or suppressed active oxygen production to control inflammations in vivo.
We investigated the effects of NSAID on LTs generation and O^-/⋅₂ production of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) separated from human peripheral blood. O^-/⋅₂ production was detected by CLA-dependent chemiluminescence method and LTs were measured by RP-HPLC. PMN was stimulated by opsonized zymosan (OZ), myristate acetate (PMA) and Ca ionophore A23187 successively separately. Loxoprofen sodium (Loxonin^®), Diclofenac sodium (Voltaren^®) and Indomethacin (Indacin^®) were used as NSAID. The results were as follows :
1) PMN generated only LTB4 when they were stimulated by Ca ionophore A23187. Three units of NSAIDs at the concentration of 25 μg/ml inhibited the generation of LTB₄.
2) O^-/⋅₂ generation by OZ stimulating PMN was not influenced by NSAID. When PMA was used as a stimulant, Loxonin® suppressed the O^-/⋅₂ generation. But Voltaren^® and Indacin^® slightly enhanced O^-/⋅₂ generation. On the contrary, when Ca ionophore A 23187 was used as a stimulant, Voltaren^® and Indacin^® showed inhibitory effects on O^-/⋅₂ generation.
These results suggested that NSAID imposed different effects on the function of PMN.

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A case of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infection following the surgical resection of tongue cancer was reported.
The infection of MRSA in the mouth floor would prolong wound healing and cause formation of the mandibular skin fistula. It was postulated that the causes of MRSA infection in this case were the long term postoperative use of first-generation antibiotics and the postoperative radiation osteomyelitis.
The wound healing was observed during an eight-month postoperative course under the antibiotics treatment, and the gentamicin was considered to be the most effective agent in this case.

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Fluconazole, a triazole antifungal agent, was studied for its pharmacokinetics and reliability for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) .
The results obtained are as follows,
1) The blood and saliva concentrations of Fluconazole after oral administration ran parallel and were almost equal.
2) When an oral dose of 200 mg Fluconazole was administered, saliva concentration reached 75 % Inhibitory concentration (IC₇₅) for almost all oral candida activities, and especially for Candida albicans it reached a comparable result as from an oral dose of 100 mg Fluconazole.
3) Saliva concentration is similar to that of the blood level, thus, this indicates that the saliva concentration is a reliable measure for TDM.

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A case of a patient with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus showed severed complication after the extraction of 3. The dental procedure is presented as follows.
A 49-year-old male was referred to Fukuoka dental college hospital with a chief complaint of swelling and spontaneous pain on both sides of mental, submandibular and upper neck regions.
His blood sugar rate was 317 mg/dl, and HbA1 was 16.4 %.
Incision, pus evacuation and medication were made. But the patient was not cooperative with the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Thus the healing of odontogenic infection was delayed because the condition of diabetes mellitus was unstable.
By the result of bacilloscopy, anaerobia were detected.

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The effects of eperisone hydrochloride (Myonal^®) on 40 patients with temporomandibular arthrosis are evaluated.
The results of improvement are as follows : Out of 40 patients, overall improvement was found to be 65 %, pain in improvement was 75.7 %, trismus improvement was 76.2 %, articu-larprocess noises improvement was 27.8 %. Myonal was effective for patients with type I (damage in muscle of mastication), and type II (chronic traumato-disease) was significantly more superior than type III (internal derangements) . The side effects were noted tobe 17.5 %, but there was no specifically serious case, and the cause-and-effect relationship with Myonal was unpredictable.

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The distribution of Sparfloxacin (AT-4140) was measured in New Zealand White rabbits after oral administration at a dose of 20 mg/kg.
Sparfloxacin was detected in serum, tongue, gingiva, submandibular gland, parotid gland, cervical lymph node and mandibular bone.
Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from the means of serum levels and each tissue level using two compartment model and moment analysis.

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In the present study, we have measured the serum level and saliva concentration of Sparfloxacin (SPFX) after a single administration of SPFX (200 mg) to the ten volunteer with cross over test under two conditions, fasting and nonfasting.
A pharmacokinetic study was performed using one compartment model. The parameters calculated were as follows :
Serum Saliva
fasting nonfasting fasting nonfasting
Tmax (h) 4.41 4.30 4.28 4.35
Cmax (μg/ml) 1.23 1.33 0.98 0.92
T1/2 (h) 10.92 11.20 11.55 11.55
AUC (μg·h/ml) 25.27 27.27 21.17 19.53

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Oral dose of 200 mg Sparfloxacin was administered before exodontia in 206 patients. The drug concentration of Sparfloxacin in the blood from the exodontia wound was measured.
80 % of MIC isolates from odontogenic infection including Oral Streptococci was 0.39 μg/ml.
This antimicrobial agent is valued≥0.39 μg/ml in 95 cases out of 126 cases (75 %) from 135 minutes to 300 minutes after peroral administration.

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This study inestigates the distribution of fleroxacin (FLRX) in 23 patients after 3 hr, 4 hr, 6 hr, 12 hr, and 24 hr following the oral administration of 300 mg FLRX.
The peak concentrations in serum, gingiva and mandibular bone observed 6 hr after administration appeared to be 4.05 μg/ml, 8.13μg/g and 0.73 μg/g, respectively.
The ratio of concentration of FLRX gingiva and in mandibular bone to that in serum were 1.99±0.59 and 0.19±0.07 respectively.

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In order to find out the optimal dose of CN-100 in the field of dentistry, patients undergoing the extraction of the impacted mandibular wisdom tooth were subjected to a single-dose double blind comparative study of 80 mg and 160 mg. The results are hereafter reported.
1) The test drug was distributed to 173 patients, of whom 146 took the drug (72 cases in the 80 mg group and 74 in the 160 mg group) . Data from 143 cases (69 in the 80 mg group, 74 in the 160 mg group) were availed and subjected to the analysis for efficacy as well as the utility. Furthermore, the subjects for safety analysis in these cases have all taken the drug.
2) The attending doctors evaluated 49 cases (71.0 %) as “effective” or better in the 80 mg group and 69 cases (93.2 %) in the 160 mg group.
3) Adverse effects were observed in 3 cases in the 80 mg group. The symptoms included, “retching in the stomach”, “diarrhea” and “vertigo-postural syncope”. The global safety was rated as “safe” in 69 cases (95.8 %) in the 80 mg group and 74 cases (100 %) in the 160 mg group.
4) The utility was rated as “useful” or better in 50 cases (72.5 %) in the 80 mg group and 69 cases (93.2 %) in the 160 mg group.
5) In the Committee's evaluation, the global efficacy was rated as “effective” or better for 60 cases (87.0 %) in the 80 mg group and 72 cases (97.3 %) in the 160 mg group, and the utility was rated as “useful” or better in 69 cases (84.1 %) in the 80 mg group and 74 cases (97.3%) in the 160 mg group.
From the above results, a single dose of 160 mg is considered to be a rational dose of this drug in the treatment of pain after dental extraction. Furthermore, from the results of this study, it has been confirmed that, as an analgesic for the treatment of pain after dental extraction, this is a drug with excellent analgesic effect and safety.

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