The essential oils from fresh and stored tea leaves at low temperature were examined by means of gas liquid partition chromatography, and it was found that cis-βγ-hexenyla-cetate, and the fraction containing alcohols and carbonyl compounds of short retention time decreased while some unknown compounds increased during storage. However, the decrease of cis-βγ-hexenol was little during storage.
In order to know more detail of these changes, a relative quantitative analysis of the major components of the essential oil from fresh and stored leaves was carried out.

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The aqueous solutions of 2-alkyl-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acids and mercaptals of L-cysteine were exposed to sunlight in the presence of a small amount of riboflavin. Hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, carbon dioxide and carbonyl compounds were the photolysis products.
As for the carbonyl compounds, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were identified from thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid and djenkolic acid, acetaldehyde from 2-methyl-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid and L-cysteine-mercaptal of acetaldehyde, and acetaldehyde and n-butyraldehyde from 2-n-propyl-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid and L-cysteine-mercaptal of n-butyraldehyde.

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A study was made of the enzymic oxidation of various flavanols, alone or in combi-nation of them. The results confirmed that the oxidation of mixtures containing the catechol flavanols and(_??_)-epigallocatechin developed remarkable red colors. In addition to the current information some other courses producing the theaflavin-like substance were found. Furthermore it was suggested that there exist several kinds of substance occupying the similar position on the chromatogram as spot Y of Roberts.

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The production of gibberellin A₇ by Gibberella fujikuroi was studied by using newly devised assay method. Gibberellin A₇ increased at preferable temperature range between 32°C and 34°C at the controlled pH(6.0_??_7.5). The improved isolation process by using column chromatography composed of granular charcoal was found to be extremely con-venient, because of its quick elution with satisfactory separation from gibberellic acid which is always accompanied by gibberellin A₇ in culture medium.

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Many strains of the hydrocabon-utilizing yeasts were isolated from various kinds of natural sources by accumulation culture.
Among those yeasts, two strains, S315Y1 and S131Y1, which were identified with Candida tropilcais, assimilated hydrocarbons abundantly. As for type cultures, it was found that many strains of them could utilize hydrocarbons too, especially the strains which belonged to Genus Candida. However, as regards to the ability in utilizing hydrocarbons, no yeast from type culture collections utilized hydrocarbons better than the yeasts newly isolated from nature. Addition of the natural nutrients such as corn steep liquor to the cultural broth of Strain S315Y1 showed no effect on the production of yeast cells.
The yeast Strain S315Y1 assimilated the higher boiling points fraction of n-paraffins in comparison with the hydrocarbon-utilizing bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa S7Bl, which had been reported by the authors. Ribonucleic acid contents of dried cells of the yeast Strain S315Y1 and Sl3lY1 were 5.3 and 4.4% respectively by Schmidt-Thannhauser-Schneider method.

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The neutral fraction of the essential oil from freshly plucked tea-leaves was submitted to gas chromatography and the eluted components condensed in the capillary traps. The components were identified by the retention times, the odor as well as by infrared spectra, elementary analyses and preparation of derivatives. Among fourty two components, three isomers of linalooloxide and cis-jasmone were newly identified and the presence of acetates of trans- and cis-3-hexen-1-ol was presumed.

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A protease was isolated from the alimentary canal of crickets. This cricket protease was purified by ammonium sulfate, rivanol and acetone fractionations, and DEAE-cellulose and CM-cellulose (Ca-form) column chromatographies. The optimum temperature was 50°C and the optimum pH was 8.0. For preservation, the enzyme was most stable at pH 3.0. Aluminum had the best stabilizing action with no drops of enzyme activity after 24 hours of dialysis. The cricket protease was specific for the synthetic substrate, α-benzoyl-L-arginine amide. Cricket protease had a Km 10³ of 2.8 which is similar to that of trypsin, 1.2. The Ea was 3, 770 while that of trypsin was 14, 960 using α-benzoyl-L-arginine amide as the substrate. Although cricket protease has the same substrate specificity and similar optimum pH and pH-stability as trypsin, it differed in metal requirements to obtain activity. Certain metals are essential for cricket protease activity.

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Pyridoxine-P and pyridoxamine-P oxidase in the extract of Alcaligenes faecalis was purified and some properties of the enzyme were investigated. Several lines of evidence indicated that both pyridoxine-P oxidation and pyridoxamine-P oxidative deamination were catalyzed with a single enzyme. The enzyme is a flavoprotein, and the treatment of the enzyme with acid ammonium sulfate resolved the enzyme into apo- and coenzyme. Flavin mononucleotide reactivated the apoenzyme for the oxidation of both substrates. Physiological role of the pyridoxine-P and pyridoxamine-P oxidase was suggested in relation to the transformation of vitamin B₆ in microorganisms.

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An excellent synthetic method of maltol from kojic acid has been established. By Mannich reaction with formaldehyde and dimethylamine, comenic acid gave the mono-Mannich derivative which was reduced to 6-methyl comenic acid. The acid was converted to maltol in good yield by decarboxylation with copper powder or KC-400 (tetra-chloro-diphenyl).
Hydroxymethylations of kojic, comenic and pyromeconic acids with formaldehyde in alkaline medium yielded the corresponding methylol derivatives which were converted to 6-methyl kojic acid, 6-methyl comenic acid and maltol in good yields, respectively, by reduction with stannous chloride. Oxidation of 6-methyl kojic acid with chromic an-hydride and acetic acid gave 6-methyl comenic acid.

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A number of reports have been published on the production of citric acid by sub-merged mold culture. Most of them, however, have laid stresses on the effects of chemi-cal factors, such as metal ions, nitrogen sources, potassium ferrocyanide and methanol, and very little has been reported on the effect of other factors.
The form of mycelia of mold changes depending on the physical characters cf broth, and it was found that Aspergillus niger 93A, which showed a constant activity of citric acid production, could increase its acid production activity when mycelial forms were controlled to filamentous by adding suitable non-ionic surface active agents to the broth.

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Sclerin, a colorless crystalline, C₁₃H₁₄O₄ compound melting at 123°C was at first isolated as a lipase formation stimulating constituent of Sclerotinia libertiana, from its own mycelial extract, and infrared spectrum showed the presence a hydroxyl group and a lactone ring. Sclerin was found to promote also the enzyme formation and growth of various plant seedlings such as those of castor bean-, mung bean-, and rice seedlings. In the growth of the sclerin-treated plant, promotion of root formation and increase of dry weight per unit shoot length were noticed, and the combined use of sclerin and gibberellin brought about a synergistic effect on the growth of rice seedlings. The relationship between sclerin and some other plant growth regulators in the enzyme formation of germinating seeds was also described.

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By using furfuryl mercaptan as the starting material, the following sulfides have been prepared: methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, n-amyl, isoamyl, n-hexyl, n-octyl, n-decyl, allyl, prenyl (3-methyl-2-butenyl), benzyl, propargyl, β-hydroxyethyl furfuryl sulfides.
Most of these compounds showed grassy or spicy odor which is distinguishable from the roasted-coffee aroma of furfuryl mercaptan. The infrared spectra of furfuryl alcohol, furfuryl mercaptan and the furfuryl sulfides in carbon tetrachloride have also been compared to find the characteristic absorptions for furfuryl sulfides and a medium band has been detected at 1130cm^-1, which could be useful in identifying furfuryl sulfide group.

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1. Remarkable changes of growth curve were caused by varying the addition time of Tween 60, though the amount of the ester and the concentration of biotin were not varied. These changes of growth curve cor-responded to those caused by the concentra-tion of biotin in the medium which did not contain Tween 60.
2. On the accumulation of L-glutamic acid, the addition time of Tween 60 was the most decisive. When added later than optimum time, the effect of Tween 60 gradually became less according as the delay of the addition.
3. More than 1.0mg/ml of Tween 60 was required for satisfactory effects. By the incre-ment of the amount, however, the more effect was not gained.
4. The pattern of fermentation course in B₂₀-T₁ medium agreed closely with the pat-tern in B₃ medium. This suggests that identi-cal cells with B₃ cells were grown in B₂₀, medium by the addition of Tween 60, which was supported by microscopic ovservation on the shapes of the two kinds of cells.
5. A difference found between B₃ cells and B₂₀-T₁ cells was as to the content of cellular biotin. B₃ cells which was capable of accumu-lating L-glutamic acid contained deficient biotin in them, whereas the biotin contents were high in B₂₀-T₁ cells and B₅₀₀-T₂ cells which also accumulated L-glutamic acid. Biotin was taken up into the cells rapidly during initial period of fermentation, and yet Tween 60 neither prevented the uptake of biotin nor controlled the level of cellular biotin.
6. Close interrelation was observed between final growth and the yield of L-glutamic acid irrespective of adding Tween 60 or not.

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A streptomycete isolated in our laboratories was found to produce a new antibiotic effective for the control of sheath blight of the rice plant. As a result of taxonomical study it was proved to belong to a new species and therefore it was named Streptomyces multispiralis nov. sp. From its fermented broth, the antibiotic was isolated and crystallized from benzene. After the comparison of its physicochemical and biological properties with those of known antibiotics, it was considered to be a new antibiotic and named neohumi-din. It inhibited the growth of certain phytopathogenic fungi, saprophytic fungi, yeasts

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