A method was proposed for the gas-liquid chromatographic determination of aldrin in insecticidal dusts. The aldrin was extracted with acetone from sample and was analysed adding dibutyl phthalate as an internal standard in a gas chromatograph with thermal conductivity detection, using helium as the carrier gas, the flow rate of which was maintained at 70 ml per minute. The used column contained 20 weight % silicone high vacuum grease as a stationary phase on a support of Celite 545 and the column temperature was maintained at 225°C.The relative retention lvolume of aldrin against dibutyl phthalate was 1.33. The standard deviation and the average recovery of the proposed method were respectively 0.04 and 96.8% in a prepared dust (containing 3.8% aldrin).

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The properties of an unknown substance which is contained in Japanese radish leaf (Raphanus sativus L. var. acanthiformis Makino) and protects sweet potato β-amylase against heat inactivation, were investigated. The substance was extractable from dried leaves with hydrophilic solvents, but not with hydrophobic ones, lost the protective effect by hydrolysis with acid or alkali at high temperature, and appeared to be of a small molecule; its combination with the enzyme was reversible. And the substance was adsorbed by Japanese acid clay in acid medium and was eluted in weak alkaline one, but it was precipitated with phosphotungstic acid. Most of impurities were eliminated from this substance by gel-filtration with Sephadex. This partially purified sample protected sweet potato β-amylase against the inactivation by acid, alkali and sodium laurylsulfate as well as by heat, but not against that by urea md alcohol. On the other hand, it failed to protect malt β-, gluc-, Taka α- and bacterial. α-amylases, bacterial proteinase and papain against heat inactivation under the experimental conditions tested.

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The mode of activation of protyrosinase prepared from prepupae of the housefly, Musca domestica vicina Maquart by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), was studied by measuring the occurrence of tyrosinase activity over wide ranges of SDS concentrations, pH values and temperatures, either manometrically or colorimetrically. With respect to the effect of SDS concentration upon the activation of protyrosinase, it was found that there was a certain range of ratios between the concentration of SDS and that of protyrosinase which is effective for the activation. It was observed that a narrow pH range between 7 and 8 is effective for the activation. Studies of the effect of temperature on the activation indicate that the activation occurs preferentially over a limited range of temperatures. Thus, effective activation evidently occurs only with the specific experimental conditions mentioned above. These conditions suggest that a limited conformational change in the protyrosinase molecule results in the formation of tyrosinase. Precise observance of experimental conditions is required for complete activation of protyrosinase with SDS.

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Detection of phenolic compounds in beet sugar molasses was carried out by paper chromatography. Some of the phenolic compounds were identified with catechol, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, melilotic acid, salicylic acid, syringic acid, vanillin and vanillic acid and three other phenolic compounds were detected though they have not been identified.

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A bacterial strain, HN-56, having an activity of D-glucose isomerization was isolated from soil, and was identified to be similar to Aerobacter aerogenes (Kruse) Beijerink. D-Glucoseisomerizing activity was induced when HN-56 was precultured in the media containing D-xylose, D-mannose, lactate, especially D-mannitol. Paper chromatography showed that the ketose formed in reaction system containing D-glucose was D-fructose alone. The optimum pH for the reaction was 6.5-7.0. Sulfhydryl reagents inhibit the reaction, but metal inhibitors affect little if any. With the washed living cells as enzyme source, only arsenate could accumulate D-fructose. In addition, the cells grown with D-mannitol and D-mannose showed no activity of D-xylose isomerase.

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The combined effects of radiations and halogenophenols were investigated. The activities of these reagents to increase the radiolethality during irradiation were demonstrated with E. coli and Z. soya. Some relationships between chemical structure and activity were revealed as follows at pH 6 and 8:(1) effectiveness of substituted halogen was in the order of I>Br>Cl;(2) effectiveness of the monosubstituting position on a benzene ring of halogenophenols was increased in the order of p->m->o-;(3) effectiveness increased with increasing the number of halogen atom. The halogenophenol action was also found to be considerably pH-dependent. In the case of chlorinated derivatives, the synergistic activity to increase the radiolethality was intensified on the acidic side, though bromides and iodides were more effective on the basic side.

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Data concerning synergistic actions of halogenophenols to increase the radiation lethal effect on E. coli are presented in succession of the preceding paper. The synergistic actions of these reagents were greatly depressed by the addition of certain organic materials or freezing during irradiation. These results suggest that indirect actions of ionizing radiations may play an important role in the halogenophenol actions. After-effects of the irradiated reagents were also observed and the magnitude of significance of the after-effect appeared to be varied with difference in chemical structures of halognophenols. Some discussions concerning their mode of action and mechanism of the enhancement were made. It was postulated that their synergistic effects during irradiation may due to the actions of short-life free radicals and long-life species produced by the radiolysis of halogenophenol and also to some radiation damages within cells.

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The inhibition of chlorophenol analogues on oxidative phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria was studied using polarographic technique and some new findings that not only pentachlorophenol (PCP) but also other analogues inhibited the oxidative phoshorylation in a similar manner were made. The inhibitory activity was found to be roughly correlated with its dissociation constant of the inhibitor, PCP being the strongest, varying with the number and position of chlorine atoms in the molecule. The mode of the inhibition was classified into three types and discussed in detail.

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Pure (±) and (+)-trans-pyrethric acids, which are acidic components of rethrin II, were first synthesizcd respectivcly from (±) and (+)-trans-chrysanthcmic acids.

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Separation of pure (+)-trans-pyrethric acid (III) and pure methyl (+)-trans-2, 2-dimethy1-3-(2'-carboxy-1'-propeny1)-cyclopropanecarboxylate (II) from alkaline half hydrolysis product of dimethyl (+)-trans-chrysanthemumdicarboxylate was described.

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For the purpose of distinguihsing sumithion from methylparathion in the mammalian metabolism, phosphorus³² labeled compounds were administered to Guinea pig and white rat. Both compounds were found to be absorbed readily, and phosphorus containing metabolites excreted chiefly into urine. By chromatographic separation and identification of the metabolites, the decomposition of sumithion was observed to proceed presumably more easily than methylparathion. From these results lower toxicity of the former toward mammals than the latter was discussed. In addition, compounds remaining in rice plant and German cockroach were also analysed.

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It is well known that a good many microorganisms can utilize hydrocarbons as a sole carbon source. We have as yt little information, however, as to what kinds of intermediate or end products are produced by the microbial dissimilation of hydrocarbons. Above all, the formation of amino acids from hydrocarbons has not been reported. We have isolated many strains of microorganisms from soil samples by selective culture techniques in a medium containing kerosene and mineral salts, in order to examine if the products of economical value such as amino acids, organic acids, fatty acids, steroids, nucleic acids and their related compounds, can be produced by those microorganisms. Shaking cultures of those microorganisms were carried out in the medium containing 3.5% kerosene, 3.5% liquid paraffin and mineral salts (K₂HPO₄ 0.25%; MgSO₄·7H₂O 0.1%; NH₄NO₃ 0.5% or urea 0.3%); we found that 55 strains out of 127 strains tested produced amino acids in their broths, after 4 days cultivation at 26.5°C. The kinds and maximum yielcls of amino acids wcre as follows: alalline 50mg/l, lysinc 23.9mg/l, and valine 38mg/l.

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