The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of mexazolam when used as a premedication for oral administration. Patients (ASA I-II) were given elective oral surgery under general anesthesia or intravenous sedation, and mexazolam was used in a double blind test with diazepam and an inert placebo.
Psychoneurological symptoms such as anxiety, sleeplessness and so on, were determined by questionnaires, and physical symptoms such as blood pressure, pulse rate and respiratory rate, were checked.
Doses were administered to the 4 groups as follows : 2 or 3 mg to the mexazolam group and 10 mg to the diazepam and placebo group. These doses were administered at 9 o'clock the night before the operation and again 2.5 h prior to induction. Those patients scheduled for afternoon operations were also given doses 6.5 h before induction. The results were as follows
1) In the doses administered, the sedative effects of mexazolam were the same as those of diazepam.
2) The administered dosage of mexazolam tended to have a longer lasting effect than diazepam.
3) The patients to whom mexazolam was administered showed no significant changes in physical symptoms.
4) A dose of 3 mg of mexazolam as a premedication was shown to be more effective than 2 mg.
These results suggested that mexazolam could be used effectively as a premedication.

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A single blind study was conducted to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of floctafenine (400 mg), in comparison with mefenamic acid (500 mg) on postexodontic pain. The results obtained were as follows:
1) Of the total of 41 cases analyzed, 22 cases were treated with floctafenine (I group) and 19 cases were treated with mefenamic acid (P group) .
2) There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups for the background parameters considered.
3) According to both the doctor's and the patient's judgement of the pain improvement rating, there was no significant difference between the two groups.
4) According to a numerical judgement of the pain improvement rating, the I group was significantly superior to the P group (p<0.05) . However, according to this judgement, there was no significant difference between the two groups in time until the appearance of effect and duration of successive effect after administration.
5) One case of side effects was reported in each of the I and P groups.
6) In the overall clinical evaluation rating, the I group was superior to the P group on the ratio rated“markedly useful” (p<0.05) .
These results indicate that the administration of 400 mg floctafenine is useful for post-exodontic pain.

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Recently, erysipelas has become a rare disease because of the development of antibiotics.
A case of facial erysipelas which occurred during observation of a patient with cured maxillary malignant tumour was presented. The erysipelas occurred as an acute edematous inflammation around the ears with high body temperature and rapidly enlargement in the skin of the face and the neck. It was treated by intravenous and peroral antibiotic therapy for four weeks. Now, it has been absent for 14 months and has not recurred.

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Nutrition plays an important role in the course of pre and postoperative management in oral surgery. In this study, on the occurrence rate and movement of the enteric bacteria in enteral nutrition was investigated. The nutritive agents used were Besvion^®, which includes medium chain triglyceride instead of lipid. The subjects were 30 cases hospitalized in our clinic. The most frequent reason for hospitalization was fractures (14/30), next was tumors (8/30) . The occurrence rate of diarrhea was 7/30 (23.3%) and identified enteric bacteria were as follows: Enterobacter cloacae, Enterococcus, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Serratia, Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella pneumoniae. It was therefore thought that there was no relationship between movement in enteric bacteria and occasion of diarrhea. It was also concluded that Besvion^® was one of the best nutritive agents for case management in oral surgery.

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In the present study, we have measured the blood and saliva level of Ofloxacin after a single administration of Ofloxacin (200 mg) in the same volunteer with a fourth crossover test. In the comparison of parameters in the four trials, there are no differences.
Saliva penetration is similar to that of the blood level, so the former is utilized as drug monitoring of the latter.

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The clinical effects of three kinds of new type macrolide antibiotics were examined in 86 cases of acute oral and maxillary infection, and the following results were obtained;
1) Clinical efficacy of the three kinds of new type macrolide antibiotics (acetyl-Midecamycin, Rokitamycin and RU-28965) was 87.0%.
2) Medication term was three days (the shortest) to ten days (the longest) and the mean 4.6 days.
3) Adverse reactions were observed in only 2 patients (3.2%), but thus the drug rushes were not serious and soon disappeared. Abnormal changes in the results of clinical examinations were not found in any cases.

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Benzydamine hydrochloride gargle (NIK-237) was used for 20 patients aged from 11 to 78 years old who had suffered from painful disease of oral mucosa and postoperative pain during 6 months from October 1982 to April 1983.
The results were as follows:
1) NIK-237 was felt very fresh and tasty for almost all patients.
2) Analgesic effect was recognized in ten postoperative pain cases with in 30 minutes of the administration.
3) The clinical usefulness was recognized in 19 cases (95.0%) .
4) Analgesic effect was recognized more evidently than anti-inflammatory effect.
5) No adverse effect or side effect was observed.
In conclusion, NIK-237 was considered to be effective for painful disease of oral mucosa and postoperative pain.

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The pluripotent action of kinins has recently become a major topic in the control of oral circulation. In fact, the action of kinins is not consistent in studies performed on isolated blood vessels and whole animals. Depending on the species and anatomical origin of the blood vessels, application of bradykinin (BK) may elicit relaxation, contraction, or no respose at all. This review takes up the following subjects for discussion : vascular response, relation of endothelial cells as mediators, the high potential receptor and the role of a de novo B₁-receptor formation to kinins. The nature and role of kinins in the regulation of oral vascular tone and hemodynamics have gradually become clear.
1) Kinins may play an important role in regulating the system of microcirculatory hemodynamics in oral tissue and in the genesis of circulatory auto-regulation and reactive hyperemia, and prostaglandins (PGs) -synthesis may be partly concerned in the BK action.
2) Kinins exert their biological actions by activating two receptor systems (the B₁-and B₂-receptors) .
3) The vasodilatory response to kinins is an indirect effect mediated by releases of PGs, leukotrienes, and the endothelium derived relaxing factor (EDRF) from endothelium. Further, kinins produce endothelium-dependent or -independent vasoconstriction.
4) The B₁-receptor seems to be silent in vivo, but it can be activated in vivo by noxious stimuli (e.g. LPS) . The activation appears to be the result of de novo formation of a B₁-receptor.
Kinins and their metabolites (des-Arg⁹-BK and des-Arg¹⁰-kallidin) may participate in the initiation of physiological and pathological vessel wall response.

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Since the publishing of Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology (1986), we have followed that manual's classification of the genus Streptococcus.
Genus Streptococcus were divided into the following list.
1) Pyogenic Hemolytic Streptococci
2) Oral Streptococci
3) Enterococci
4) Lactic Acid Streptococci
5) Anaerobic Streptococci

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