Placental protein (=PP) 5, PP10, and PP12 were studied with the unlabelled antibody enzyme (PAP) technique in 10% formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from 15 patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma and from the cervical cancer xenograft.
Positive PP5, PP10, and PP12 staining were seen in 0%, 38.5%, and 50% of the non-malignant squamous epithelial cases, respectively.
Cervical cancer cells were subclassified into three different cell types; small cell, non-keratinizing large cell, and karatinizing cell types. Positive rate of PP5 and PP12 showed no significant difference in the three cell types of squamous cell cancers. But positive PP10 staining was seen in 7.1% of small cell type, 35.7% of nonkeratinizing large cell type, and 54.5 % of keratinizing cell type.
From these date, clinical applications of PP5, PP10, and PP12 were discussed.

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Honest Brush is a new endometrial cytology technic. We carried out a comparative study of 2, 756 patients with Honest Brush and with Masubuchi's Aspiration technic.
The results are as follows:
1. It is possible to collect a larger number of endometrial cells with Honest Brush than by Aspiration technic.
2. The contamination of erythrocytes on the slide samples was more frequent with Honest Brush, but it hardly disturbed microscopic examination.
3. Less contamination of cervical cells with Honest Brush.
4. There was no difference between the two technics in contamination of mucus or histiocytes.
5. In a few cases, the Papanicolau classes were lower grade with Aspiration technic than with Honest Brush.
6. There was generally little difference of possibility rate of endometrial cytology; Aspiration method 91.8% and Honest Brush 95.5%. But in older group, Honest Brush indicated a high possibility rate.
7. Pain and bleeding appeared during brush insertion into the uterine cavity, but it was less than expected.
It is concluded that Honest Brush is useful for endometrial carcinoma screening.

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By using scanning backscattered electronmicroscope, an attempt was made to observe the intracellular structure of cultured cells form human ovarian myosarcoma.
As the culture substrate, a plastic cover slip (Thermanox, LUX, USA) was proved to be suitable for the purpose, but a glass cover slip thinly covered by carbon was unavailable because of the too strong background backscattered electron which interefered the cell image.
Double fixation with glutaraldehyde and osmium tetraxide was most suitable for the observation of intracellular structures, but the ethanol fixation was not fitted.
On the proper specimen preparation, the whole image of mitochondria as well as lysosome and microfilament, which were proved by transmission electronmicroscope, were offered by scanning backscattered electronmicroscope.

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Elastase was reported as the enzyme reacts particularly to Elastin in 1950. Recently, the relation of Elastase to arteriosclerosis, decreasing of activity of Elastase in the pancreas of rat with aging, improvement of symptomes of diabetes mellitus by application of Elastase, and suppression of experimental fibrosing of liver were reported by several investigators, and Elastase is understood that is one of the therapeutic drugs for diabetes mellitus, liver fibrosis and arteriosclerosis.
Authors investigated the influence of Elastase for human and Tat cell under the tissue culture.
Islet cells in pancreas of rat was used under the tissue culture technique, and secretion of Insulin into the medium and the formation of fiber cells originated by human mammary carcinoma cells were estimated by the addition of Elastase under the tissue culture.
By the addition of Elastase into the medium,
1) Secretion of Insulin from islet cells in pancreas of rats was promoted remarkably.
2) Fibrin formation of cells originated from liver of rat and mammary carcinoma cells of human breast was suppressed.
3) Lipoid degenerated cells were selectively come off from the wall of glass tube in tissue culture by addition of Tween 80.
Authors believe that results described above may be one of the clue on analysis of effect of Elastase in clinical fields.

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Correlation of urinary cytology and histopathology of bladder tumors of 212 patients for 8 year periods from 1976 to 1983 were investigated. Papanicolaou's cytodiagnostic classification was modified according to nuclear atypia, cellular arrangement and whether or not large malignant cells were detected. Class III, IV and V were divided into 2 subgroups, respectively and defined as follows: IIIa; transitional cells with mild nuclear atypia shedding mainly with cluster, IIIb; transitional cells with moderate nuclear atypia shedding mainly with cluster, IVa; small malignant cells shedding mainly with cluster, IVb; small malignant cells shedding singly (without respect to the presence of cluster), Va; sparsely identified large malignant cells, Vb; frequently identified large malignant cells.
The higher the cytologic classification, the higher the incidence of high grade cancers (p<0.005). In class III, the incidence of grade 1 and 2 papillary carcinomas was markedly high and no difference of histologic background was found between IIIa and IIIb. However, the incidence of high grade carcinoma such as grade 3 papillary cancer, non-papillary carcinoma in situ and deeply invasive cancer was significantly higher in class IVb (67%) than IVa (32%)(p <0.01). In class Vb, the incidence of deeply invasive cancer was significantly higher (80%) than in Va (46%)(p=0.05). Thus, the newly designed cyto-diagnostic criteria seemed to be useful in the estimation of histologic background of bladder cancers.

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Percutaneous aspiration biopsy of the liver and the pancreas using a heparinized 22-gauge fine needle was performed under ultrasonic guidance in 18 patients with hepatic malignancy (17 primary carcinomas and a metastatic cancer), 13 with benign hepatic disease, 18 with primary pancreatic carcinomas and 5 with benign pancreatic disease. A new cell-block technique was developed to obtain good histological specimens for histological diagnosis by using egg albumin as the binding material. In this method, as egg albumin coagulates rapidly by being dehydrated with ascending ethanol, the tissue fragments are gathered tightly to prevent loss of biopsic material. Histological specimens were fixed in Bouin's solution or Zamboni's solution which weire good for various staining techniques, but fixation with 2.5% glutaraldehyde was best for preserving glycogen granules.
Histological specimens were obtained in 90.3% of patients with hepatic disease and in 95.7% of those with pancreatic disease. Correct diagnosis was made histologically on all specimens of hepatic disease and on 95.5% of specimens of pancreatic disease. This procedure has thus been proved as a very reliable method for small tissue fragments like fine needle aspiration biopsy.

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1. The usefulness of fiberscopic brushing cytology in detecting cancer of the colon and rectum has been studied in the material obtained from a total of 73 cases in which surgical resections or fiberscopic polypectomies had been performed. Cytological findings were observed in the slides stained with Papanicolaou method. The cytology of nonmalignant cases is described in 20 cases, 10 of normal epitherium and 10 of adenomas.
2. In adenomatous lesions of the colon and rectum, the nuclei of cells are usually oval and the nuclear abnormalities do not appear.
Early malignant change in colorectal cancer may be recognized by nuclear enlargement, elongation and multiple nucleoli.
In more advanced stages, cells display nuclear enlargement, hyperchromasia, irregularity of nuclear membrane, and large and multiple nuclei. Nuclear forms are round at the high rate and there is great variation in size in nuclei.
3. Accuracy of brushing cytology is 91% in early cancer and 96% in advanced cancer. There is one false positive case in 20 of benign lesion. This study seems to be justify that direct vision brushing cytology is useful as a method in detecting colorectal cancer.

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A case of non-papillary carcinoma of the urinary bladder was detected by means of cytologic and histologic examination. With observing dyskaryotic feature of exfoliated squamous cells found in urine it had been cytologically diagnosed as class III-b before operation. However, a few atypical cornified squamous cells suggesting squamous cell carcinoma was found after operation.
Histopathologic examination of the surgical material revealted that dyskaryotic squamous cells were delived from the superficial squamous layer with the Bowen-like epithelial lesion and malignant squamous cells from the deeper layer associated with malignant transformation.

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A case of a 58-year-old woman with Garcin's syndrome due to metastasis of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the submaxillary gland to the meninges which was diagnosed by cytology of the cerebrospinal fluid was presented.
The patient had had a Ping-Pong ball-sized tumor touching the left submaxillary gland since 1973.Surgical removal of the tumor was performed in October, 1980. Histological diagnosis of the tumor was adenoid cystic carcinoma with invasion into the nerve.Multiple cranial nerve palsies had gradually appeared on the left side since June, 1983, and developed into Garcin's syndrome (cranial nerve III, W, V, VI, VII, VII, IX, X, XI, XII). When signs of Garcin's syndrome appeared, the patient was admitted to Iwate Medical University Hospital. Cytologic examination of the cerebrospinal fluid was performed, since metastasis of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the submaxillary gland to the meninges was suspected. Cancer cells were detected only once in the cerebrospinal fluid in several examinations. The feature of the cancer cells in the cerebrospinal fluid was as follows: 1) the nucleus which was larger in size and oval in shape, had a smooth border and some nucleoli. 2) the chromatin pattern was granular. 3) the cytoplasm was not clear.

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In Japan, amoebiasis has been considered rare, but recently, cases of this disease slightly increased.
Our patient, a 42-year-old-male, was suspected of amoebic colitis at a hitological examination of rectal biopsy specimen. The final diagnosis of amoebiasis was made by cytological examination with needle aspirates obtained using ultrasonography from a liver lesion.
There are some previous reports that described the usefullness of cytological examination of needle aspiraues obtained under ultrasonography for tumor diagnosis. We confirmed the usefulness of this technique in the diagnosis of amoediasis.
In the aspirates from the liver amoeba were few and hard to find with Papanicoloau staining. However with PAS staining, amoebae were strongly positive and easily detected at low-power magnification (×40).
In any case, the characteristics of the aspitates from the liver lesion are very important if amoebiasis is suspected. When the color of mucinous aspirates from the liver was brown to red brown, PAS staining was helpful in making a diagnosis of amoebiasis.

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Three cases of meningial carcinomatosis from primary adenocarcinoma of the stomach are reported. The cases presented illustrates the cellular changes in both cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and imprint samples from primary and metastatic sites. All cells in three cases showed singly or in loose clusters ; the chromatin was fine to coarse granular with nuclear diameter of 10-13μ. The most of cells in three cases had single or multiple round nucleoli, pale green cytoplasm with relatively distinct border and high nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio. By detailed analysis of the cellular changes in the CSF, the suggestion of a diagnosis of gastric origin can be made.

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Two cancer cases reported here had unusual diagnostic aspects. The cancer of the first case was adenosquamous cancer of the biliary tract and squamous cell cancer had spread entirely into the mediastinal lymph nodes and the lung. Keratotic squamous cancer cells were found in his sputum. Thus, it was very difficult to know whether the cancer originally developed in or metastasized to the lung.
Double cancers simultaneously arose in the second case; primary adenocarcinoma of the lung and primary transitional cell cancer of the renal pelvis. The latter was silent and metastasized into lungs where as the former lung cancer was surrounded with the latter metastatic cancer. Cancer cells obtained by both bronchial scraping and washing unexpectedly showed transitional cells cancer morphology. Thus, it was quite difficult to recognize the histogenetic nature of cancer because the latter silent cancer of the renal pelvis could not be expected in the clinical course.

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