言語研究

書史会要の「いろは」の音註について

有坂秀世

1950 年 1950 巻 16 号 p. 1-13,159
発行日: 1950/08/05
公開日: 2010/11/26

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1950.16_1

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Phonetical Transcriptiong of Japanese Syllabary in Shu-shih hui-yao (書史会要)
Phonetical transcription of Japanese syllabary in Chinese characters, which appears in T'ao Tsung-i's (陶宗儀) Shu-shih hui-yao, Vol.VIII (1376), is here studied with reference to the pronunciation in Wu dialect of the characters used in the transcription, special consideration being given chiefly to what is meant by this transcription.

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シモニデスの詩

原納一富

1950 年 1950 巻 16 号 p. 14-23,159
発行日: 1950/08/05
公開日: 2010/11/26

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1950.16_14

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In this essay I want to get general idea of Simonides'(556-468 B.C.) character and of his poems, especially his metaphor; and try to translate some of his noted works into Japanese rhythmically.
That he has been blamed by many for nigardliness and depreciation of the standard of morality may be misunderstanding resulted from his realism and optimism: he must rather be valued on his free, simple, vivacious, and unaffected “poiein”. He is not a poeticule ase compared with Pindar.
In spite of his pathos against heartless world there was a factor that had kept him out of that weeping sentimentalism, by which some earlier and many decadent lyric poets of later times were worthlesss: that was his character itself- his δωøροσυνη endowed with as an Ionian of Ceos.
My Japanese translations of the poems are of their literal but rhythmical character.

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スラヴ語動詞のアスペクトの起原について

井桁貞敏

1950 年 1950 巻 16 号 p. 24-28,160
発行日: 1950/08/05
公開日: 2010/11/26

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1950.16_24

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Ce serait une erreur d'attribuer à l'opposition “présent: aoriste” en indo-européen l'importance qu'elle a en grec. Le hittite n'en offre pas trace (Meillet). It is possible that the Slavic presents and aorists expressed tenses from the begiining. Even then Slavic would have been possile to organize a new aspect system. A verb with a preverb which has lost its autonomy could obtain a “perfective”, meanig, and the presents of such a verb had no genuine meaning of present. Slavic, which had no s-futures, made use of these presents for future, and felt an ardent necessity to obtain imperfective presents. Slavic inherited the defineite and indefinite verbs, and could make the derivative imperfects which furnished the language with genuine presenrts, and thus the aspect system was accomplished. To seek the reason of development of the aspect system only in one of these complicated conditios is mistaken.

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「擬態語」の名稱を疑ふ

石黒魯平

1950 年 1950 巻 16 号 p. 29-36,160
発行日: 1950/08/05
公開日: 2010/12/22

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1950.16_29

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Although words stand, theoretically speaking, for their referents merely in an indirect relation, and the further advanced the language the more indirect their relations grow, yet some words are in themselves highly suggestive of their referents. Hence are noticed the so-called imitative words, i. e., echoisms and onomatopceias. In those kinds of words our Japanese notably abounds, but besides those we exceptionally indulge in another kind of imitative words: we have a good many words of Mode-Analogy as I freely call them. They are sometliins like such English words as “pall mall”, “pit-a-pat”, or “zigzag”.In closely examining about 700 imitative words of: these three kinds, I can not but complain of the prevailing misinterpretation of their real nature, and have come to take the liberty to suggest a reformed classification of them. They are to be assorted in these three kinds: Imitanturs (模写語), c. 170, Interpretanturs (註写語), c. 80, and Transferranturs (転写語), c. 450. The last are nothing than the so-called Mode-Analogy words. They are invented by, as it were, ql.“translating” anything but acoustic phenomena into sounds. This third kind may be subdivided into A. of the Impression by Object and B of the Impression by Subject, each being viewed under two headings:
A,(1) of Visual Impression, c. 180,(2) of General Impression, c. 180;
to B (1) of Sensory & Visceral Impression? c. 40,(2) of the Reflection, of Mental State, c. 50.
The corrected interpretation of the nature of Mode-Analogy words naturally rejects the prevailing name for them, “Gitai-go”(擬能語). The name “words imitating some states or appearances” as they use it is not comprehensive enough. ^sn>Moreover, zoologists have “long used the word” “Gitai”, and that in the sense of imitative state or appearance not of “imitating other states or appearances” as linguistidians invertedly intend to designate by it Learning requires as little confusion vas possible in conception?

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上代日本語の音節「シ」「チ」の母音

亀井孝

1950 年 1950 巻 16 号 p. 37-47,161
発行日: 1950/08/05
公開日: 2013/05/23

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1950.16_37

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The archaic Japanese has two different vowels which have changed into a single sound represented by “_??_” the one having been absorbed thy. the other. We can not, however, restore the real phonetic values of the two series. it is J usually accepted that one was a palatal [i] and the other was probably a kind of neutral vowel.
At any rate, it is obvious that they were freely combined with some consonants, but not with others.I have here dealt with the latter case. At least, the vowel of “_??_” and “_??_” in the archaic Japanese was, in my opinion, rather a Russian hard i (bl) than [i] in the present-day Japanese. It is disputable, which of two vowels has survived the other during the aye of the classical Japanese.

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「詩經」時代の中国語の聲調に就いて

永島榮一郎

1950 年 1950 巻 16 号 p. 48-53
発行日: 1950/08/05
公開日: 2013/05/23

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1950.16_48

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古代チュルク字における二三の文字の音價について

柴田武

1950 年 1950 巻 16 号 p. 54-58,162
発行日: 1950/08/05
公開日: 2010/12/22

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1950.16_54

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Questions in this paper are:(1) the reason for existence of such three letters in Runic Character as ‹nd›‹ld› and ‹no› so transcribed by V. Thcmsen, and (2) the phontic equivalents of these leters.
‹nd›:(1) No such combinations of letters as ‹n¹d¹› and ‹n²d²› are found at least in the east face of Orkhon Inscrip-tion, (2)‹d› in ‹nd› corresponds in general to [d], but ‹d¹› and ‹d²›, to [d], [t], [j], [z] and [s] in modern turkinsh at dialects.
‹ld›:(1) Noisuch combinations of lettes as ‹l¹d¹› and ‹l²d²› are found at least in the east face of Orkhon Inscription, (2)‹ld› corresponds to [ld] and [ld], but ‹l¹t¹› and ‹l²d²› to [it] and [lt] in modern Turkish dialects.
The phonetic equivalent of ‹d› in ‹nd› and ‹ld› is able to be deduced as a devocalized scund [d], while that of ‹d› in in ‹n¹d¹›, ‹n²d²›, ‹l¹d^d›, ‹l²d²›as a fricative [ð] according to V. Thonsen's btnecly and
, ‹nc›:(1) No such cmbinations of letters as ‹nc› and ‹n²c› are found at least in the eastoface of Orklion Inscription, (2)‹c› in, ‹nc› corresponds to [t∫], [dΣ], [ts], [d], [∫], tion, (2)‹c› in, ‹nc› corresponds to [t∫], [dΣ], [ts], [d], [∫], etc, but ‹c› in ‹jincu› pearl' corresonds to a Chinese, unaspirated lg sound.
The phonetic equivalent of ‹c› in ‹nc› is able tc be deduced, as a voiced sound [dΣ], while that for ‹c› as an unvoiced to [t∫].
The reason for existence of sunch letters as ‹nd›, ‹ld› and ‹nc›, each of which represents two phonetic units is to show the other special sounds than those which ‹d› and ‹nc› do.
It is questionable whether [d]:[ð] and [dΣ]:[t∫] are phonological oppositions.

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満洲語文語の活用語尾-mbiheについて

満文老档に於ける満洲語文語の研究・中間報告その2

山本謙吾

1950 年 1950 巻 16 号 p. 59-79,163
発行日: 1950/08/05
公開日: 2010/11/26

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1950.16_59

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Zacharov said that the Manchurian verbal ending-mbihe was derived from the connection of two elements: Converbme and bihe, perfect-participle form of an aux. verb bi (Grammatika Manczurskago Jazyka §145)
From hence, however, we cannot fully explain all of its functions and meanings.
Using a number of texts the author has generalized the followings:
I. A) As the Predicate of Independent C1.…Durative.
B) Preceded by Conditional C1…Subjunctive.
II. Followed by the Particle de…Conditival.
Concerning the origin of this ending another explanation is to be seen here. That is to say, mbihe was derived from the aggultination he to mbi.

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On the Gender of Old English Nouns

T. Goto

1950 年 1950 巻 16 号 p. 80-91
発行日: 1950/08/05
公開日: 2010/11/26

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1950.16_80

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Phoneme, Phone, and Compound Phone

Shiro Hattori

1950 年 1950 巻 16 号 p. 92-108,163
発行日: 1950/08/05
公開日: 2010/11/26

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1950.16_92

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The authot proposes new phonological concepts ‘zero-phoneme’, ‘phone’. and ‘compound phone’, with which he succeeds in explaining the so-calied ‘juncture’ as a phonemic phenomenon not as a. supraphonemic one, and tries to establiksh the ‘Synthese’ of Twaddell's and Trager-Bloch's interpretation of the vowels and diphthongs of English. He maintains also that in phonemics the general law of assimilation and the articulatory, similarties are more important than the principle of economy, explaining with the illustrations of the Japanese phonemes /t, c/and/gη/.

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-λF-,-ρF-,-νF-,-ρσ- and the Compensatory Lengthening in Arcadian

H. Kodzu

1950 年 1950 巻 16 号 p. 109-115
発行日: 1950/08/05
公開日: 2013/05/23

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1950.16_109

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On the Intensive Stem of Middle Korean

Rokuro Kono

1950 年 1950 巻 16 号 p. 116-125
発行日: 1950/08/05
公開日: 2010/11/26

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1950.16_116

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Remarks on the Dipthong [wa] in the Kharachin Dialect of the Mongol Language

Masayoshi Nomura

1950 年 1950 巻 16 号 p. 126-142
発行日: 1950/08/05
公開日: 2011/10/21

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1950.16_126

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