The purpose of this study is to clarify the influence of section specifications and ventilator on the reduction of transmitted heavy-weight floor impact sound of the floating floor. As results, the floor impact sound pressure level decrease might become large in the case with not installing the ventilator. The frequency characteristics of the sound pressure level in the air layer are changed by the presence of the ventilator. Moreover, it was clarified to have to consider both the impact force from supporting legs and a sound pressure from the air layer.

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In this study, effects on evaluation for townscape by accent color were examined by using simulation models quantitatively. Simulation models were prepared for 18 base colors which were combined on Hue, Value, and Chrome, 4 accent colors and 5 composition ratios painted by accent color. Participants evaluated the 360 simulations by scales of prominence, harmony, and vigor for scenery. Results of this study were as follows: 1) Large accent color, chrome of base color and warm accent color had strong effects on prominence. 2) Value of base color and chrome of base color had strong effects on harmony. 3) Value of base color, hue of accent color and large accent color had strong effects on vigor. From these findings, these effects should be taken into consideration in color guideline for townscape.

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For designing a visual environment where the visibility is secured, it is important to estimate the adaptation luminance under the visual field with complicated luminance distribution. Therefore, in this paper, we investigate whether the increase of adaptation luminance differs depending on azimuth angle of glare sources in the visual field between young people and elderly people.
Under the various patterns of glare sources' arrangement over the whole visual field, the luminance difference threshold of each subject is measured for the increase of adaptation luminance. These results confirm that the increase of adaptation luminance has directionality, and the tendency is different between young people and elderly people.

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The hearing impaired might not be able to notice the emergency only by the information transmission using the sound.The method of passing on the emergency and the content of the event is a little though there is a visual sign for the evacuation conduct. This research proposed, and examined the technique for transmitting the emergency by blinking the ceiling area lighting. As for the equipment of an existing point light type, the subjects of 90 percent did not notice blinking. On the other hand, all subjects noticed in a few seconds when the ceiling area lighting blinked. This technique can impart information to the person in the broad area efficiently. And, It was difficult for the experiment that compared the difference of blinking at intervals to recognize each one accurately, and there were a lot of mistakes in the old subjects.

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A survey by web questionnaires on colors concerning a floor, a wall, a ceiling, furniture, and durables in a living room of a house in urban areas was conducted to evaluate actual conditions. A survey on glare in the living room was also conducted.
The results are stated as follows.
1) As for the wall and the ceiling, white or off-white colors are the majority in these fifteen years. While colors of the floor are diverse.
2) This whitening trend of the wall and the ceiling affects the glare of light in the living room.
3) Especially older people and people who live on the upper floor of the building feel glaring the room.
4) As for furniture and durables, air conditioning equipment is mostly white. While a table was mostly brown.

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This paper proposes a new method for evaluating the quantity of water resources considering architectural planning. The conventional evaluation method was only applicable to the quantity of water resources in local areas. We estimated quantities of water resources for a building. The quantity of water resources in the case of a building installed a rainfall infiltration facilities and rainwater use equipments is 1.4 times larger than that in the case of vacant lot. It suggests that it is effective to keep the water resources for a building provided that both rainwater infiltration facilities and rain water use equipment are installed.

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It is vitally important to develop a space cooling system which realize the both of low exergy consumption and thermal comfort in hot and humid area. So the purpose of this paper is to grasp the relationship between the effect of indoor climate controlling and the spec and the operation condition of the housing panel cooling with cooling tower assisted by passive strategies. Followings were found by a numerical analysis at the the AIJ standard model of wooden house. The spec and the operation in the case that the lowest room air temperature is realized is the combination of the cooling panels position on the floor and the ceiling, thermal storage parts in whole walls, the running time of the panel cooling from 11:00 to 14:00 and from 16:00 to 19:00,ventilation time from 16:00 to 8:00 and so on.

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This study aims to develop a new drifting snow model that solves two transport equations of drifting snow densities of the snow particles falling from the sky and those coming from the ground surface. Because the shape of snow particles falling from the sky is completely different from that of snow particles lifted up from the snow surface which are broken apart by repeated collision with the surface. CFD prediction of snowdrift around a cubic shaped building model using the developed new model was carried out and its accuracy was examined based on the comparison with field measurement conducted by Oikawa et al. Furthermore, the mechanism of snowdrift formation around the building model was clarified by estimating the contribution ratio of the snow particles from the air and those from the surface to snow coverage distribution.

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In the paper, the COMIS-LDSM program was developed that the COMIS code was revised to calculate the discharge coefficients and airflow rates at inflow and outflow openings for arbitrary wind direction. Wind tunnel experiments were performed to validate the prediction accuracy of ventilation flow rates using the COMIS-LDSM and the conventional method. The conventional method overestimated the ventilation flow rates compared to those by COMIS-LDSM, especially when the approaching flow was not normal to the upwind openings. The simulation study was also carried out to calculate ventilation flow rates at a typical detached house in Tokyo in the intermediate season. The cumulative air change rates in the detached house calculated by COMIS-LDSM were predicted by reduction of 4% compared with the conventional method.

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The summary of this report is shown as follows.
These studies aim at development of a low flow circulation (LF) ground source heat pump (GSHP) multi-split system in order to reduce energy consumption of circulation pumps in the GSHP system. This system applies low flow circulation system in primary side and multi-split system in secondary side. This paper contributes Part 1 in the series of these studies. First, the system concept and development planning are introduced. Then verification test of operation reliability of a water source multi-split heat pump were carried out in the manufacturing factory. As the result, the authors confirmed heating operation reliability of the heat pump even on conditions of inlet temperature of 10°C and low flow circulation in primary side of 30 L/min. In addition, field test apparatus of the LF-GSHP system were constructed to investigate the optimum circulation flow rate of the LF-GSHP system and demonstrate the effect of reduction of circulation pumps' electric power consumption. When the cooling output is around 14 kW, the maximum SCOP of 5.31 is obtained on the condition that the flow rate is 30 L/min. On the other hand, the flow rate condition of 96 L/min provides the highest SCOP value of 3.78 in case where the cooling output is around 24-28 kW. These suggest that variable water volume (VWV) control of the circulation pump can reduce circulation pumps' electric power consumption the most.

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1. This study has carried out a cost benefits analysis for each stakeholder in an attempt to develop low-carbon communities and cities by implementing regional cogeneration systems and leasing photovoltaic systems to commercial buildings.
2. As a result, the economic benefits for energy service provider acting as an investor have been proved when non-energy benefits (NEBs) are accounted. In addition, numerous benefits to stakeholders other than investor have been proved. Also, subsidies by public sector (National, Local Government) will increase the economic efficiency for energy service provider (investor).
3. Since building owners and building users will gain NEBs such as of increase in real estate value, risk reduction (contribution of business and living continuity plan (BLCP), regulatory compliance etc) and maintenance cost reduction, possibility for redistribution of NEBs to the energy service provider (investor) in the form of service charge (rent, energy expense etc) have also been considered.

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With the rapid development of the distributed energy resource (DER) technology, the DER systems have been utilized gradually in the buildings with the different functions. Compared with the traditional central energy supply, it has many benefits, including the energy-saving, economy, environmental protection. However, there are complex interrelationships among these factors: mutual promotion, maybe mutual restraint. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss how to balance these factors in the integration stage of DER system. In this paper, a multi-objective linear programming model (MLPM) for DER system has been developed to optimize these objectives simultaneously to the certain constraints. The simplex algorithms is employed to search the solution quickly and effective. Meanwhile, the capacities and operational strategies of the DER equipments and the heating -source equipments also can be selected according to the trade-off analysis method. This model is helpful to bring the DER system to the full potential by the rational planning under the premise satisfying the various requirements. In addition, a case study is presented to verify the effectiveness of the multi-objective optimal method from the different evaluation criterions.

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Daily electricity load curves of buildings in Osaka University campus are analyzed. By classifying university facilities into three categories according to kind of departments, energy consumption characteristic of each category becomes clear. Moreover, it turned out that the apparatus which is working for 24 hours occupies most part of annual power consumption and peak demand power in the University.

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This study aims to develop a new environmental education program as part of formal primary education in Malaysia. The program involves various place-based outdoor learning activities such as scientific field measurement. As the first attempt, a pilot project comprising three workshops on neighborhood greening was conducted with about 50 elementary school children in one of the typical neighborhoods in the city of Johor Bahru, Malaysia, followed by a tree-planting program. Almost all the children continued to participate in all the workshops with very high satisfaction levels as well as high levels of understanding. The improvements were seen in most of the items on children's environmental interests, activities and intentions. It was implied that the place-based outdoor learning activities including the scientific measurement improved their interests particularly in terms of the invisible environmental issues.

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This paper mainly presented the general evaluation method of heat interchanging system among buildings (HISAB), selecting Yokohama City as the research area to make the city scale case study. Firstly the research meshed the building data by 250m using GIS (Geographic Information System) and calculated heat consumption per 250m mesh. Then whole city was classified by hourly energy consumption fluctuation into 5 districts, A, B, C, D and E. Then the districts which density of heat consumption are over 4.2 TJ/ha were picked out. And several samples of each district were selected out to do energy consumption simulation of HISAB between two buildings, and the energy saving reduction rate and CO₂ emission reduction rate were calculated. The simulation separated into 3 cases, case of current, case of equipment replacement and case of equipment replacement & CGS (Co-generation system) introduction. Finally combined rates of implementing possibility and rates of central heat supply system in each mesh, we grasped the total amounts/rates of energy saving reduction and CO₂ emission reduction for the whole Yokohama City of each case if the HISAB was implemented into the whole city where there is possibility.

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The authors propose the suitable way of simulation with the MPS method when run-up tsunami acts on architecture in this paper.
1. The MPS method that is semi implicit method costs a lot of computational time. For this reason, to use the wave maker with the functionality of inflow-outflow for decreasing particle number lead to high-speed simulation.
2. In the MPS method, detection accuracy of free surface is low. and it leads to pressure oscillation. The new way focusing on continuity of free-surface-particles is able to improve the accuracy of detecting free surface, and to reduce pressure oscillation.
3. The authors reproduce Tsunami acting on an architecture with the tank experiment and the MPS method with the new way developed and the proposed method, and compare tsunami pressure acting on the front of it. As a result, the MPS method is able to simulate Tsunami acting on architecture including the impulsive pressure.

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