巻号一覧
1993 巻 (1993)
- 104 号 p. 1-
- 103 号 p. 1-
1993 巻, 103 号
選択された号の論文の10件中1～10を表示しています
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Andrej L. Malchukov1993 年 1993 巻 103 号 p. 1-36
発行日: 1993/03/25
公開日: 2007/10/23
ジャーナル フリー本稿は,旧ソ連邦のツングース系言語のひとつであるエヴェン語における構文で,伝統的には受身または許容使役と呼ばれてきたものをとりあげる.この構文は,その統語的・意味的特性から日本語の迷惑受身に通じるところがあるので,本稿では,これを「迷惑構文」と呼ぶことにする.迷惑構文は,動詞接辞-V-によって派生され,意味的には表層主語にとって迷惑を及ぼす事象を表す.例えば,次の例のように,日本語の迷惑受身のように自動詞からの派生も可能で,意味的にもそれに匹敵する.
a. (Imanra-φ) iman-ra-n snow-NOM snow-NONFUT-3SG ‘It is snowing.’ b. Etiken-φ (imanra-du) imana-v-ra-n old man-NOM snow-DAT snow-AD-NONFUT-3SG ‘ The -old man is caught by the snowfall.’
本稿の目的は,エヴェン語の迷惑構文の実体を記述するとともに,一方では,それと受身構文との関係を追究し,他方では,使役構文との関係を明かにし,結論的には,意味記述において迷惑構文を受身構文と使役構文の連続線上に位置付けることにある.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2373K) -
いわゆる「下降式アクセント」の成立に関する考察をもとにして松森 晶子1993 年 1993 巻 103 号 p. 37-91
発行日: 1993/03/25
公開日: 2007/10/23
ジャーナル フリーData recently collected from some Japanese dialects such as Ibuki Island in the Inland Sea (Setonaikai) and neighboring areas in Kagawa prefecture, or Tsubata and Shiramine in Ishikawa prefecture, reveal a specific tonal pattern which bears a mid-tone mora (or a sequence of mid-tone morae) after 2 initial high tone morae in a single tonal phrase, as shown by #V V V …. This paper presents a hypothesis that this particular tonal pattern is derived, diachronically, from the sequence #HLH …, by rightward spread of the first high tone, thereby causing the downstepping of the second high tone, yielding the pattern #HHM….
Based on the assumption that phrases in the above geographical regions that now display #HHM… used to be, at a certain stage of their historical development, the sequence #HLH…, this paper first suggests a proto-accentual system of the mainland Japanese dialects, and subsequently illustrates the way in which some of the present dialects have developed their tonal systems from the common source. Contrary to the general assumption that the proto-accentual system of mainland Japanese dialects is that of the late Heian period annotated in the Ruijumyogisho, this paper attempts to show that the natural phonetic account of the tonal patterns of these dialects requires a common stage prior to that described in the Ruijumyogisho.
The paper further reconstructs a proto-accentual system of Japanese, based on the data collected in the present Ryukyuan dialects as well as the proto-accentual system of mainland Japanese established in the previous section of this paper. It is then suggested that, at least at one point, proto-Japanese had a balanced tonal-melody system consisting of extensive use of combinations of High and Low tones.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1745K) -
認知語用論的観点からコモンワニック カモンオーン, 沢田 奈保子1993 年 1993 巻 103 号 p. 92-116
発行日: 1993/03/25
公開日: 2007/10/23
ジャーナル フリーIn this paper, we analyse the selectional characteristics of the two copulas “pen” and “kh_??_”, which figure in copular sentence patterns in Thai, and we subsequently reconsider Japanese copulative sentences on the basis of the results of the above analysis. The viewpoint of cognitive pragmatics is assumed throughout. We also point out correspon-dences between the copula-expressions of the two languages.
Our main claims in this paper are the following two points. The first is that the nature of the selectional restrictions on the two Thai copulas can be found in the degree of modality in the utterance, and is necessarily context-dependent. The second point is that the Japanese sentence pattern “A wa B ni naru” which does not mean ‘change of state’ can be recognized as one marked type of copula-expressions partially equivalent to the Thai copulative sentence pattern“A pen B”, whose degree of modality is high.
Consequently, we propose to label the Thai copula “pen” as the “mood-copula”, and assign the keyword “semi-copulative sentence pattern” to the Japanese “A wa B ni naru”, which includes the function verb ‘NARU’.
Our study is concerned with language universal and language-specific problems in copular sentences and modality.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1670K) -
彰 国躍1993 年 1993 巻 103 号 p. 117-140
発行日: 1993/03/25
公開日: 2007/10/23
ジャーナル フリーIt is a known fact that in early-modern Chinese there were many ways of expressing politeness, but they have not studied systematically. This paper investigates the features and the system of polite expressions in early-modern Chinese in three aspects from a pragmatic perspective.
1. Non-deictic Feature
Polite expressions in Japanese have certain specific linguistic forms, suchas•(_??_, _??_), but in early-modern Chinese the same politeness could=be expressed by many different expressions. For instance, when calling somebody by name, Japanese will only say(_??_), but in early-modern dhinese they used“_??_, _??_, _??_, _??_, _??_”etc. and po1ite expressions were not specified and symbolized as social deixis.
2. Conversational Implicature Feature
Unlike polite expressions in Japanese, those in Chinese all have clear literal meanings, such as_??_(big), _??_(small), _??_(descending), _??_(ascending). The meaning of polite expressions was the conversational implicature derived from the literal meanings of these words. The =author proposes an inferring process of the conversational implicatures derived from the literal meanings of polite expressions.
3. Pragmatic System
The derivation of the conversational implicature of polite expressions in early-modern Chinese was governed by a set of pragmatic rules. The author proposes the maxim of evaluation which governed polite expressions in early-modern Chinese.
Maxim of Evaluation: (a) give positive evaluation to the others as much as possible, (b) give negative evaluation to oneself as much as possible.
The author also points out that in early-modern Chinese society, when applicable, this maxim was restrained by the following criteria as for what was positive and what was negative evaluation. 1. quality 2. nobility 3. intelligence 4. height 5. size 6. economic status
For example, in the big-small criterion, one should call the interlocutor and the things belonging to him big, such as_??_(big name=your name), _??_(big Person=you), _??_(big of Hcer=you). Likewise one should call oneself and the things belonging to him small, such as_??_ (small person=me), _??_(small house=my house), _??_(small son-in-1aw=my) son-in-law.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1766K) -
吉本 啓1993 年 1993 巻 103 号 p. 141-166
発行日: 1993/03/25
公開日: 2007/10/23
ジャーナル フリーAn integrated explanation is proposed on the dependence of Japanese topic, tense, and focus on Minami's four-level syntactic hierarchy.The Japanese sentence is analyzed into this hierarchy by checking whether sentential components cooccur with each other.The four levels reflect the manner the Japanese sentence is formed by adding modular meanings to its core.
Syntactic phenomena ranging over various domains behave regularly according to this hierarchy.The subordinate clause headed by a level B particle (B-subordinate, hereafter) has the subject that obligatorily agrees with the matrix subject when topicalized.The focus of assertive and interrogative sentences excludes B-subordinates.Tense of the B-subordinate is interpreted on the basis of the temporal information the matrix
clause offers.
The paper proposes syntactic mechanisms according to which information on topic, focus, and tense is composed.In doing so it explicates the regularity observable as above, for which no explanation has ever been made, by hypothesizing that topic, focus, and tense are properties of the C-level clause.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1766K) -
W. M. JACOBSEN: The Transitive Structure of Events in Japanese Tokyo: Kurosio Publishers, 1991, 284 pp益岡 隆志1993 年 1993 巻 103 号 p. 167-182
発行日: 1993/03/25
公開日: 2007/10/23
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1380K) -
Wolf gang U. DRESSLER et al. eds.: Contemporary Morphology (Trends in Linguistics: Studies and Monographs 49) Berlin, Mouton de Gruyter. 1990, xi + 317pp.窪薗 晴夫1993 年 1993 巻 103 号 p. 183-190
発行日: 1993/03/25
公開日: 2007/10/23
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (589K) -
M. H. KLAIMAN: Grammatical Voice Cambridge University Press, 1991 (Cambridge Studies in Linguistics 59) xix + 323 pp. (Price 42.50 pounds, 15,300 yen)Tasaku TSUNODA1993 年 1993 巻 103 号 p. 191-219
発行日: 1993/03/25
公開日: 2007/10/23
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (2023K) -
A Study with Special Reference to German小川 暁夫1993 年 1993 巻 103 号 p. 220-227
発行日: 1993/03/25
公開日: 2007/10/23
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (234K) -
柴田 武1993 年 1993 巻 103 号 p. 259-266
発行日: 1993/03/25
公開日: 2007/10/23
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (189K)
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