GENGO KENKYU (Journal of the Linguistic Society of Japan)

Portée de la négation en japonais

Masayoshi SAGAWA

1976 Volume 1976 Issue 70 Pages 1-22
Published: November 30, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1976.70_1

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Dans cette dissertation, j'essaie de prouver que, pour expliquer la portée de la negation en japonais, la semantique interpretative est plus adéquate que la zcute;mantique generative, incapable d'expliquer certains phénomènes concernant la négation, et perdant de vue certaines généralisations significatives.
D'abord, comme premiere approximation, je propose une régle interpretative de la négation, qui n'utilise que la relation de commande, et qui semble etre inappropriee pour certains faits.
Ensuite je présente une tentative d'expliquer, au moyen de la sémantique générative, les problémes posés par cette régle interprétative. Cependant cette methods comporte aussi beaucoup de défauts fatals.
De nouveau, je propose une autre règle interpretative un peu modifiée comme suit.
La portée de la negation s'etend, dans la structure de surface, jusqu'à tous les constituants que le negatif “nai ” commande et qui sont en construction avec “wa” qui se situe dans la meme S que “nai”. Enfin trois contre-exemples pour la regle ci-dessus sont enumeres et il est suggere qu'ils ont beaucoup à voir avec la notion de “présupposition”.

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Ga-No Conversion Revisited

A Reply to Shibatani

S. I. HARADA

1976 Volume 1976 Issue 70 Pages 23-38
Published: November 30, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1976.70_23

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1976 Volume 1976 Issue 70 Pages 39-56
Published: November 30, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 18, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1976.70_39

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On the ‘Gutturalgesetze’ of Ga'az

Yoichi TSUGE

1976 Volume 1976 Issue 70 Pages 57-76
Published: November 30, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1976.70_57

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This paper deals with the problems concerning the so-calld ‘Gutturalgesetze’ of Ga'az, the classical language of Ethiopia. Although we already have M. Cohen's outstanding article on this subject (Cohen, 1927), we don't think all the problems are given due solutions. So here we re-examine the matter to popose better solutions or interpretations or to support Cohen's views by giving certain additional proofs.
To face with the problems first it is important to make it clear that in the vowel system of the language, the first order vowel of the Ethiopic syllabary stands in the opposition to the fourth order vowel by quality and not by quantity, and that these two vowels are not neutralised after a laryngal consonant as in Tigrinya, another Ethiopian language closely related with Ge'az.
Cohen maintains that the first ‘Gesetz’ should be interpreted in two ways: allongement soppose and allongement reel. We reject his view and try to illustrate that the orthographical change reflects the sound change of a to a before a syllable-closing layngal, which had already begun by the sixth century. As for the second and the third ‘Gesetz’ we slightly modify Cohen's opinions and give some newly found evidence
Lastly, laryngal verbs, i.e. verba mediae gutturalis and verba tertiae gutturalis, are treated. The question of the first and second person forms of the verba med. gutt. is never settled till we take the type p forms of the strong verbs into consideration at the same time. We make this point clear and proceed to submit an alternative solution. As to verba tert. gutt. we agree with Cohen. We also take up some relevant topics which he misses.

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[in Japanese]

1976 Volume 1976 Issue 70 Pages 77-80
Published: November 30, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1976.70_77

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The Co-occurrence Relations between Possessive Adjectives and Definite Articles, and Those between Demonstrative Adjectives and Definite Articles in Modern Romance Languages

Shunji ARIYOSHI

1976 Volume 1976 Issue 70 Pages 81-83
Published: November 30, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1976.70_81

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In English, which is familiar to us Japanese, possessive pronouns cannot co-occur with definite articles (e.g.*the my book vs. my book). This is also the case with French (e.g.*le mon livre vs. mon livre). But the obligatory or optional co-occurrence relations are observed in the other Romance languages; in many modern Romance languages (i.e. Italian, Provencal, Rumanian, Leonese, and Aragonese) their obligatory co-occurrences are required obligatorily (and almost obligatorily in Portuguese and Catalan) with exceptions of Castilian (i. e. standard Spanish) and French:
Ital. la sua sedia (his chair), Prov. lo mieus cavals (my horse), Rum. profesorul meu (my teacher), Leo. la to casa (your house), Arag. la tuya casa (your house), Port.(o) meu livro (my book) livro meu (my book), Cat.el meu llivre (my book) (el) nostre llibre (our book), Cast. mi libro (my book) el libro mio (my book)
The well-formedness of the string Det [+Art, + def] + Adj [+ genitive] + N implies that the definite article and the possessive adjective are in syntagmatic relation, i.e. belong to two different syntactical categories, while its ill-formedness implies that they are in paradigmatic relation, i.e. belong to the same syntactic category.
But from the diachronic point of view, the co-occurrence relations observed frequently in Old Spanish and French are not found completely in Modern Castilian and French. The co-occurrence of definite articles with possessive adjectives may have been considered to be semantically redundant, because a semantic feature [+ definite] became intrinsic in the possessive adjectives. This semantic redundancy was reflected in syntax, i. e. the definite articles were deleted syntactically, which is explained by Definite article deletion rule in the framework of a transformational grammar, as specified in Langacker (1968) and Ariyoshi (1975).
Next we will examine the co-occurrence between demonstrative adjectives and definite articles. The string Det [+ Art, + def] + Adj [+ dem] + N can not be observed in any Romance language as well as in the other languages like English, which implies that the two syntactic constituents are in paradigmatic relation, i. e. belong to the same syntactic category. Perhaps, this is due to the historical fact that the definite articles in Romance languages were derived from the demonstratives in Classical Latin. Therefore, we my well assume that the two syntactic constituents are semantically and syntactically redundant not only from the synchronical but also from the diachronical point of view. It is interesting to note that here remains still a Latin influence.
On the other hand in Rumanian, Castilian, and Catalan the string Det [+ Art, + def] + N+ Adj [+ dem] is grammatical: Rum. omul acesta (that man), Cast. el pariente aquel (that relative), Cat. el pariente aquelle (that relative). This phenomenon is explained by Demonstrative adjective movement rule which leaves behind a definite article, as specified in Contreras (1968) and Ariyoshi (1975). From this it follows that such an absolute paradigmatic relation is actualized as a syntagmatic relation in the specific construction.

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[in Japanese]

1976 Volume 1976 Issue 70 Pages 83-86
Published: November 30, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1976.70_83

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1976 Volume 1976 Issue 70 Pages 86-89
Published: November 30, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1976.70_86

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1976 Volume 1976 Issue 70 Pages 89-92
Published: November 30, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1976.70_89

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1976 Volume 1976 Issue 70 Pages 92-94
Published: November 30, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1976.70_92

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1976 Volume 1976 Issue 70 Pages 94-96
Published: November 30, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1976.70_94

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1976 Volume 1976 Issue 70 Pages 97-99
Published: November 30, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1976.70_97

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[in Japanese]

1976 Volume 1976 Issue 70 Pages 99-102
Published: November 30, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1976.70_99

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1976 Volume 1976 Issue 70 Pages 103-104
Published: November 30, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1976.70_103

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Erratum to : Old Linguistics and New Linguistics

1976 Volume 1976 Issue 70 Pages 113a
Published: 1976
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1976.70_113a

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Erratum

1976 Volume 1976 Issue 70 Pages 113b
Published: 1976
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1976.70_113b

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