A multi-center double-blind comparative study was conducted in order to evaluate the effectiveness, safety and usefulness of EB-382 (600 mg/day) as preventive treatment for postexodontic inflammation of mandibular impacted wisdom tooth, with flurbiprofen (120 mg/day) as the reference drug.
The results obtained were as follows:
1) The total number of patients were 324, 6 cases were excluded and the remaining 318 cases were evaluated, 162 cases were treated with EB-382 (EB) and 156 cases were treated with flurbiprofen (FP) .
2) Considering background parameters, there was no statistical significant difference between the two groups.
3) According to the doctor's judgement of the clinical efficacy, the rate of“excellent or good” was 75.5% with EB group and 75.2% with FP group. There was no significant difference between two groups.
4) Side effects were observed in 5 cases (3.1%) in EB group and 10 cases (6.4%) in FP group.
5) In the general utility rating, the rate of“extremely useful or useful”was 75.8% with EB group and 74.4% with FP group.
There was no significant difference between two groups.
The results indicate that administration of 600 mg/day EB-382 (in 3 divided dose) is safe and useful in the treatment of postexodontic inflammation.

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We reported a case in which paralysis of the left side of the lower lip and mandible occurred after using N2 as a root canal material. Some of the N2 had penetrated the mandibular canal. We succeedingly removed the N2 in the mandibular canal and after 50 days the patient reported complete recovery with occasional hyperesthesia.

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This study is on the effects of temperature, light and container type on the time course (1W, 2W, 3W, 1M, 2M, 3M) of the l-epirenamine reduction in local anesthetic agents. Lidocaine or prilocaine cartridge and lidocaine ampoule were prepared for this experiment. Assay of l-epirenamine was performed using electrochemical detector and high performance liquid chromatography. Loading conditions used in this experiment are as follows.
1) The levels of l-epirenamine had remained unchanged for three months, when kept in a refrigerator or a room regulated at 5+1°C or 23°C. Preservation at 30°C in an incubator, however, showed a decrease of 18% in three month. There was no difference in reduction rate between two kinds of containers.
2) The levels of l-epirenamine were remarkably decreased, when exposed to fluorescent or UV light in a room regulated at 23°C. Fluorescent light did not affect l-epirenamine levels in an ampoule but reduced those in a cartridge. UV light did not only decrease l-epirenamine levels in a cartridge but also in an ampoule.
3) When an ampoule, which was mixed with minced plunger gum and resealed with gassing nitrogen, was exposed to fluorescent light, the reduction rate of the l-epirenamine levels were the maximal compared with all other loading conditions. These results show that the following : High temperature, fluorescent or UV light caused reduction of l-epirenamine levels. l-epirenamine in ampoule is more stable than in cartridge. Heavy metal contained in plunger gum may catalyze l-epirenamine oxidation by light. The storage of the local anesthetic agents should be done in low temperature and in dark.

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A clinical evaluation of topical application of“LTA”was studied as a treatment for the symptoms of“acute pulpitis”and“acute apical periodontitis, ”and the questionary test for the patient who received the treatment on limited area of the oral cavity was carried out.
In this study, 33 patients (11 to 57 years old, 10 males and 23 females) participated for the recovery of symptoms, and 20 volunteered dental students participated for the questionary test.
The results can be summarized as follows:
1) 87.5% of“acute pulpitis”patients and 64.7% of“acute apical periodontitis”showed improvement of the symptoms (Table 6) .
2) “Cold reaction, ”“warm reaction”among different symptoms (“spontaneous pain”and“percussion pain”of“acute pulpitis, ”“cold reaction, ”“warm reaction”) symptoms showed best results, and“percussion pain”of“acute apical periodontitis”symptoms showed poor results (Tables 7 and 8) .
3) The onset of the improvement for“cold reaction”and“warm reaction”of“acute pulpitis”was obtained right after topical application (5-10 min) and the effect on the other symptoms of “acute pulpitis”and the symptoms of“acute apical periodontitis”was gradually obtained during 60 min (Tables 9 and 10) .
4) Side effect wasn't observed among all cases employed.
5) Some amount of the patients reply“something like taste” (95%), “odor” (75%), “palsy feeling on tongue” (65%), and“palsy feeling on buccal mucosa” (80%) when it was applied into oral cavity, but they didn't complain of discomfort feeling (Table 11) .
6) It is recommendable that tha usage of LTA is effective for clinically and is easily handled in family use.

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Among the drug therapy, given in dentistry, the use of analgesic anti-inflammatory drugs occupies a large share along with antibiotics.
According to a survey made by Yohkoh et al. in 1983, the consumption of analgesic anti-inflammatory drugs accounted for 27.8% of the total consumption of internal medicines, outstripping that of antibiotics which made up 23.4%.
We have investigated the kinds and shares of consumption of analgesic, analgesic anti-inflammatory drugs and anti-inflammatory enzymatic drugs according to the prescriptions issued by 17 private dental college hospitals throughout Japan between October 15th to 21st, 1984.
Of all the prescriptions, those including analgesic and analgesic anti-inflammatory drugs amounted to 48.9%. The prescriptions as written by item (each prescription) totalled 31.7% of all.
The prescriptions which included anti-inflammatory enzymatic drugs made up 9.1 %, where 84% of these anti-inflammatory enzymatic drugs were prescribed for concurrent use with antibiotics.
The drug most frequently used as an analgesic was Sedes G, followed by Aspirin preparations.
The drugs most frequently used among analgesic anti-inflammatory drugs were 2 kinds of 250 mg mefenamic acid capsules and diclofenac sodium tablets, making up as much as 38% of the total consumption during this study.
The drug most frequently used among anti-inflammatory enzyme preparations was seratio peptidase. The second most popular drug was the 30 mg tablet of lysozyme chloride preparation.
Though the development of analgesic anti-inflammatory preparations has decreased recently, the trends now show that characteristic drugs are introduced to the maket in succession.
Careful consideration, therefore, is essential to the selection of these preparation.

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