GENGO KENKYU (Journal of the Linguistic Society of Japan)
Online ISSN : 2185-6710
Print ISSN : 0024-3914
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Volume 1986, Issue 90
Displaying 1-24 of 24 articles from this issue
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  • Outline of lexicase grammatical theory
    Stanley STAROSTA, Hisami Konishi SPRINGER
    1986 Volume 1986 Issue 90 Pages 1-26
    Published: December 25, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: May 23, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1986.90_1
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    The lexicase grammatical framework was developed by Stanley Sta-rosta and various students and colleagues primarily at the University of Hawaii beginning in 1970, and has been used since then in the description of more than 40 languages, mostly languages of Asia and the Pacific Basin. Lexicase is an outgrowth of Chomsky's standard theory and Fillmorean case grammer. It can be described as generative monostratal X-bar lexicalist dependency localistic case grammar. It claims to be more formal and explicit than other grammatical theories which are generally considered to be generative, and simpler, less powerful and more insightful than other current comprehensive grammatical frameworks.
    From the lexicase point of view, grammar is contained in the lexicon. When each lexical item is marked for the dependency relationships which it may contract with other words in a sentence, the lexicon itself generates the well-formed sentences of a language. A grammar then can be formulated in terms of the general statements which can be made about the relationships among features in the lexical entries of the words composing the lexicon of a language.
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  • On Some Crossover Phenomena of Active and Passive Voice from the standpoint of the Topological View of Syntax
    Kaoru TAHARA
    1986 Volume 1986 Issue 90 Pages 27-47
    Published: December 25, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1986.90_27
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    It is argued that there can be a way of thinking in which constituents of a sentence would be assigned their proper position in the meaningfunctional space of the whole clause figuratively given a tridimensional structure. We call this the Topological View of Syntax. Applying it to the following problems, I tried to explicate them elegantly and thereby to show the efficacy of this view:
    1. interpretation of the asymmetric case assignment in Georgian
    2. active and passive voice, and passive voice, and “Amphidiathesis ” underlying both
    3. perfective formation as revealing “Amphidiathesis ” and duplicity of tense
    4. subject with passive meaning in reflexive voice.
    To sum up, a common potential structure containing both an active and a passive meaning field underlies active and passive voice. The most significant characteristic of this theory is perhaps the proposal of qualification predicates, -er, -ed, and pres, which will be viable against trials of criticism.
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  • On Demonstratives KO/SO/A in Japanese
    Kei YOSHIMOTO
    1986 Volume 1986 Issue 90 Pages 48-72
    Published: December 25, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1986.90_48
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    [in Japanese]
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    1986 Volume 1986 Issue 90 Pages 73-74
    Published: December 25, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1986.90_73
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    1986 Volume 1986 Issue 90 Pages 75-96
    Published: December 25, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1986.90_75
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  • Ergativity in Alaskan Yupik Eskimo
    Osahito MIYAOKA
    1986 Volume 1986 Issue 90 Pages 97-118
    Published: December 25, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1986.90_97
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    This is a portion of the report the author presented at the Symposium “On Ergativity” held at the University of Tsukuba on June 14th, 1986, on the occasion of the 92nd General Meeting of the Linguistic Society of Japan. It summarizes where and how ergativity manifests itself in the structure of Alaskan Yupik Eskimo, and the remaining portion which dealt with the case assignment will be published in a separate paper.
    Lexical ergativity (as termed by B. Comrie) is crucial to the classification of Yupik binominal verbs into agentive and non-agentive, which in turn is highly relevant to a number of syntactic phenomena.‘Halftransitive’ verbs, i. e., anti-passive verbs from non-agentive binominal verbs are to be adequately understood in view of the adversative experiencer verbs. Attention is paid to the semantic difference between ergative and anti-passive constructions.
    Morphologically the language is remarkably ergative in that intransitive subjects and transitive objects occur in the absolutive case and transitive subjects in the relative except for the nouns referring to the first or second person which occur in the locative case instead of the absolutive. Dual and plural nouns without person markers and the first and second person pronouns lack formal distinction between the absolutive and the relative, hence the neutral pattern. Person markers in verbs manifest not only the ergative but also the accusative and the neutral pattern mainly depending upon the person. Syntactically the language is accusative except for one type of relativization made on an absolutive noun.
    The ergative pattern of case assignment should be viewed in terms of nominal hierarchy together with case promotion and demotion. It will be shown in a separate paper that the voice phenomena in which a number of nominals in addition to the more fundamental S, P, and A are involved is a process of foregrounding a certain nominal to be spotlit in the form of the absolutive case.
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    1986 Volume 1986 Issue 90 Pages 119-148
    Published: December 25, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1986.90_119
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    1986 Volume 1986 Issue 90 Pages 149-168
    Published: December 25, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1986.90_149
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  • Some Universals Concerning Ergativity to conclude the Symposium “On Ergativity”
    Katsumi MATSUMOTO
    1986 Volume 1986 Issue 90 Pages 169-190
    Published: December 25, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1986.90_169
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    This is a part of the results of the Syposium “On Ergativity” held at the University of Tsukuba on June 14th, 1986, on the occasion of the 92nd General Meeting of the Linguistic Society of Japan.
    The writer, who presided over the Symposium, discusses the various aspects of ergativity on the levels of morphology, syntax and discourse, and tentatively proposes the following ‘Universals’:
    Univ. 1: If the verbal agreement of a language is ergative, then its nominal case-marking (if it exists) is always ergative. On the other hand, if the nominal case-marking of a language is accusative, then its verbal agreement (if it exists) is always accusative.
    Univ. 2: If a language exhibits ergative construction for the verbal forms of “ACTION NOT COMPLETED”, then the verbal forms of “ACTION COMPLETED” are also constructed ergatively.
    Univ. 3: If a language manifests ergative marking in the NPs higher on Animacy Hierarchy, then the NPs lower on the Hierarchy exhibits always ergative marking. On the other hand, if a language manifests accusative marking in the NPs lower on Animacy Hierarchy, then the NPs higher on the Hierarchy always exhibits accusative marking.(“Silverstein's Univ.”)
    Univ. 4: If a language exhibits transitive construction for the verbs lower on Transitivity Hierarchy, then the verbs higher on the Hierarchy are also transitively constructed.
    Univ. 5: If a language manifests ergative syntax, then its morphology is always ergative. On the other hand, if a language has accusative morphology, then its syntax is always accusative.
    Univ. 6: If a language is ergative in the syntax of coordination, then it is also ergative in the syntax of subordination (or embedding).
    Univ. 7: If a language is ergative in its syntax, then it has syntactic device called ‘anti-passive’ to switch the ergative NP to absolutive.
    Univ. 8: Almost all languages are accusative (or Agent-oriented) in the pattern of Topicalization.
    Univ. 9: All languages are ergative in the patterns of Nominalization and Word-formation.
    Univ. 10: No language manifests ergativity by the word-order alone, whereas the accusativity can be encoded exclusively by the word-order.
    Univ. 11: The language which has ergative syntax tends to place Patient NP before Agent NP.
    Univ. 12: If the word-order of a language is of ‘strict’ SVO type, then it does not belong to the ergative language.
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Shohei YOSHIDA
    1986 Volume 1986 Issue 90 Pages 191-201
    Published: December 25, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: May 23, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1986.90_191
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  • 書評論文　Gerald Gazdar, Ewan Klein, Geoffrey K. Pullum, and Ivan A. Sag : Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar
    [in Japanese]
    1986 Volume 1986 Issue 90 Pages 202-217
    Published: December 25, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: May 23, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1986.90_202
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    1986 Volume 1986 Issue 90 Pages 218-219
    Published: December 25, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1986.90_218
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    1986 Volume 1986 Issue 90 Pages 219-220
    Published: December 25, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1986.90_219
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  • A Three-Level Approach to Typology
    [in Japanese]
    1986 Volume 1986 Issue 90 Pages 220-221
    Published: December 25, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1986.90_220
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    1986 Volume 1986 Issue 90 Pages 221-222
    Published: December 25, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1986.90_221
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    1986 Volume 1986 Issue 90 Pages 222-223
    Published: December 25, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1986.90_222
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
    1986 Volume 1986 Issue 90 Pages 224-228
    Published: December 25, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1986.90_224
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    1986 Volume 1986 Issue 90 Pages 228-229
    Published: December 25, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1986.90_228
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    1986 Volume 1986 Issue 90 Pages 230-231
    Published: December 25, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1986.90_230
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    1986 Volume 1986 Issue 90 Pages 232-233
    Published: December 25, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1986.90_232
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    1986 Volume 1986 Issue 90 Pages 233-234
    Published: December 25, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1986.90_233
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    1986 Volume 1986 Issue 90 Pages 234-235
    Published: December 25, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1986.90_234
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    1986 Volume 1986 Issue 90 Pages 235-236
    Published: December 25, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1986.90_235
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    1986 Volume 1986 Issue 90 Pages 236-237
    Published: December 25, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1986.90_236
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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