言語研究

沖縄本島与那原方言における中舌高母音音素/i/について

宮良信詳, 新川智清

1994 年 1994 巻 105 号 p. 1-31
発行日: 1994/03/15
公開日: 2007/10/23

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1994.105_1

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This paper presents a view of the phoneme /i/, which has never been discussed in the vowel system of the dialects of the main island of Okinawa. The phoneme /i/ has [+ back, + high, -labial] as its main distinctive features, but phonetically is realized as [ i ] (front high vowel) ; hence, it is necessary to posit a rule of changing /i/ into [ i ]. However, the postulation of /i/ brings about a great simplification in the phonological system.
The postulation of /i/ provides a principled basis for the contrast of [waki] 'reason' and [wat_??_i] ‘armpit’, or [tii] ‘hand’ and [t_??_ii] 'blood', where palatalization applies not to /waki/ or /ti/, but to /waki/ or /ti/. The addition of /yi/ to the distribution of /y/ and subsequent vowels in the Yonabaru dialect does not change such a restriction-effective in Standard Japanese as well-that /y/ occurs only with [+back] vowels. Rather, the establishment of yi makes it possible to give a simpler account of the alternation of -yi and -yu in the non-past morpheme /yu/, sinceyi need not be derived directly from /yu/. In addition, only when [_??_ikiN] 'the world' is derived from /syikin/ does the presence of /i/ give an account of why, as in [_??_it_??_a] ‘down’ being derived from /sita/, the expected progressive palatalization is not applied to /k/. The incorporation of /i/ into the phonological system provides a means of making a phonological distinction between homophonous words; /kwi/ ‘voice’ and /kwi/ ‘stake’ derive the same phonetic form [kwii] through the application ofThe postulation of /i/ brings about a typological simplification in that Ryukyuan dialects typically have a 6-vowel system, and also contributes to the comparison of correspondences between phonological systems of related dialects.

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日本語とスペイン語の主題化

野田尚史

1994 年 1994 巻 105 号 p. 32-53
発行日: 1994/03/15
公開日: 2007/10/23

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1994.105_32

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This paper sets out to analyze various types of thematized or topicalized sentences in Japanese and Spanish under a single procedure of ″thematization ″. Sentences analyzed include so-called double-subject sentences and pseudo-cleft sentences in Japanese and left-dislocated sentences, cleft sentences, and pseudo-cleft sentences in Spanish.
Thematization is the procedure whereby a copy of the constituent designated as the theme is attached to the head of the proposition, and the original constituent in the proposition is then pronominalized. For example, double-subject sentence (1) is derived by thematization from the proposition (2), in which the head noun zisyo modified by an adjective is designated as the theme.
(1) Zisyo wa atarasii no ga ii.
(2) atarasii zisyo ga ii [theme: zisyo]
Differences in the procedure of thematization in Japanese and Spanish are:
1) In Japanese the theme-marker wa is attached to the theme; in
Spanish nothing is attached.
2) In Japanese the theme of a sentence may be an argument of the predicate, a genitive noun, or a head noun modified by an adjectiver genitive noun; in Spanish only an argument of the, predicate may be thematized.
3) In Japanese the pronominalized constituent generally becomes null; in Spanish it becomes a clitic pronoun.

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テンボ語の声調の逆転現象

フンデ語,バンツー祖語と比較して

梶茂樹

1994 年 1994 巻 105 号 p. 54-86
発行日: 1994/03/15
公開日: 2007/10/23

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1994.105_54

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With respect to tone reversal in Bantu languages of Africa, the example of Luba (L. 31) is well-known, and has. been the subject of several works. In this paper, the author draws attention to another language of tone reversal, Tembo (J. 57), which is spoken by some 50, 000 people in the eastern part of Zaire (Kivu Region), hundreds of kilometers away from Luba. The author has been studying it in the field since 1976.
ldquo;Although some irregularities are found, tone reversal as such is perfect in Tembo. Examples: *-t>Iacute; >Prime;tree>Prime; >ldquo; -ci muci 3, 4; *-nt>ugrave; >Prime;person>Prime; >ldquo; -ndz>ugrave; mundz>ugrave; 1, 2; *-kede >Prime;frog>Prime; >ldquo; -kere c>Iacute;kere 7, 8; *-d>Iacute;m>Ugrave; >Prime;spirit>Prime; >ldquo; -s>Iacute;m>Uacute; m>Uac>Uacute;te;simu 1, 2; *-kene >Prime;poor>Prime; >ldquo; -kene, mukene 1, 2; *-bidl >Prime;body>Prime; >ldquo; -bilyi mubilyi 3, 4; *-djm- >Prime;to be extinguished>Prime; >ldquo; -sim- kusima; *-did- >Prime;to cry>Prime;>ldquo;-lir- kulira.
ldquo;Three rules, namely High Tone Anticipation, High Tone Leveling and High Tone Spreading are postulated to explain this historical phenomenon. The derivations from Proto-Bantu to Tembo for nominals of mono- and disyllablic stems can be summarized as follows (in the Proto-Bantu forms, the first H represents the augment, and the following L the nominal prefix) : a. *H-L-H>ldquo;HRL>ldquo;HHL; b. *H-L-L>ldquo;HHL>ldquo;HHH; c. *H-L-HH>ldquo;HRLL>ldquo;HHLL; d. *H-L-HL>ldquo;HRLH>ldquo;HHLH; e. *H-L-LH>ldquo;HLRL HHHL; f. *H-L-LL>ldquo;HHLL>ldquo;HHHL>ldquo;HHHH.

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引用文のダイクシス

発話行為論からの分析

中園篤典

1994 年 1994 巻 105 号 p. 87-109
発行日: 1994/03/15
公開日: 2007/10/23

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1994.105_87

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In Japanese there are some restrictions on the use of deixis in quotations. Previous research on quotations has mainly been made from a syntactic point of view, but explicit explanation of their use has yet to be made. This study examines the restrictions in the framework of speech act theory. The following are the main findings of the study:
ldquo;1) There are two kinds of speech acts: >Prime;speech acts with continuous effects (SAC)>Prime; and >Prime;speech acts with temporary effects (SAT).>Prime; These are classified according to >Prime;the duration of validity of speech acts.>Prime; A promise is a typical SAC, being valid both at the time when it is uttered and afterward. A greeting, on the other hand, is a typical SAT, being valid only at the time when it is uttered.
ldquo;2) The above distinction is demonstrated in this study by means of a focus on syntax. In Japanese there are syntactic restrictions on the adjustment of deixis in quotations according to whether the speech quoted is classified as a SAC or SAT. SACs appear to permit deictic adjustment whereas SATs do not. This analysis leads to a very pragmatic explanation of the data, since extra-linguistic factors appear to exert influence on sentence forms.

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書評論文

由本陽子, 正木芳子

1994 年 1994 巻 105 号 p. 110-130
発行日: 1994/03/15
公開日: 2007/10/23

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1994.105_110

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書評

亀井孝論文集 6『言語諸言語倭族語』

風間喜代三

1994 年 1994 巻 105 号 p. 131-138
発行日: 1994/03/15
公開日: 2007/10/23

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11435/gengo1939.1994.105_131

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