Midecamycin acetate dry syrup was administered to 21 patients with oral and maxillofacial infections and the following results were obtained.
1) The overall clinical effectiveness rate was 90.5% on the basis of judgement by the ratio method, and 95.2% as judged by the physicians in charge.
2) No side effects were observed in any cases.
3) A slight increase in BUN was observed in one case, but the value returned to normal without treatment.
4) The overall clinical usefulness rate was found to be 95.2%.
From the above results, it is concluded that Midecamycin acetate dry syrup is a useful antibiotic for the treatment of oral and maxillofacial infections.

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The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, Amfenac sodium (Fenazox^®, 1 capsule 50 mg) was administered to 118 cases at pain time after exodontias and minor operations at our clinic between December, 1986 and May, 1987.
Out of 118 cases, 61 were able to be evaluated. We classified the 61 cases into 4 groups, i.e. Group 1; usual exodontias, Group 2 ; surgical exodontias (underwent bone cutting), Group 3 ; operations on soft tissue, Group 4 ; operation on hard tissue.
The analgesic effects were evaluated with estimation by the patients using selt-checking cards and by the doctors. The following results were obtained :
1) In 43 cases (70%), analgesic effects appeared within 30 min after receiving 1 capsule of Amfenac sodium, and in 58 cases (95%) within 1 h.
2) Transition of the degree of pain for each group are displayed in Figs. 2-5. These figures show that the analgesic effect appeared about 30 min after administration and lasted for 3-4h.
3) Total effects were classified into 4 grades, “excellent” in 38 cases (62%), “effective” in 12 cases (20%), “slightly effective” in 10 cases (16%), and “non-effective” in 1 case (2%) .
4) Side effects were recorded in 4 cases (7%), but they were mild and disappeared soon without any treatment.
5) Total usefulness was classified into 5 grades, “highly useful” in 36 cases (59%), “useful” in 13 cases (21%), “slightly useful” in 11 cases (18%), “not useful” in 1 case (2%), and “worse” in no cases.
According to the results, the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, Amfenac sodium (Fenazox^®) was effective for pain after exodontias and minor operations and was also safe and useful. It is worth noting that the analgesic effect appeared rapidly.

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Fundamental and clinical studies on MOM were conducted in the field of oral surgery, and the following results were obtained.
1) The antibacterial activity of MOM was similar to josamycin against gram-positive bacteria.
2) Maximum concentrations of MOM after administration of 400 mg in fasting healthy volunteers were 8.61 μg/ml in serum at 30 min, and 3.18 μg/ml in saliva at 30 min.
3) MOM was administered to 7 patients with oral surgery infections, and the therapeutic efficacy was rated as excellent in 2 patients, good in 4, poor in 1, with the overall effectiveness rate being 86%. No side effects were observed in any cases.
From the above results, it is feasible that MOM may be positively used for the treatment of oral surgery infections or for the prevention of postoperative infections in the field of oral surgery.

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The blood concentrations of BMY-28100 were compared by a cross-over test in 10 healthy volunteers who were given peroral administration of 250 mg of this agent in a fasting state and after a meal.
The mean blood concentration formed a peak (T_max), demonstrating almost the same values for peak formation. C_max for administration with fasting was approximately 1.4 times higher. The half-life (T_1/2) was approximately 7.2 min shorter for administration with fasting. The areas under the simulation curves (AUC) for administration with fasting were 1.35 times larger than after a meal.
BMY-28100 appears to be a drug which is nct susceptible to the effects of a meal.

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A clinical study was performed to examine the anti-inflammatory efficacy, safety and usefulness of Leftose^®, an anti-inflammatory enzyme, on postoperative cases of oral and maxillo-facial surgery at our department from February to May, 1986. In this study, Leftose was administered to 44 ambulatory patients (27 males and 17 females) . Their age range was 10 to 77 years old. All cases were divided into two groups according to the operation method. Group A underwent hard tissue surgery, such as teeth extraction, and Group B soft tissue surgery, tumor excision or others. Patients were administered Leftose (100 mg, three times a day) after surgery for three to seven days. The results obtained are as follows.
1) According to the clinical efficacy, the ratio of “good or better” was 58.3% with Group A and 90% with Group B. In all cases, the efficacy rate was 72.8%.
2) Side effects were not observed in any cases.
3) For the general utility rating, the ratio of useful or better was 72.8%.
The results of the study indicate that Leftose is a safe and useful anti-inflammatory agent for controlling postoperative inflammation in ambulatory cases of oral and maxillofacial surgery.

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TE-031 is a peroral macrolides antimicrobial agent. This drug belongs to a group of new macrolides which are synthesized from Erythromycin. In vitro, the susceptibility of microorganisms to this drug is the same as Erythromycin, however, it exhibits superior distribution to tissues as well as superior for urinary excretion.
In this study, the blood and saliva concentrations of TE-031 were compared by a crossover test in 10 healthy volunteers who were perorally given 150 mg of this drug while fasting and after a meal.
The distributions of the blood and saliva concentrations show similar patterns for fasting and after a meal. It is suggested that TE-031 is little influenced by food.

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The purpose of this research was to explain the pharmacological significance of PRONES-PASTA by combining three local anesthetics. As a result, the following were determined by testing its anesthetic effect on guinea pig cornea.
1) Benzocaine demonstrated an immediate anesthetic effect when used after being dissolved in a hydrophilic vehicle containing polyethyleneglycol 4000 and propyleneglycol. However, its durability of action was found to be short, and its strength only about one fifth as great as that of tetracaine and dibucaine. Tetracaine showed a strong anesthetic effect with comparatively long durability. Dibucaine showed a strong, quick effect and long durability.
2) The relative toxicities of the local anesthetics tested calculated from the intraperitoneal LD₅₀ value were 1 : 3.6 : 10; for benzocaine, tetracaine and dibucaine, respectively.
The conclusions are as follows; PRONES-PASTA, the ingredients of which consist of low toxicity benzocaine in a large amount, tetracaine of high strength but small in amount, and dibucaine with a long activity but a small amount, proved to be efficient from the view points of appearance, effect, durability of anesthetic action and toxicity.

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Topical anesthesia prior to dental treatment has recently been the focus of attention. In this study the effectiveness of“Pronespasta”in dental treatments, such as local anesthesia, scaling and root planing, were examined and compared with xylocaine pasta.
The results are as follows.
1) Pronespasta was effective in 83.3% of root planing, 100% of scaling and 75% of local anesthesia cases.
2) The onset time for Pronespasta was 2′30″, and the average duration time was 9′49″.
3) It was observed that Pronespasta had an anti-bacterial effect at low doses.
4) No side effects were found.
These results indicate that Pronespasta is a useful topical anesthesia for dental treatment.

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A clinical study of Cefmenoxime (SCE-1365), used for postoperative chemoprophylaxis, was conducted in 12 patients with oral cancer. Surgery consisted of mainly radical resection, radical neck dissection and simultaneous reconstruction; trachostomy and blood transfusion were also performed in 5 patients each. In contrast to the use of antibiotics in treating nonspecific infections, difficulty existed for evaluating the clinical efficacy of Cefmenoxime; however, our results confirmed its clinical usefulness in 9 patients and its safety in all 12 patients.

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The purpose of this study was to understand the therapeutic effect and antibiotic pus transfer under the set conditions of an experimental buccal abscess model.
[Methods]
Male Wistar strain rats weighing about 300g were used. For the inoculation with bacteria strains of Streptococcus pyogenes S-8 were employed. S. pyogenes was cultured in trypto-soy broth for 18 h at 37°C and prepared 10⁷ at CFU/ml. A bacterial inoculation fluid containing 0.1 mg/ml of Epinephrine (Epi) and 1% Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) of which 0.1 to 1 ml was intracutaneously injected into the buccal area, was prepared. Comparative observations with the control group which did not receive Epi or CMC were made.
After formation of the abscess, the antibiotic Cefoperazone (CPZ) at 40 mg/kg were intraperitoneally injected. By using the bioassay method, the serum pus concentrations at 15 and 30 min, and at 1, 2 and 4 h intervals after administration were determined. The determined values underwent pharmacokinetic analysis based on a one or two compartment open model and various coefficients were found. Also, at 2, 4, 24 and 48 h intervals, the number of living bacteria was determined.
An in vitro model system was set up to simulate the pus concentration, and the number of living bacteria were determined up to the fourth hour.
[Results]
The abscess formation reached a peak 24 h after inoculation of the bacteria. In the 0.1 mg/ml Epi and the 1% CMC groups, 0.5 ml was the appropriate amount of inoculated bacteria. By the 24th h following inoculation of the bacteria, CPZ was intraperitoneally administered and 15 min later it reached the peak value of 41.20μg/ml. Thereafter, it decreased rapidly until by the time of the fourth hour it was below the level of measurability. The peak value for pus was seen after 30 min (19μg/g) . After 15 min, this value was 18μg/g, after 1 h 9.81 μg/g, after 2 h 5.70μg/g and after 4 h 3.19μg/g. Between the blood serum and the pus a value based on the actual measurement having a correlation of Y=4.17+0.36 X (r=0.98) was found.
In order to study the therapeutic effect of the drug, the number of live bacteria within the pus was determined. It matched well with the bactericidal effect which was studied for comparison with a simulated in vitro model of the pus concentrations.

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