All issues
Volume 1962 (1962)
- Issue 42 Pages 1-
- Issue 41 Pages 1-
Volume 1962, Issue 42
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
Hisanosuké Izuï1962 Volume 1962 Issue 42 Pages 1-14
Published: October 31, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSQuels sont les problemes à venir de notre science linguistique? Il sembleraitque le structuralisme actuel, quelque approchées des sciences exactes qu'en soientles méthodes, s'arrete aux apparences, c'est à dire, au niveau baissé des études dulangage humain sans en pénétrer les secrets qui sont réellement les «résidus» Parétoniens.Pour eclaircir meme un peu les résidus linguistiques, it nous faudrait renouvelernos efforts presque dans les memes directions que des grammairiensclassiques qui n'étaient pas si inscientifiques qu'on en pense généralement aujourd'hui. Par ses principes memes, les méthodes mathématiques, y appliquées, neseraient pas toujours effectives pour décrire exactement les cheminements subtilsde nos activités linguistiques. Le progres de notre science, s'il y en a vraimentfutur, semble dépendre, sela est naturel, plutot de l'accroissement de la matierenouvelle et l'approfondissement de l'idée que du raffinement de la mandre.View full abstractDownload PDF (700K) -
Hideo KOBAYASHI1962 Volume 1962 Issue 42 Pages 15-22
Published: October 31, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEst-ce qu'en italien la combinaison telle que triste notizie est possible ou correcte? La doute surgit de ce fait que l'adjectif épithète semble ici être au singulier tandisque le nom auquel il se rapporte est au pluriel (cf. notizia au singulier). Mais les dictionnaires consultés m'ont appris juste en ce moment qu'il y a en italien un autre mot très ressemblant, c'est-à-dire tristo. Si l'on admet id que ce triste est le pluriel du féminin de tristo, la combinaison se justifie pleinement. Il se trouve pourtant entre triste et tristo quelque différence.
Le mot italien tristo a, tout en couvrant le sens du mot italien triste quicorrespond à peu près celui du mot francais triste, les acceptions que voici: a) sventurato ‘malheureux’ b) guai! ‘malheur’ c) meschino ‘mesquin’ d) cattivo ‘mauvais’ e) brutto ‘laid’ f) corrotto ‘corrompu’.
Il y a donc une différence même entre le mot francais triste et le mot italien triste. Voilà le phénomène de ‘faux-amis’ ainsi appelé par les auteurs de la Stylistique compare du francais et de l'anglais (Vinay et Darbelnet): “Sont de faux-amisdu traducteur ces mots qui se correspondent d'une langue à l'autre par l'étymologicet par la forme, mais qui ayant évolué au sein de deux langues et, partant, de deux civilisations différentes, ont pris des sens différents.”(o. c. p.71)
Triste fr. et triste it. sont faux-amis parce que le second est en quelque sorte ‘ombrage’ par un autre mot dérivant de la même origine tandis que le premier en est quitte.
La constatation de ce fait nous affirme la pensée de Ch. Bally exprimée danssa Crise du francais, p.79: “ la langue est loin d'être l'expression directe de la pensée spontanée, et qu'elle se compose de signes qui se limitent et se réciproquement par un jeu incroyablement complexe d'associations analogues et difrentielles.”View full abstractDownload PDF (266K) -
Masanobu KATO1962 Volume 1962 Issue 42 Pages 31-46
Published: October 31, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs an experiment in linguistc geography, the writer takes up in the present paper the distribution of a variety of forms denoting salix caprea in the Island of Sado. This word may not belong to the basic Japanes vocabulary, nor can its variation constitute such an important dialectological feature as the word for “bought”, which divides Japan into two areas, one (east) with the form katta and the other (west) with the form kota. Even the conclusion about the changes the word has undergone in that island may have little significance in itself. The writer's aim here is to present the procedures that have led him to his conclusion and invite critical comments from his colleagues.
In actual field work, the writer was assisted by Mrs. Sadako Kato. They visited almost all the communities (160 communities in all) in the island except the northern region, from 1959 to 1962. In each community, they examined one informent, who was native to the community and born in the Meiji Era i. e. before 1912. As a result of the survey, 34 different forms have been recorded. If we represent these forms on the maps as they are, their distribution would look so complicated that it would be impossible to know where to draw a dividing line. Matters can be made much simpler, however, by classifying our forms into two groups, one containing the element inu ‘dog’ and one containing the element neko ‘cat’. Thus we find the ‘dog’ group distributed in the central part, and the ‘cat’ group along the seacoast.
With respect to the history of the island, we know that it was the central part that was prosperous untill the sixteenth century, and, only later, important lines of communications developed along the coast. On the other hand, the ‘dog’ group contains certain forms affected by a law of vocalic change that must have been completed in the seventeenth or eighteenth century. These two considerations have led the writer to the conclusion that the ‘dog’ group belong to an older layer than the ‘cat’ group. If so, how did some forms of the ‘dog’ group come to be replaced by those of the ‘cat’ group? In order to answer this question, the writer reconstructs an approximate process of innovation on the basis of further material provided by his map, and considers factors involved in each case.View full abstractDownload PDF (2260K) -
[in Japanese]1962 Volume 1962 Issue 42 Pages 58-61
Published: October 31, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (158K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...1962 Volume 1962 Issue 42 Pages 62-76
Published: October 31, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (515K) -
Takao SUZUKI1962 Volume 1962 Issue 42 Pages 23-30
Published: October 31, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: May 23, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the vocabulary of sound symbolism of Present-day Japanese, there are a great many examples of word-pairs such as kira-kira: gira-gira, both of which denote substantially the same thing (or event), but connote differently. The denotata of these two are the same sense-impression we obtain from looking at some light-giving object e. g. the sun, and the connotatum of the former is, broadly speaking, our appreciation of the experience, whereas that of the latter seems to be a certain sense of displeasure, if not of disgust. Here we find our emotive attitude towards the event reflected faithfully in a contrastive sound pair; k: g, thus the expressive value of sounds peculiar to Japanese is exploited to the full. The kind of naturalistic connection here illustrated between the meaning of a word and its sound, however, does not normally exist outside the sphere of onomatopoeia in a wide sense of the term. But the author points out in this article that there are a number of word-pairs, mostly of colloquial usage, which, having nothing to do with onomatopoeia, can be regarded in their semantic structure as close parallels to the example above cited. A case in point is the pair; tori: dori. Now tori here means a bird or a chicken looked on as an edible thing, and dori stands for the inedible part, i. e. lungs and intestines, of a bird. One more example; hure: bure. A bure is trembling in general. A bure for a trembling of the hand as one takes pictures. To these are found corresponding verbs as well. Discussing these and other similar pairs in some detail, the author concludes that the functioning of morphophonemic contrasts of this kind are of two levels. As for denotative meaning, the contrast t: d etc. has an associative function. As for connotative meaning the same contrast has a dissociative, i. e. distinctive function.View full abstractDownload PDF (379K) -
[in Japanese]1962 Volume 1962 Issue 42 Pages 47-57
Published: October 31, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: May 23, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (601K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|